{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T16:02:24Z","timestamp":1782316944184,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,14]],"date-time":"2014-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1397433600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,14]],"date-time":"2014-04-14T20:34:03Z","timestamp":1397507643000},"page":"e94596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Combination of Liposomal CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide 2006 and Miltefosine Induces Strong Cell-Mediated Immunity during Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Rahul","family":"Shivahare","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Preeti","family":"Vishwakarma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naveen","family":"Parmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawan Kumar","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wahajul","family":"Haq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mrigank","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suman","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanta","family":"Kar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.004","article-title":"Leishmaniasis: current situation and new perspectives","volume":"27","author":"P Desjeux","year":"2004","journal-title":"Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2011.03.021","article-title":"Recent advances in leishmaniasis treatment","volume":"15","author":"TS Tiuman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"399","article-title":"Current scenario of drug development for leishmaniasis","volume":"123","author":"SL Croft","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(05)61006-8","article-title":"Chemotherapy in the treatment and control of leishmaniasis","volume":"61","author":"J Alvar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.2174\/1874104501105010031","article-title":"Structures, targets and recent approaches in anti-leishmanial drug discovery and development","volume":"5","author":"K Seifert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Open Med Chem J"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70296-6","article-title":"Treatment options for visceral leishmaniasis: a systematic review of clinical studies done in India, 1980\u20132004","volume":"5","author":"PL Olliaro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1086\/591972","article-title":"New treatment approach in Indian visceral leishmaniasis: single-dose liposomal amphotericin B followed by short-course oral miltefosine","volume":"47","author":"S Sundar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2009.07.026","article-title":"Immunological stimulation for the treatment of leishmaniasis: a modality worthy of serious consideration","volume":"104","author":"AM Musa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2010.09.003","article-title":"Immunomodulatory effect of picroliv on the efficacy of paromomycin and miltefosine in combination in experimental visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"127","author":"SA Sane","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.05.007","article-title":"Enhancement in therapeutic efficacy of miltefosine in combination with synthetic bacterial lipopeptide, Pam3Cys against experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis","volume":"131","author":"N Shakya","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2006.12.004","article-title":"<italic>Leishmania major<\/italic>: <italic>In vitro<\/italic> and <italic>in vivo<\/italic> anti-leishmanial activity of paromomycin ointment (Leshcutan) combined with the immunomodulator Imiquimod","volume":"116","author":"J El-On","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn479","article-title":"Quassin alters the immunological patterns of murine macrophages through generation of nitric oxide to exert antileishmanial activity","volume":"63","author":"S Bhattacharjee","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq502","article-title":"Fucoidan cures infection with both antimony-susceptible and resistant strains of <italic>Leishmania donovani<\/italic> through Th1 response and macrophage-derived oxidants","volume":"66","author":"S Kar","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis771","article-title":"Successful therapy of visceral leishmaniasis with curdlan involves T-helper 17 cytokines","volume":"207","author":"K Ghosh","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.2.293-305.2005","article-title":"Subversion mechanisms by which <italic>Leishmania<\/italic> parasites can escape the host immune response: a signaling point of view","volume":"18","author":"M Olivier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(96)80040-9","article-title":"Invasion, control and persistence of <italic>Leishmania<\/italic> parasites","volume":"8","author":"C Bogdan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830240328","article-title":"Production of nitric oxide and superoxide by activated macrophages and killing of <italic>Leishmania major<\/italic>","volume":"24","author":"J Assreuy","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"Kandimalla ER, Agrawal S (2004) Agonists of Toll-Like Receptor 9: Modulation of Host Immune Responses with Synthetic Oligodeoxynucleotides. In: Tina Rich, Toll and Toll Like Receptors: An Immunologic Perspective. Kluwer academic: Plenum. pp 181\u2013212."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.2.944","article-title":"Mechanism and function of a newly identified CpG DNA motif in human primary B cells","volume":"164","author":"G Hartmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2879","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.7.2879","article-title":"CpG motifs present in bacteria DNA rapidly induce lymphocytes to secrete interleukin 6, interleukin 12, and interferon gamma","volume":"93","author":"DM Klinman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1089\/10430349950016816","article-title":"Role of endogenous endonucleases and tissue site in transfection and CpG-mediated immune activation after naked DNA injection","volume":"10","author":"ME Barry","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum Gene Ther"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3324","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.6.3324","article-title":"Sterically stabilized cationic liposomes improve the uptake and immunostimulatory activity of CpG oligonucleotides","volume":"167","author":"I