{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:14:29Z","timestamp":1791389669098,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,23]],"date-time":"2014-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398211200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0095414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,23]],"date-time":"2014-04-23T22:33:44Z","timestamp":1398292424000},"page":"e95414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["Culture-Independent Evaluation of the Appendix and Rectum Microbiomes in Children with and without Appendicitis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Hope T.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel F.","family":"Mongodin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine P.","family":"Davenport","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire M.","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony D.","family":"Sandler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven L.","family":"Zeichner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1309.015","article-title":"Bacterial translocation in the normal human appendix parallels the development of the local immune system","volume":"1029","author":"JO Gebbers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041849","article-title":"Positive selection of the peripheral B cell repertoire in gut-associated lymphoid tissues","volume":"201","author":"KJ Rhee","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2007.08.032","article-title":"Biofilms in the large bowel suggest an apparent function of the human vermiform appendix","volume":"249","author":"R Randal Bollinger","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.2.1118","article-title":"Role of commensal bacteria in development of gut-associated lymphoid tissues and preimmune antibody repertoire","volume":"172","author":"KJ Rhee","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"Fitz R (1886) Perforating inflammation of the vermiform appendix. Philadelphia, PA: Wm. J. Dornan, Printer. 74 p."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4374.597","article-title":"Acute appendicitis, treated with penicilin","volume":"2","author":"M Kalisova","year":"1944","journal-title":"Brit Med J"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2004.02.029","article-title":"National estimates of hospital utilization by children with gastrointestinal disorders: analysis of the 1997 kids&apos; inpatient database","volume":"144","author":"S Guthery","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Peds"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115734","article-title":"The epidemiology of appendicitis and appendectomy in the United States","volume":"132","author":"D Addiss","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-199004000-00002","article-title":"What causes appendicitis?","volume":"12","author":"A Walker","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/23.1.155","article-title":"Appendicectomy for acute appendicitis and for other conditions: an epidemiological study","volume":"23","author":"P Primatesta","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198507000-00013","article-title":"The prevalence of appendiceal fecaliths in patients with and without appendicitis. A comparative study from Canada and South Africa","volume":"202","author":"B Jones","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Surgery"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"185","article-title":"Appendiceal calculi and fecaliths as indications for appendectomy","volume":"171","author":"S Nitecki","year":"1990","journal-title":"Surgery, Gynecol & Obstet"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800520613","article-title":"Appendix calculi and acute appendicitis","volume":"52","author":"R Shaw","year":"1965","journal-title":"Brit J Surg"},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"Gearhart S (2008) Acute Appendicitis. In: Fauci A BE, Kasper D, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J editor. Harrison&apos;s Principles of Internal Medicine. 17 ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 1914\u20131917."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38940.664363.AE","article-title":"Acute appendicitis","volume":"333","author":"D Humes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brit Med J"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.4.438","article-title":"Does this child have appendicitis?","volume":"298","author":"D Bundy","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198008000-00014","article-title":"Bacterial studies of peritoneal cavity and postoperative surgical wound drainage following perforated appendix in children","volume":"192","author":"I Brook","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198411000-00003","article-title":"The bacteriology and septic complication of patients with appendicitis","volume":"200","author":"WY Lau","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.27.12.997","article-title":"Bacterial flora of the appendix fossa in appendicitis and postoperative wound infection","volume":"27","author":"DA Leigh","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.63.5.536","article-title":"Quantitative bacterial flora of acute appendicitis","volume":"63","author":"JP Roberts","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"3405","article-title":"Bilophila wadsworthia, gen. nov. and sp. nov., a unique gram-negative anaerobic rod recovered from appendicitis specimens and human faeces","volume":"135","author":"EJ Baron","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Gen Microbiol"},{"key":"ref22","volume":"4","unstructured":"Guinane CM, Tadrous A, Fouhy F, Ryan CA, Dempsey EM, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2013) Microbial composition of human appendices from patients following appendectomy. MBio <volume>4<\/volume>.."