{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:40:34Z","timestamp":1791355234706,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,14]],"date-time":"2014-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1397433600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,14]],"date-time":"2014-04-14T20:36:34Z","timestamp":1397507794000},"page":"e94687","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["A Rosemary Extract Rich in Carnosic Acid Selectively Modulates Caecum Microbiota and Inhibits \u03b2-Glucosidase Activity, Altering Fiber and Short Chain Fatty Acids Fecal Excretion in Lean and Obese Female Rats"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Romo-Vaquero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda-Victoria","family":"Selma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar","family":"Larrosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Obiol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"Garc\u00eda-Villalba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Barrio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Issaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Flanagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Roller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco A.","family":"Tom\u00e1s-Barber\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda-Teresa","family":"Garc\u00eda-Conesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.5223\/pghn.2013.16.3.143","article-title":"Obesity, inflammation and diet","volume":"16","author":"H Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-012-9862-x","article-title":"Causes of obesity","volume":"37","author":"SM Wright","year":"2012","journal-title":"Abdom Imaging"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2013.03.007","article-title":"Diabetes, obesity and gut microbiota","volume":"27","author":"A Everard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2013.03.017","article-title":"Nutrition, the gut microbiome and the metabolic syndrome","volume":"27","author":"P Kovatcheva-Datchary","year":"2013","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2012.09.002","article-title":"The role of gut microbiota in human obesity: recent findings and future perspectives","volume":"23","author":"A Tagliabue","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3050","article-title":"The abundance and variety of carbohydrate-active enzymes in the human gut microbiota","volume":"11","author":"A El Kaoutari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS19960087","article-title":"Fermentation of non-digestible oligosaccharides by human colonic bacteria","volume":"55","author":"GR Gibson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R036012","article-title":"The role of short- chain fatty acids in the interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism","volume":"54","author":"G den Besten","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"den Besten G, Lange K, Havinga R, van Dijk TH, Gerding A, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2013) Gut-derived short-chain fatty acids are vividly assimilated into host carbohydrates and lipids. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. Epub ahead of print, PMID:24136789.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00265.2013"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-24716-3_11","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota and obesity","volume":"209","author":"M Blaut","year":"2012","journal-title":"Handb Exp Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1038\/4441022a","article-title":"Microbial ecology: human gut microbes associated with obesity","volume":"21","author":"RE Ley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05414","article-title":"An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest","volume":"21","author":"PJ Turnbaugh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2011.0020","article-title":"Prebiotics to manage the microbial control of energy homeostasis","volume":"2","author":"C Grootaert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Benef Microbes"},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"FAO (2008) FAO Technical Meeting on Prebiotics. Rome, Italy: FAO: 1\u201312."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114510003363","article-title":"Prebiotic effects: metabolic and health benefits","volume":"104","author":"M Roberfroid","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5041417","article-title":"Fiber and prebiotics: mechanisms and health benefits","volume":"5","author":"J Slavin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6485","DOI":"10.1021\/jf902107d","article-title":"Interaction between phenolics and gut microbiota: role in human health","volume":"57","author":"MV Selma","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e39773","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039773","article-title":"Inhibition of gastric lipase as a mechanism for body weight and plasma lipids reduction in Zucker rats fed a rosemary extract rich in carnosic acid","volume":"7","author":"M Romo-Vaquero","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"A rosemary extract enriched in carnosic acid improves circulating adipocytokines and modulates key metabolic sensors in lean Zucker rats: Critical and contrasting differences in the obese genotype","author":"M Romo-Vaquero","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Bailey DT, Richheimer SL, Bank VR, King BT (1999) High purity carnosic acid from rosemary and sage extracts by pH-controlled precipitation. US patent 5.859.293."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201300052","article-title":"Bioavailability of the major bioactive diterpenoids in a rosemary extract: metabolic profile in the intestine, liver, plasma, and brain of Zucker rats","volume":"57","author":"M Romo-Vaquero","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.7.1862","article-title":"The prenylflavonoid isoxanthohumol from hops (Humulus lupulus L.) is activated into the potent phytoestrogen 8-prenylnaringenin in vitro and in the human intestine","volume":"136","author":"S Possemiers","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2009.00671.x","article-title":"Comparative assessment of human and farm animal faecal microbiota using real-time quantitative PCR","volume":"68","author":"JP Furet","year":"2009","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Ecol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1099\/13500872-142-5-1097","article-title":"Application of a suite of 16S rRNA- specific oligonucleotide probes designed to investigate bacteria of the phylum cytophaga -flavobacter- bacteroides in the natural environment","volume":"142","author":"W Manz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"27","article-title":"Variations of bacterial populations in human feces measured by fluorescent in situ hybridization with group-specific 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes","volume":"3336\u201345","author":"AH Franks","year":"1998","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol 64"},{"key":"ref26","unstructured":"AOAC (1999) Official methods of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemist. Washington, DC USA."