{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T23:55:58Z","timestamp":1783641358950,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,3]],"date-time":"2014-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396483200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,3]],"date-time":"2014-04-03T20:50:30Z","timestamp":1396558230000},"page":"e93770","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Mortality and Case Fatality Due to Visceral Leishmaniasis in Brazil: A Nationwide Analysis of Epidemiology, Trends and Spatial Patterns"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Francisco Rogerl\u00e2ndio","family":"Martins-Melo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauric\u00e9lia da Silveira","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto Novaes","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Henrique","family":"Alencar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorg","family":"Heukelbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Word Health Organization (2010) Control of the leishmaniases: report of a meeting of the WHO expert committee on the control of leishmaniases. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available: http:\/\/whqlibdoc.who.int\/trs\/WHO_TRS_949_eng.pdf<\/ext-link>. Accessed 2013 April 30."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35671","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035671","article-title":"Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence","volume":"7","author":"J Alvar","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS ONE"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.004","article-title":"Leishmaniasis: Current situation and new perspectives","volume":"27","author":"P Desjeux","year":"2004","journal-title":"Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade (2006) Manual de vigil\u00e2ncia e controle da leishmaniose visceral. Bras\u00edlia: Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. Available: http:\/\/portal.saude.gov.br\/portal\/arquivos\/pdf\/manual_leish_visceral2006.pdf<\/ext-link>. Accessed 2013 April 30."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e584","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000584","article-title":"Control of visceral leishmaniasis in Latin America: a systematic review","volume":"4","author":"GA Romero","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"338","article-title":"[Visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil: current status, challenges and prospects]","volume":"7","author":"CMF Gontijo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev Bras Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2182","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002182","article-title":"Factors associated with visceral leishmaniasis in the Americas: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"VS Belo","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e313","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000313","article-title":"Complexities of assessing the disease burden attributable to leishmaniasis","volume":"2","author":"C Bern","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2937","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2008001200023","article-title":"Forum: geographic spread and urbanization of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. Introduction","volume":"24","author":"GL Werneck","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cad Saude Publica"},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade (2013) Leishmaniose visceral. Bras\u00edlia: Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. Available: http:\/\/portal.saude.gov.br\/portal\/saude\/profissional\/area.cfm?id_area=1561<\/ext-link>. Accessed 2013 April 30."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822006000400007","article-title":"[Geographical expansion of visceral leishmaniasis in the state of Pernambuco]","volume":"39","author":"F Dantas-Torres","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"931","article-title":"[Analysis of visceral leishmaniasis reports by the capture-recapture method]","volume":"41","author":"AN Maia-Elkhoury","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev Saude Publica"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"644","article-title":"[Geographic spread of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil]","volume":"26","author":"GL Werneck","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cad Saude Publica"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281572","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/281572","article-title":"American visceral leishmaniasis: factors associated with lethality in the state of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil","volume":"2012","author":"G Madalosso","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Trop Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1511","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001511","article-title":"Early clinical manifestations associated with death from visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"6","author":"VE Araujo","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"188","article-title":"[Mortality due to visceral leishmaniasis: clinical and laboratory characteristics]","volume":"43","author":"JM Oliveira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1508","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001508","article-title":"Epidemiology of mortality related to Chagas\u2019 disease in Brazil, 1999\u20132007","volume":"6","author":"FR Martins-Melo","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2012.03043.x","article-title":"Mortality of Chagas\u2019 disease in Brazil: Spatial patterns and definition of high-risk areas","volume":"17","author":"FR Martins-Melo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"Word Health Organization (2007) Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD): 10th Revision. Version 2010. Available: http:\/\/apps.who.int\/classifications\/apps\/icd\/icd10online\/<\/ext-link>. Accessed 2012 November 15."},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade (2013) Casos confirmados de leishmaniose visceral, Brasil, Grandes Regi\u00f5es e Unidades Federadas. 1990 a 2011. Bras\u00edlia: Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. Available: http:\/\/10.1.1.213\/portal\/arquivos\/pdf\/2012_11_casos_de_lv_entre_1990_e_2011_final.pdf<\/ext-link>. Accessed 2013 April 30."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(20000215)19:3<335::AID-SIM336>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Permutation tests for joinpoint regression with applications to cancer rates","volume":"19","author":"HJ Kim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3670","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3733","article-title":"Estimating average annual per cent change in trend analysis","volume":"28","author":"LX Clegg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"713","article-title":"[Maps of epidemiological rates: a bayesian approach]","volume":"14","author":"RM Assun\u00e7\u00e3o","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cad Saude Publica"},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"Cliff AD, Ord JK. (1981). Spatial processes: models and applications. London: Pion Limited. 