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2009.191320","article-title":"Acute appendicitis is characterised by local invasion with Fusobacterium nucleatum\/necrophorum","volume":"60","author":"A Swidsinski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1080\/03009740310000337","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis: proposal for the use of anti-microbial therapy in early cases","volume":"32","author":"A Ebringer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1981.tb02023.x","article-title":"The predominant cultivable dental plaque flora of beagle dogs with periodontitis","volume":"8","author":"SA Syed","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4765","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.180.18.4765-4774.1998","article-title":"Impact of culture-independent studies on the emerging phylogenetic view of bacterial diversity","volume":"180","author":"P Hugenholtz","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506655103","article-title":"Molecular analysis of the bacterial microbiota in the human stomach","volume":"103","author":"EM Bik","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Nat Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46075-0","article-title":"Detection of potentially novel bacterial components of the human skin microbiota using culture-independent molecular profiling","volume":"54","author":"I Dekio","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1110591","article-title":"Diversity of the human intestinal microbial flora","volume":"308","author":"PB Eckburg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e43052","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043052","article-title":"Analysis of the gut microbiota in the old order Amish and its relation to the metabolic syndrome","volume":"7","author":"ML Zupancic","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-356","article-title":"CloVR: a virtual machine for automated and portable sequence analysis from the desktop using cloud computing","volume":"12","author":"SV Angiuoli","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.2307\/1942268","article-title":"An ordination of the upland forest communities of southern Wisconsin","volume":"27","author":"JR Bray","year":"1957","journal-title":"Ecol Monogr"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3354\/meps008037","article-title":"A practical strategy for analyzing multispecies distribution patterns","volume":"8","author":"JG Field","year":"1982","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e177","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0050177","article-title":"Development of the human infant intestinal microbiota","volume":"5","author":"C Palmer","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2011.02427.x","article-title":"Evidence for the possible involvement of Selenomonas ruminantium in rumen fiber digestion","volume":"325","author":"S Sawanon","year":"2011","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2012.01485.x","article-title":"Levels of Selenomonas species in generalized aggressive periodontitis","volume":"47","author":"LF Goncalves","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Periodont Res"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.117.3.1248-1260.1974","article-title":"Two pathways of glutamate fermentation by anaerobic bacteria","volume":"117","author":"W Buckel","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70089-0","article-title":"Lemierre&apos;s syndrome due to Fusobacterium necrophorum","volume":"12","author":"K Kuppalli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.1992.tb00584.x","article-title":"Associations between microbial species in dental root canal infections","volume":"7","author":"G Sundqvist","year":"1992","journal-title":"Oral Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S1075-9964(95)80340-8","article-title":"Anaerobic infections in humans: an overview","volume":"1","author":"SM Finegold","year":"1995","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.1.81","article-title":"Gram-positive anaerobic cocci","volume":"11","author":"DA Murdoch","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e64212","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064212","article-title":"Differential response of the cynomolgus macaque gut microbiota to Shigella infection","volume":"8","author":"AM Seekatz","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3401","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.7.3401-3407.2002","article-title":"Mucosa-associated bacteria in the human gastrointestinal tract are uniformly distributed along the colon and differ from the community recovered from feces","volume":"68","author":"EG Zoetendal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s12263-011-0229-7","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota in human health and disease: the impact of probiotics","volume":"6","author":"J Gerritsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genes Nutr"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1136\/mp.55.3.182","article-title":"Identification by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of Arcobacter butzleri bacteraemia in a patient with acute gangrenous appendicitis","volume":"55","author":"SK Lau","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Pathol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1139\/w05-003","article-title":"A survey of the methods for the characterization of microbial consortia and communities","volume":"51","author":"D Spiegelman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Canad J Microbiol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2597","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.05118-11","article-title":"Fusobacterium nucleatum infection of colonic cells stimulates MUC2 mucin and tumor necrosis factor alpha","volume":"79","author":"P Dharmani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-011811-132421","article-title":"Human microbiome in health and disease","volume":"7","author":"KJ Pflughoeft","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08821","article-title":"A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing","volume":"464","author":"J Qin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0095414","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]],"date-time":"2020-08-18T08:31:33Z","timestamp":1597739493000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0095414"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Paredes-Sabja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,23]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0095414","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,23]]}}}