{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T13:00:57Z","timestamp":1780405257599,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,8]],"date-time":"2014-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1399507200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0096952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,8]],"date-time":"2014-05-08T18:20:42Z","timestamp":1399573242000},"page":"e96952","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Induces Myopic Development by Activating Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 in Guinea Pigs"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Minjie","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yishan","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhui","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renyuan","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60272-4","article-title":"Myopia","volume":"379","author":"IG Morgan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(94)00244-G","article-title":"The effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide on development of form deprivation myopia in the chick: a pharmacological and immunocytochemical study","volume":"35","author":"RL Seltner","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2012.08.004","article-title":"Ambient illuminance, retinal dopamine release and refractive development in chicks","volume":"103","author":"Y Cohen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0298","article-title":"Change in the synthesis rates of ocular retinoic acid and scleral glycosaminoglycan during experimentally altered eye growth in marmosets","volume":"47","author":"D Troilo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0851","article-title":"Relative axial myopia in Egr-1 (ZENK) knockout mice","volume":"48","author":"R Schippert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-5155(00)00360-9","article-title":"Altered expression of genes in experimentally induced myopic chick eyes","volume":"45","author":"S Akamatsu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.2000.0898","article-title":"Expression of Sonic hedgehog and retinal opsin genes in experimentally-induced myopic chick eyes","volume":"71","author":"MF Esca\u00f1o","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1080\/02713680903003492","article-title":"Sonic hedgehog expression and its role in form-deprivation myopia in mice","volume":"34","author":"YS Qian","year":"2009","journal-title":"Current Eye Research"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"2067","article-title":"The time course of changes in mRNA levels in tree shrew sclera during induced myopia and recovery.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci","volume":"43","author":"JT Siegwart Jr","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3484","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0194","article-title":"Selective regulation of MMP and TIMP mRNA levels in tree shrew sclera during minus lens compensation and recovery","volume":"46","author":"JT Siegwart Jr","year":"2005","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(02)00063-0","article-title":"RoIe of the scIera in the deveIopment and pathoIogicaI compIications of myopia","volume":"22","author":"NA McBrien","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9525(96)10051-2","article-title":"The world according to hedgehog","volume":"13","author":"M Hammerschmidt","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90381-X","article-title":"The long and short of hedgehog signaling","volume":"81","author":"RL Johnson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgm281","article-title":"Sonic hedgehog signaling promotes motility and invasiveness of gastric cancer cells through TGF-beta-mediated activation of the ALK5-Smad 3 pathway","volume":"29","author":"YA Yoo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2008.00822.x","article-title":"Gli1 contributes to the invasiveness of pancreatic cancer through matrix metalloproteinase-9 activation","volume":"99","author":"S Nagai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgs274","article-title":"Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway induces cell migration and invasion through focal adhesion kinase\/AKT signaling-mediated activation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in liver cancer","volume":"34","author":"JS Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2004.03.011","article-title":"A paraxial schematic eye model for the growing C57BL\/6 mouse","volume":"44","author":"C Schmucker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vis Res"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7061","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-11-1338","article-title":"Sonic hedgehog pathway promotes metastasis and lymphangiogenesis via activation of Akt, EMT, and MMP-9 pathway in gastric cancer","volume":"71","author":"YA Yoo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"2608","article-title":"Effects of intravitreal insulin and insulin signaling cascade inhibitors on emmetropization in the chick","volume":"18","author":"AM Penha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00181998","article-title":"Scleral cell growth is influenced by retinal pigment epithelium in vitro","volume":"232","author":"Y Seko","year":"1994","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6456","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-9658","article-title":"Effects of simvastatin on the expression of heme oxygenase-1 in human RPE cells","volume":"53","author":"KJ Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.2741\/S398","article-title":"Migration of retinal pigment epithelial cells is EGFR\/PI3K\/AKT dependent","volume":"5","author":"L Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Biosci (Schol Ed)"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"3072","article-title":"IL-17A stimulates the production of inflammatory mediators via Erk1\/2, p38 MAPK, PI3K\/Akt, and NF-\u03baB pathways in ARPE-19 cells","volume":"17","author":"Y Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4607","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.01298","article-title":"The hedgehog pathway is a modulator of retina regeneration","volume":"131","author":"JR Spence","year":"2004","journal-title":"Development"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0096952","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,22]],"date-time":"2018-10-22T13:08:17Z","timestamp":1540213697000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0096952"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Demetrios","family":"Vavvas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,8]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0096952","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,8]]}}}