266 p."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00338.x","article-title":"Local indicators of spatial association \u2013 LISA","volume":"27","author":"L Anselin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Geographical Analysis"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"178","article-title":"[Epidemiological potential of multiple-cause-of-death data listed on death certificates, Brazil, 2003]","volume":"22","author":"AH Santo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev Panam Salud Publica"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000187177.96138.c6","article-title":"A comparison of underlying cause and multiple causes of death: US vital statistics, 2000\u20132001","volume":"17","author":"MD Redelings","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdg058","article-title":"Trends in mortality rates comparing underlying-cause and multiple-cause coding in an English population 1979\u20131998","volume":"25","author":"MJ Goldacre","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Public Health Med"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"777","article-title":"[Assessment of knowledge and preventive attitudes concerning visceral leishmaniasis in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil]","volume":"24","author":"BK Borges","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cad Saude Publica"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.2223\/JPED.1154","article-title":"[Visceral leishmaniasis: clinical and epidemiological features of children in an endemic area]","volume":"80","author":"MJ Queiroz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref31","unstructured":"Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade (2011) Leishmaniose visceral: recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es cl\u00ednicas para redu\u00e7\u00e3o da letalidade. Bras\u00edlia: Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. Available: http:\/\/bvsms.saude.gov.br\/bvs\/publicacoes\/leishmaniose_visceral_reducao_letalidade.pdf<\/ext-link>. Accessed 2013 April 30."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822010000400010","article-title":"Is severe visceral leishmaniasis a systemic inflammatory response syndrome? a case control study","volume":"43","author":"CH Costa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2002000300012","article-title":"Spatial modeling using mixed models: an ecologic study of visceral leishmaniasis in Teresina, Piaui State, Brazil","volume":"18","author":"GL Werneck","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cad Saude Publica"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2941","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2008001200024","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil: trends and challenges","volume":"24","author":"AN Maia-Elkhoury","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cad Saude Publica"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"519","article-title":"[Co-infection leishmania\/HIV in Brazil: epidemiological, clinical and laboratorial aspects]","volume":"20","author":"ML Sousa-Gomes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epidemiol Serv Saude"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martins-Melo FR, Lima MS, Ramos Jr AN, Alencar CH, Heukelbach J (2014) Epidemiological patterns of mortality due to visceral leishmaniasis and HIV\/AIDS co-infection in Brazil, 2000\u20132011. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg (in press).","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/tru050"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1153","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001153","article-title":"Predictors of visceral leishmaniasis relapse in hiv-infected patients: a systematic review","volume":"5","author":"GF Cota","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2011.02945.x","article-title":"Clusters of leprosy transmission and of late diagnosis in a highly endemic area in Brazil: focus on different spatial analysis approaches","volume":"17","author":"CH Alencar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0325","article-title":"Identification of risk areas for visceral leishmaniasis in Teresina, Piaui State, Brazil","volume":"84","author":"AS Almeida","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200205000-00020","article-title":"The urban spread of visceral leishmaniasis: clues from spatial analysis","volume":"13","author":"GL Werneck","year":"2002","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-64","article-title":"Spatial and temporal variation and hotspot detection of kala-azar disease in Vaishali district (Bihar), India","volume":"13","author":"GS Bhunia","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref42","unstructured":"Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade (2013) Mapa de estratifica\u00e7\u00e3o de leishmaniose visceral, segundo munic\u00edpio de resid\u00eancia e m\u00e9dia de casos, de 2009 a 2011. Bras\u00edlia: Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. Available: http:\/\/10.1.1.213\/portal\/arquivos\/jpg\/2012_11_areas_transmissao_lv_brasil_2009_2011.jpg<\/ext-link>. Accessed 2013 April 30."},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"223","article-title":"[Changes in the control program of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil]","volume":"34","author":"CH Costa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652006000300007","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil: revisiting paradigms of epidemiology and control","volume":"48","author":"F Dantas-Torres","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"ref45","unstructured":"WHO (2010) First WHO report on neglected tropical diseases 2010: working to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available: http:\/\/whqlibdoc.who.int\/publications\/2010\/9789241564090_eng.pdf<\/ext-link>. Accessed 2012 October 10."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762005000800001","article-title":"Lutzomyia longipalpis<\/italic> and the eco-epidemiology of American visceral leishmaniasis, with particular reference to Brazil: a review","volume":"100","author":"R Lainson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652009000500003","article-title":"Neglected tropical diseases in Brazil","volume":"51","author":"JAL Lindoso","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2953","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2008001200026","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis in large Brazilian cities: challenges for control","volume":"24","author":"CD Oliveira","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cad Saude Publica"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0093770","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,20]],"date-time":"2018-10-20T07:42:24Z","timestamp":1540021344000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0093770"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Henk D. F. H.","family":"Schallig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,3]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0093770","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,3]]}}}