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201101121","article-title":"Alternative method for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of short\u2013chain fatty acids in faecal samples","volume":"35","author":"R Garc\u00eda-Villalba","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Sep Sci"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2006.05.010","article-title":"Cecal parameters of rats fed diets containing grapefruit polyphenols and inulin as single supplements or in a combination","volume":"22","author":"Z Zdu\u0144czyk","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.014","article-title":"Fructo-oligosaccharides enhance the mineral absorption and counteract the adverse effects of phytic acid in mice","volume":"26","author":"Y Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2008.00520.x","article-title":"Distribution of beta-glucosidase and beta- glucuronidase activity and of beta-glucuronidase gene gus in human colonic bacteria","volume":"66","author":"M Dabek","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Ecol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2775","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-0227","article-title":"Responses of gut microbiota and glucose and lipid metabolism to prebiotics in genetic obese and diet-induced leptin-resistant mice","volume":"60","author":"A Everard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11070","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504978102","article-title":"Obesity alters gut microbial ecology","volume":"102","author":"RE Ley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2011.00149","article-title":"Altered gut microbiota and endocannabinoid system tone in obese and diabetic leptin-resistant mice: impact on apelin regulation in adipose tissue","volume":"2","author":"L Geurts","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2361","DOI":"10.1021\/pr8009885","article-title":"Top-down systems biology modeling of host metabotype-microbiome associations in obese rodents","volume":"8","author":"A Waldram","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17996","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017996","article-title":"Depletion of murine intestinal microbiota: effects on gut mucosa and epithelial gene expression","volume":"6","author":"DH Reikvam","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2011.12.007","article-title":"Antibiotics conspicuously affect community profiles and richness, but not the density of bacterial cells associated with mucosa in the large and small intestines of mice","volume":"18","author":"NJ Puhl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-300705","article-title":"Divergent metabolic outcomes arising from targeted manipulation of the gut microbiota in diet\u2013 induced obesity","volume":"62","author":"EF Murphy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9603","DOI":"10.1021\/jf302881t","article-title":"Relevance of carnosic acid, carnosol, and rosmarinic acid concentrations in the in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Rosmarinus officinalis (L.) methanolic extracts","volume":"60","author":"MJ Jord\u00e1n","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2374","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-007-0791-0","article-title":"Selective increases of bifidobacteria in gut microflora improve high-fat diet-induced diabetes in mice through a mechanism associated with endotoxaemia","volume":"50","author":"PD Cani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"Bifidobacterium CECT 7765 improves metabolic and immunological alterations associated with obesity in high-fat diet-fed mice","author":"PG Cano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1993.tb38739.x","article-title":"Genetic differences in adipose tissue metabolism and regulation","volume":"676","author":"MR Greenwood","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s12263-011-0230-1","article-title":"Obesity and the gut microbiota: does up\u2013 regulating colonic fermentation protect against obesity and metabolic disease?","volume":"6(3)","author":"L Conterno","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genes Nutr August"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"28","article-title":"Suppressive effect of short\u2013 chain fatty acids on production of proinflammatory mediators by neutrophils","volume":"849\u201355","author":"MA Vinolo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem 22"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511007252","article-title":"Xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) in combination with inulin modulates both the intestinal environment and immune status in healthy subjects, while XOS alone only shows prebiotic properties","volume":"108","author":"JM Lecerf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2013.09.012","article-title":"Microbial modulation of energy availability in the colon regulates intestinal transit","volume":"14","author":"A Wichmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2637002100","article-title":"Short- chain fatty acids stimulate leptin production in adipocytes through the G protein-coupled receptor GPR41","volume":"101","author":"Y Xiong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(95)90265-1","article-title":"Effect of cyclodextrin on plasma lipids and cholesterol metabolism in the rat","volume":"44","author":"ML Favier","year":"1995","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2013.05.001","article-title":"Benefits of polyphenols on gut microbiota and implications in human health","volume":"24","author":"F Cardona","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114512002206","article-title":"Polyphenol-rich extract of pomegranate peel alleviates tissue inflammation and hypercholesterolaemia in high-fat diet- induced obese mice: potential implication of the gut microbiota","volume":"109","author":"AM Neyrinck","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2009.04.012","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory properties of a pomegranate extract and its metabolite urolithin-A in a colitis rat model and the effect of colon inflammation on phenolic metabolism","volume":"21","author":"M Larrosa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8134","DOI":"10.1021\/jf402495k","article-title":"Differential modulation of human intestinal bifidobacterium populations after consumption of a wild blueberry (<italic>Vaccinium angustifolium<\/italic>) drink","volume":"61","author":"S Guglielmetti","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.3145","article-title":"The ability of green tea to positively modulate key markers of gastrointestinal function in rats","volume":"24","author":"AL Molan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1021\/jf803638d","article-title":"Effect of a low dose of dietary resveratrol on colon microbiota, inflammation and tissue damage in a DSS-induced colitis rat model","volume":"57","author":"M Larrosa","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0094687","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]],"date-time":"2020-08-17T20:15:50Z","timestamp":1597695350000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0094687"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Gunnar","family":"Loh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,14]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0094687","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,14]]}}}