Gursel","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3461","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00137-11","article-title":"CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 2006 and miltefosine, a potential combination for treatment of experimental visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"55","author":"S Gupta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"80","article-title":"Resistance to the Khartoum strain of <italic>Leishmania donovani<\/italic>","volume":"45","author":"AL Stauber","year":"1956","journal-title":"Rice Inst Pamphlet"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0909644","article-title":"MAPK-directed phosphatases preferentially regulate pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in experimental visceral leishmaniasis: involvement of distinct protein kinase C isoforms","volume":"88","author":"S Kar","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr485","article-title":"Treatment of <italic>Leishmania donovani<\/italic>-infected hamsters with miltefosine: analysis of cytokine mRNA expression by real-time PCR, lymphoproliferation, nitrite production and antibody responses","volume":"67","author":"R Gupta","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2892","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks315","article-title":"Mycobacterium indicus pranii (Mw)-mediated protection against visceral leishmaniasis: involvement of TLR4 signalling","volume":"67","author":"A Adhikari","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1987","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001987","article-title":"Imipramine Is an Orally Active Drug against Both Antimony Sensitive and Resistant <italic>Leishmania donovani<\/italic> Clinical Isolates in Experimental Infection","volume":"6","author":"S Mukherjee","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45766","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045766","article-title":"<italic>Leishmania donovani<\/italic> Triose Phosphate Isomerase: A Potential Vaccine Target against Visceral Leishmaniasis","volume":"7","author":"PK Kushawaha","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900265","article-title":"Immunization with the DNA-encoding N-terminal domain of proteophosphoglycan of <italic>Leishmania donovani<\/italic> generates Th1-type immunoprotective response against experimental visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"183","author":"M Samant","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00524-10","article-title":"Combination Therapy with Paromomycin-Associated Stearylamine-Bearing Liposomes Cures Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis through Th1-Biased Immunomodulation","volume":"55","author":"A Banerjee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents and Chemother"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7160","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.11.7160","article-title":"Kinetoplastid Membrane Protein-11 DNA Vaccination Induces Complete Protection against Both Pentavalent Antimonial-Sensitive and -Resistant Strains of <italic>Leishmania donovani<\/italic> That Correlates with Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity and IL-4 Generation: Evidence for Mixed Th1- and Th2-Like Responses in Visceral Leishmaniasis","volume":"174","author":"R Basu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.1.18-27.1998","article-title":"Regional differences in the cellular immune response to experimental cutaneous or visceral infection with <italic>Leishmania donovani<\/italic>","volume":"66","author":"PC Melby","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"318","article-title":"Serological investigations on Indian kala-azar","volume":"40","author":"AC Ghose","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3627","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.8.3627","article-title":"CpG oligodeoxynucleotides trigger protective and curative Th1 responses in lethal murine leishmaniasis","volume":"160","author":"S Zimmermann","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(08)60536-2","article-title":"Mechanism and regulation of immunoglobulin isotype switching","volume":"54","author":"RL Coffman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Adv Immunol"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"398","article-title":"Current trends in chemotherapy of tuberculosis","volume":"120","author":"MS Jawahar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"395","article-title":"Rationale of the multidrug regimens recommended by a World Health Organization Study Group on Chemotherapy of Leprosy for Control Programs","volume":"52","author":"GA Ellard","year":"1984","journal-title":"Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.2.949-957.2004","article-title":"CpG oligodeoxynucleotide and Montanide ISA 51 adjuvant combination enhanced the protective efficacy of a subunit malaria vaccine","volume":"72","author":"S Kumar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref40","volume":"38","unstructured":"Wilsona ME, Jeronimob SMB, Pearson RD (2005) Immunopathogenesis of infection with the visceralizing <italic>Leishmania<\/italic> species. Microb. Pathogen <volume>38<\/volume>: ; 147\u2013160."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.3.1912","article-title":"The Hamster as a Model of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis: Progressive Disease and Impaired Generation of Nitric Oxide in the Face of a Prominent Th1-Like Cytokine Response","volume":"166","author":"PC Melby","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47907","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047907","article-title":"Parasite Burden in Hamsters Infected with Two Different Strains of leishmania (<italic>Leishmania<\/italic>) infantum: \u201cLeishman Donovan Units\u201d versus Real-Time PCR","volume":"7","author":"NDD Moreira","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3091","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.57.10.3091-3096.1989","article-title":"Comparison of T-cell responses in self-limiting versus progressive visceral <italic>Leishmania donovani<\/italic> infections in golden hamsters","volume":"57","author":"C Gifawesen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2001000400015","article-title":"Detection of immunoglobulin G in the lung and liver of hamsters with visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"34","author":"R