{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T22:34:45Z","timestamp":1792449285773,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,4]],"date-time":"2014-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396569600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,4]],"date-time":"2014-04-04T20:49:37Z","timestamp":1396644577000},"page":"e94378","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["CBCT Evaluation of the Upper Airway Morphological Changes in Growing Patients of Class II Division 1 Malocclusion with Mandibular Retrusion Using Twin Block Appliance: A Comparative Research"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Liang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huijuan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanzhao","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinlin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongxu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejwf.2012.06.001","article-title":"A cone beam CT evaluation of oropharyngeal airway space and its relationship to mandibular position and dentocraniofacial morphology","volume":"1","author":"A Abdelkarim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2007.06.020","article-title":"A cephalometric evaluation of the pharyngeal airway space in patients with mandibular retrognathia and prognathia, and normal subjects","volume":"37","author":"T Muto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2011.02.015","article-title":"Airway volume for different dentofacial skeletal patterns","volume":"139","author":"H El","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(86)90108-3","article-title":"Facial morphology and obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"90","author":"AA Lowe","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(97)70287-7","article-title":"Early dentofacial features of Class II malocclusion: a longitudinal study from the deciduous through the mixed dentition","volume":"111","author":"T Baccetti","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"25","article-title":"Bivariate correlation analysis between the craniofacial structures, upper airway and the sleeping-respiratory disturbance of the OSAS","volume":"41","author":"CT Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"697","article-title":"Relationship between craniofacial and airway structure and pediatric obstructive sleep apnea and hyponea syndrom es: a case-control study","volume":"42","author":"JR Deng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences)"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(00)70248-4","article-title":"Cephalometric evaluation of the Twin-block appliance in the treatment of Class II Division 1 malocclusion with matched normative growth data","volume":"117","author":"MJ Trenouth","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.02.025","article-title":"Skeletal and dentoalveolar effects of Twinblock and bionator appliances in the treatment of Class II malocclusion: A comparative study","volume":"130","author":"AK Jena","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpor.2010.09.008","article-title":"Modified mandibular advancement appliance for an edentulous obstructive sleep apnea patient: A clinical report","volume":"55","author":"S Nelogi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Prosthodontic Research"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2004.05.003","article-title":"Computerized tomographic evaluation of effects of mandibular anterior repositioning on the upper airway: A pilot study","volume":"92","author":"M Ogutcen-Toller","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecm.2011.02.005","article-title":"Changes in the Pharyngeal Airway and Position of the Hyoid Bone After Treatment with a Modified Bionator in Growing Patients With Retrognathia","volume":"3","author":"YC Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2009.02.001","article-title":"Effects of mandibular advancement device (MAD) on airway dimensions assessed with cone-beam CT","volume":"15","author":"JA Haskell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Orthod"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2009.02.001","article-title":"Effects of Mandibular Advancement Device (MAD) on Airway Dimensions Assessed With Cone-Beam Computed Tomography","volume":"15","author":"JA Haskell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Seminars in Orthodontics, June"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"728.e1","article-title":"Accuracy of surgical positioning of orthodontic miniscrews with a computer-aided design and manufacturing template","volume":"137","author":"H Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.018","article-title":"Drift characteristics of miniscrews and molars for anchorage under orthodontic force: 3-dimensional computed tomography registration evaluation","volume":"139","author":"H Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.05.050","article-title":"Assessment of lateral cephalometric diagnosis of adenoid hypertrophy and posterior upper airway obstruction: A systematic review","volume":"130","author":"MP Major","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(87)90393-3","article-title":"Cephalometric superimposition on the cranial base: a review and a comparison of four methods","volume":"91","author":"J Ghafari","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"86","article-title":"The cranial base","volume":"32","author":"B Melsen","year":"1974","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.01.018","article-title":"Superimposition of 3-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography models of growing patients","volume":"136","author":"LHC Cevidanes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"697","article-title":"Relationship between craniofacial and airway structure and pediatric obstructive sleep apnea and hyponea syndrom es: a case-control study","volume":"42","author":"JR Deng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal Of Peking University(Health Sciences)"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.2319\/112106-477.1","article-title":"Cephalometric analysis of nonobese snorers either with or without obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"77","author":"HH Tsai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(83)90322-6","article-title":"The analysis of errors in orthodontic measurements","volume":"83","author":"WJB Houston","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2004.05.003","article-title":"Computerized tomographic evaluation of effects of mandibular anterior repositioning on the upper airway: A pilot study","volume":"92","author":"M Ogutcen-Toller","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(81)90199-8","article-title":"The hyoid triangle","volume":"80","author":"RE Bibby","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2004.07.019","article-title":"Long-term changes of hyoid bone and pharyngeal airway size following advancement of the mandible","volume":"99","author":"N Eggensperger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2010.12.010","article-title":"Cephalometric evaluation of facial pattern and hyoid bone position in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"75","author":"BB Vieira","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/26.2.150","article-title":"Anatomic and physiologic predictors of apnea severity in morbidly obese subjects","volume":"26","author":"RB Fogel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.2319\/110211-675.1","article-title":"Effect of large incisor retraction on upper airway morphology in adult bimaxillary protrusion patients: Three-dimensional multislice computed tomography registration evaluation","volume":"82","author":"Y Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Angle Orthodontist"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.2319\/062308-328.1","article-title":"Developmental changes in pharyngeal airway depth and hyoid bone position from childhood to young adulthood","volume":"79","author":"CM Sheng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.17796\/jcpd.27.1.e5ht231175xk6xh6","article-title":"The positional changes of hyoid bone in children","volume":"27","author":"HH Tsai","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2010.01482.x","article-title":"An analysis of different approaches to the assessment of upper airway morphology: a CBCT study","volume":"13","author":"MG Lenza","year":"2010","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"137","article-title":"Changes in shape of upper airway during titrated mandibular advancement: a magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"40","author":"XM Gao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chin J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/26.2.150","article-title":"Anatomic and physiologic predictors of apnea severity in morbidly obese subjects","volume":"26","author":"RB Fogel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"648","article-title":"Maxillary morphology in obstructive sleep apnea: a cephalometric and model study","volume":"74","author":"A Johal","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Angle Orthodontist"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"221","article-title":"Morphology and growth of the nasopharynx from three years to maturity (author's transl)","volume":"229","author":"WD Scheerer","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/21.4.357","article-title":"Cephalometric changes in adultpharyngeal morphology[J]","volume":"21","author":"CD Johnston","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0094378","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T09:20:24Z","timestamp":1589016024000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0094378"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Qinghua","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,4]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0094378","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,4]]}}}