{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T13:58:09Z","timestamp":1791295089079,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,23]],"date-time":"2014-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1400803200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0097570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,23]],"date-time":"2014-05-23T20:23:49Z","timestamp":1400876629000},"page":"e97570","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Molecular Basis of Impaired Glycogen Metabolism during Ischemic Stroke and Hypoxia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Mohammed Iqbal","family":"Hossain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carli Lorraine","family":"Roulston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David Ian","family":"Stapleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2226","article-title":"Degeneration and repair in central nervous system disease","volume":"16","author":"EH Lo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.07.002","article-title":"The science of stroke: mechanisms in search of treatments","volume":"67","author":"MA Moskowitz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1999.79.4.1431","article-title":"Ischemic cell death in brain neurons","volume":"79","author":"P Lipton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1038\/nn2004","article-title":"Astrocyte metabolism and signaling during brain ischemia","volume":"10","author":"DJ Rossi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524024605761","article-title":"Glycogen and its metabolism","volume":"2","author":"PJ Roach","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Mol Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20111416","article-title":"Glycogen and its metabolism: some new developments and old themes","volume":"441","author":"PJ Roach","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5581","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-13-05581.2002","article-title":"Brain glycogen decreases with increased periods of wakefulness: implications for homeostatic drive to sleep","volume":"22","author":"J Kong","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.106.115550","article-title":"Astrocyte glycogen sustains neuronal activity during hypoglycemia: studies with the glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor CP-316,819 ([R-R*,S*]-5-chloro-N-[2-hydroxy-3-(methoxymethylamino)-3-oxo-1-(phenylmethyl)pro pyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxamide)","volume":"321","author":"SW Suh","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20377","article-title":"Inhibition of glycogenolysis in astrocytes interrupts memory consolidation in young chickens","volume":"54","author":"ME Gibbs","year":"2006","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6417","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.101129298","article-title":"Cerebral energetics and the glycogen shunt: neurochemical basis of functional imaging","volume":"98","author":"RG Shulman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20573","article-title":"Transfer of glycogen-derived lactate from astrocytes to axons via specific monocarboxylate transporters supports mouse optic nerve activity","volume":"81","author":"SB Tekkok","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(00)01369-0","article-title":"Glycogen is mobilized during the disposal of peroxides by cultured astroglial cells from rat brain","volume":"290","author":"B Rahman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20335","article-title":"Astrocyte glycogen metabolism is required for neural activity during aglycemia or intense stimulation in mouse white matter","volume":"79","author":"AM Brown","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.05939.x","article-title":"What learning in day-old chickens can teach a neurochemist: focus on astrocyte metabolism","volume":"109","author":"L Hertz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2003.09.044","article-title":"Reciprocal changes in forebrain contents of glycogen and of glutamate\/glutamine during early memory consolidation in the day-old chick","volume":"994","author":"L Hertz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600521","article-title":"Supply and demand in cerebral energy metabolism: the role of nutrient transporters","volume":"27","author":"IA Simpson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06003.x","article-title":"The in vivo neuron-to-astrocyte lactate shuttle in human brain: evidence from modeling of measured lactate levels during visual stimulation","volume":"109","author":"S Mangia","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2010.151","article-title":"Glycogenolysis in astrocytes supports blood-borne glucose channeling not glycogen-derived lactate shuttling to neurons: evidence from mathematical modeling","volume":"30","author":"M DiNuzzo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2009.232","article-title":"Changes in glucose uptake rather than lactate shuttle take center stage in subserving neuroenergetics: evidence from mathematical modeling","volume":"30","author":"M DiNuzzo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2432","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-012-0802-5","article-title":"The role of astrocytic glycogen in supporting the energetics of neuronal activity","volume":"37","author":"M Dinuzzo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-012-0938-3","article-title":"Requirement of glycogenolysis for uptake of increased extracellular K+ in astrocytes: potential implications for K+ homeostasis and glycogen usage in brain","volume":"38","author":"J Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1053\/j.anndiagpath.2004.01.002","article-title":"Clear cell (glycogen-rich) gastric adenocarcinoma","volume":"8","author":"D Govender","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1159\/000069051","article-title":"Hypoxic preconditioning increases brain glycogen and delays energy depletion from hypoxia-ischemia in the immature rat","volume":"24","author":"RM Brucklacher","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dev Neurosci"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2805-9","article-title":"Attenuation of Armanni-Ebstein lesions in a rat model of diabetes by a new anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory agent, FT011","volume":"56","author":"X Lau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(07)82003-4","article-title":"Glutamate release from astrocytes in physiological conditions and in neurodegenerative disorders characterized by neuroinflammation","volume":"82","author":"S Vesce","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int Rev Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.01.046","article-title":"Using behaviour to predict stroke severity in conscious rats: post-stroke treatment with 3\u2032, 4\u2032-dihydroxyflavonol improves recovery","volume":"584","author":"CL Roulston","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9696","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.419713","article-title":"A truncated fragment of Src protein kinase generated by calpain-mediated cleavage is a mediator of neuronal death in excitotoxicity","volume":"288","author":"MI Hossain","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"648061","article-title":"Targeting oxidative stress injury after ischemic stroke in conscious rats: limited benefits with apocynin highlight the need to incorporate long term recovery","volume":"2013","author":"RM Weston","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stroke Res Treat"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9579","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2604-06.2006","article-title":"Regulation of store-operated calcium entry by calcium-independent phospholipase A2 in rat cerebellar astrocytes","volume":"26","author":"K Singaravelu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-6606-6-9","article-title":"Role of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 