Mathias","year":"2001","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1991.44.283","article-title":"A killing disease epidemic among displaced Sudanese population identified as visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"44","author":"PD Beer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"91","article-title":"Seroepidemiological study on kala-azar in Baringo District, Kenya","volume":"89","author":"A Jahn","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(98)00237-4","article-title":"Epidemiological patterns of canine leishmaniosis in Western Liguria (Italy)","volume":"81","author":"E Zaffaroni","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2288","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.5.2288-2296.2002","article-title":"Gender Is a Major Determinant of the Clinical Evolution and Immune Response in Hamsters Infected with <italic>Leishmania<\/italic> spp","volume":"70","author":"BL Travi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"876","article-title":"Sex-influenced population kinetics of <italic>Leishmania donovani<\/italic> in hamsters","volume":"28","author":"PR Anuradha","year":"1990","journal-title":"Indian J Exp Biol"},{"key":"ref50","volume":"76","unstructured":"Satoskar A, Al-Quassi HHK, Alexander J (1998) Sex determined resistance against <italic>Leishmania mexicana<\/italic> is associated with the preferential induction of a Th1-like response and IFN-\u03b3 production by female but not male DBA\/2 mice. Immunol Cell Biol <volume>76<\/volume>: ; 159\u2013166."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000058303","article-title":"Sex differences and cross-immunity in DBA\/2 mice infected with <italic>L<\/italic>. <italic>mexicana<\/italic> and <italic>L. major<\/italic>","volume":"96","author":"J Alexander","year":"1988","journal-title":"Parasitol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3316","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.56.12.3316-3319.1988","article-title":"Hormonal modulation of sex differences in resistance to <italic>Leishmania major<\/italic> systemic infections","volume":"56","author":"BA Mock","year":"1988","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199912093412411","article-title":"Miltefosine-the long-awaited therapy for visceral leishmaniasis?","volume":"341","author":"BL Herwaldt","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"389","article-title":"Drug unresponsiveness &amp; combination therapy for kala-azar","volume":"123","author":"TK Jha","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.186.10.1623","article-title":"CpG oligodeoxynucleotides act as adjuvants that switch on T helper 1 (Th1) immunity","volume":"186","author":"RS Chu","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1086\/513439","article-title":"HLA class I-restricted T cell epitopes of the kinetoplastid membrane protein-11 presented by <italic>Leishmania donovani<\/italic>-infected human macrophages","volume":"195","author":"R Basu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2004.11.002","article-title":"Immunopathogenesis of infection with the visceralising <italic>Leishmania<\/italic> species","volume":"38","author":"ME Wilson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"77","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis. Persistence of parasites in lymph nodes after clinical cure","volume":"47","author":"J Dereure","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(88)90139-3","article-title":"Lymphatic leishmaniasis in India","volume":"82","author":"A Nandy","year":"1988","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref60","first-page":"607","article-title":"Morphology of the spleen and lymph nodes in fatal visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"33","author":"B Veress","year":"1977","journal-title":"Immunol"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.1.401-410.2003","article-title":"Intradermal infection model for pathogenesis and vaccine studies of murine visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"71","author":"S Ahmed","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2010.108","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 regulated tyrosine phosphatases induce lymphocyte apoptosis in <italic>Leishmania donovani<\/italic>-infected hamsters","volume":"89","author":"R Banerjee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200010053431407","article-title":"T-cell function and migration. Two sides of the same coin","volume":"343","author":"UH von Andrian","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2003.06.002","article-title":"Safety, immunogenecity, and efficacy of an autoclaved <italic>Leishmania amazonensis<\/italic> vaccine plus BCG adjuvant against New World cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"22","author":"RX Armijos","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.05.042","article-title":"Leishmanial antigens in liposomes promote protective immunity and provide immunotherapy against visceral leishmaniasis via polarized Th1 response","volume":"25","author":"S Bhowmick","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1992.tb00005.x","article-title":"Selective inability of spleen antigen presenting cells from <italic>Leishmania donovani<\/italic> infected hamsters to mediate specific T cell proliferation to parasite antigens","volume":"14","author":"V Rodrigues Jr","year":"1992","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182097002175","article-title":"Vaccination of langur monkeys (Presbytis entellus) against <italic>Leishmania donovani<\/italic> with autoclaved <italic>L. major<\/italic> plus BCG","volume":"116","author":"A Dube","year":"1998","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3776","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.9.3776-3783.2005","article-title":"Use of <italic>L. donovani<\/italic> field isolates expressing luciferase reporter gene in <italic>in vitro<\/italic> drug screening","volume":"49","author":"GS Ashutosh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0094596","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T03:45:34Z","timestamp":1689133534000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0094596"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Bhaskar","family":"Saha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,14]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0094596","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,14]]}}}