signaling and homer in oxygen glucose deprivation-mediated astrocyte apoptosis","volume":"6","author":"M Paquet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Brain"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(68)90127-9","article-title":"A rapid filter paper assay for UDPglucose-glycogen glucosyltransferase, including an improved biosynthesis of UDP-14C-glucose","volume":"25","author":"JA Thomas","year":"1968","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.12.005","article-title":"Acetylation negatively regulates glycogen phosphorylase by recruiting protein phosphatase 1","volume":"15","author":"T Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2008.05250.x","article-title":"Characterization of 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-arabinitol (DAB) as an inhibitor of brain glycogen shunt activity","volume":"105","author":"AB Walls","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2007.04600.x","article-title":"Constitutively active calcineurin mediates delayed neuronal death through Fas-ligand expression via activation of NFAT and FKHR transcriptional activities in mouse brain ischemia","volume":"102","author":"N Shioda","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.39.070170.003231","article-title":"Glycogen metabolism and glycolytic enzymes","volume":"39","author":"C Villar-Palasi","year":"1970","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2013.08.004","article-title":"Regulatory mechanisms for glycogenolysis and K+ uptake in brain astrocytes","volume":"63","author":"M DiNuzzo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01611733","article-title":"Cytochemical identification of cerebral glycogen and glucose-6-phosphatase activity under normal and experimental conditions. II. Choroid plexus and ependymal epithelia, endothelia and pericytes","volume":"15","author":"AM Cataldo","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Neurocytol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1106","article-title":"Mechanisms, challenges and opportunities in stroke","volume":"4","author":"EH Lo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1089\/0897715041269623","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury elevates glycogen and induces tolerance to ischemia in rat brain","volume":"21","author":"T Otori","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.2174\/1389557511009011188","article-title":"Pharmacological manipulation of brain glycogenolysis as a therapeutic approach to cerebral ischemia","volume":"10","author":"L Xu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mini Rev Med Chem"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1097\/00003677-200407000-00008","article-title":"Novel aspects of skeletal muscle glycogen and its regulation during rest and exercise","volume":"32","author":"J Shearer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.08.032","article-title":"Metabolic communication between astrocytes and neurons via bicarbonate-responsive soluble adenylyl cyclase","volume":"75","author":"HB Choi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3109\/10409238909082552","article-title":"The family of glycogen phosphorylases: structure and function","volume":"24","author":"CB Newgard","year":"1989","journal-title":"Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000121644.82596.7e","article-title":"Hypoxia\/ischemia modulates G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 and beta-arrestin-1 levels in the neonatal rat brain","volume":"35","author":"MS Lombardi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11628","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)50248-4","article-title":"Visual arrestin interaction with rhodopsin. Sequential multisite binding ensures strict selectivity toward light-activated phosphorylated rhodopsin","volume":"268","author":"VV Gurevich","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.262787199","article-title":"beta-Arrestin-mediated PDE4 cAMP phosphodiesterase recruitment regulates beta-adrenoceptor switching from Gs to Gi","volume":"100","author":"GS Baillie","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.9.2.7781920","article-title":"Protein kinases that phosphorylate activated G protein-coupled receptors","volume":"9","author":"RT Premont","year":"1995","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.69.022405.154712","article-title":"Regulation of receptor trafficking by GRKs and arrestins","volume":"69","author":"CA Moore","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1038\/35094577","article-title":"Classical and new roles of beta-arrestins in the regulation of G-protein-coupled receptors","volume":"2","author":"KL Pierce","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2010.01.011","article-title":"Astrocytic beta(2)-adrenergic receptors: from physiology to pathology","volume":"91","author":"G Laureys","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-012-9742-4","article-title":"beta2-adrenergic receptor and astrocyte glucose metabolism","volume":"48","author":"JH Dong","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1978","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-0226","article-title":"Human brain glycogen metabolism during and after hypoglycemia","volume":"58","author":"G Oz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024980710799","article-title":"Mechanism of glycogen supercompensation in rat skeletal muscle cultures","volume":"250","author":"LK Mamedova","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6804","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-18-06804.2000","article-title":"Astrocytic glycogen influences axon function and survival during glucose deprivation in central white matter","volume":"20","author":"R Wender","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.2337\/db12-1025","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 protects against cardiac microvascular injury in diabetes via a cAMP\/PKA\/Rho-dependent mechanism","volume":"62","author":"D Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4537","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.133751","article-title":"Local cAMP signaling in disease at a glance","volume":"126","author":"MG Gold","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5479.625","article-title":"Soluble adenylyl cyclase as an evolutionarily conserved bicarbonate sensor","volume":"289","author":"Y Chen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4923","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.12-12-04923.1992","article-title":"Vasoactive intestinal peptide and noradrenaline exert long-term control on glycogen levels in astrocytes: blockade by protein synthesis inhibition","volume":"12","author":"O Sorg","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2003.11.005","article-title":"Energy transfer from astrocytes to axons: the role of CNS glycogen","volume":"45","author":"AM Brown","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2320","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200900628","article-title":"Analysis of hepatic glycogen-associated proteins","volume":"10","author":"D Stapleton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.08.080","article-title":"AMP-activated protein kinase does not associate with glycogen alpha-particles from rat liver","volume":"362","author":"GJ Parker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0106173","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,18]],"date-time":"2014-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1408320000000}}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0097570","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]],"date-time":"2022-04-04T14:03:03Z","timestamp":1649080983000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0097570"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jonathan A.","family":"Coles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,23]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0097570","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,23]]}}}