{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T17:20:12Z","timestamp":1758820812151},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,3]],"date-time":"2014-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401753600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,3]],"date-time":"2014-06-03T20:27:38Z","timestamp":1401827258000},"page":"e98405","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Antidepressant Sales and the Risk for Alcohol-Related and Non-Alcohol-Related Suicide in Finland\u2014An Individual-Level Population Study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Heta","family":"Moustgaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaisla","family":"Joutsenniemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikko","family":"Myrskyl\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pekka","family":"Martikainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1080\/10673220701551102","article-title":"Ecological Studies of Antidepressant Treatment and Suicidal Risks","volume":"15","author":"RJ Baldessarini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Harv Rev Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2006.12.002","article-title":"The sales of antidepressants and suicide rates in Norway and its counties 1980\u20132004","volume":"102","author":"JG Bramness","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.188.4.354","article-title":"Relationship between antidepressant sales and secular trends in suicide rates in the Nordic countries","volume":"188","author":"S Reseland","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.173.1.11","article-title":"Excess mortality of mental disorder","volume":"173","author":"EC Harris","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry J Ment Sci"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.109.076166","article-title":"The increased use of antidepressants has contributed to the worldwide reduction in suicide rates","volume":"196","author":"G Isacsson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2006.09.024","article-title":"Do antidepressants reduce suicide rates?","volume":"121","author":"DJ Safer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.330.7488.385","article-title":"Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and suicide in adults: meta-analysis of drug company data from placebo controlled, randomised controlled trials submitted to the MHRA's safety review","volume":"330","author":"D Gunnell","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.330.7488.396","article-title":"Association between suicide attempts and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: systematic review of randomised controlled trials","volume":"330","author":"D Fergusson","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.081514","article-title":"Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and risk of suicide: a systematic review of observational studies","volume":"180","author":"C Barbui","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dahlberg M, Lundin D (2005) Antidepressants and the suicide rate: is there really a connection? In: Lindgren B, Grossman M, editors. Substance Use: Individual Behaviour, Social Interactions, Markets and Politics. Advances in Health Economics and Health Services Research. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Vol. 16. pp. 121\u2013141.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0731-2199(05)16006-3"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.2.165","article-title":"The Relationship Between Antidepressant Medication Use and Rate of Suicide","volume":"62","author":"RD Gibbons","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(02)00408-2","article-title":"Why are suicide rates rising in young men but falling in the elderly?\u2014a time-series analysis of trends in England and Wales 1950\u20131998","volume":"57","author":"D Gunnell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v65n1103","article-title":"Antidepressants and suicide risk in the United States, 1985-1999","volume":"65","author":"MF Grunebaum","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2003.03.005","article-title":"Antidepressant prescribing and suicide rate in Northern Ireland","volume":"18","author":"CB Kelly","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v68n0403","article-title":"Use of antidepressants and suicide rate in Finland: An ecological study","volume":"68","author":"J Korkeila","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2009.02.002","article-title":"Anti-depressants and suicide","volume":"28","author":"J Ludwig","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Health Econ"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e66455","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066455","article-title":"Antidepressant Utilization and Suicide in Europe: An Ecological Multi-National Study","volume":"8","author":"R Gusm\u00e3o","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.04.006","article-title":"The role of socioeconomic indicators on non-alcohol and alcohol-associated suicide mortality among women in Finland. A register-based follow-up study of 12 million person-years","volume":"68","author":"N M\u00e4ki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s10680-007-9147-1","article-title":"The effects of education, social class and income on non-alcohol- and alcohol-associated suicide mortality: A register-based study of Finnish men aged 25-64","volume":"24","author":"NE M\u00e4ki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Popul"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291706009457","article-title":"Social inequalities in antidepressant treatment and mortality: a longitudinal register study","volume":"37","author":"M Kivim\u00e4ki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.12.008","article-title":"Alcohol-related deaths and social factors in depression mortality: a register-based follow-up of depressed in-patients and antidepressant users in Finland","volume":"148","author":"H Moustgaard","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"National Agency for Medicines and Social Insurance Institution (1996) Finnish Statistics on Medicines 1995. Helsinki: National Agency for Medicines and Social Insurance Institution."},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"National Agency for Medicines and Social Insurance Institution (2008) Finnish Statistics on Medicines 2007. Helsinki: National Agency for Medicines and Social Insurance Institution."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-10-62","article-title":"The relationship between sales of SSRI, TCA and suicide rates in the Nordic countries","volume":"10","author":"P-H Zahl","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s4","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.179.42.s4","article-title":"Clinical importance of long-term antidepressant treatment","volume":"179","author":"RMA Hirschfeld","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allison PD (2009) Fixed Effects Regression Models. Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences.Los Angeles et al.: Sage.","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412993869"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2004.017459","article-title":"Poisson regression analysis of ungrouped data","volume":"62","author":"D Loomis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"StataCorp (2009) Stata Statistical Software: Release 11. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP."},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"31","article-title":"Suicide prevention in Finland 1986\u20131996. External evaluation by an international peer group","volume":"30","author":"J Beskow","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychiatr Fenn"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.01.012","article-title":"Antidepressant utilisation patterns and determinants of short-term and non-psychiatric use in the Finnish general adult population","volume":"110","author":"S Sihvo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2006.07.003","article-title":"Indications for antidepressant drug prescribing in general practice in the Netherlands","volume":"98","author":"H Gardarsdottir","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2000.102005354.x","article-title":"Differences between patients with identified and not identified psychiatric disorders in primary care","volume":"102","author":"H Karlsson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000246217.34024.53","article-title":"Nontricyclic antidepressants: predictors of nonadherence","volume":"26","author":"OH Brook","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2012.03.007","article-title":"Levels of aggressiveness are higher among alcohol-related suicides: Results from a psychological autopsy study","volume":"46","author":"E Chachamovich","year":"2012","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09739.x","article-title":"Suicide attempts in which alcohol is involved: a special group in general hospital emergency rooms","volume":"91","author":"J Suokas","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a006970","article-title":"Comorbid Substance Use Reduces the Health Care Contacts of Suicide Attempters With Schizophrenia Spectrum or Mood Disorders","volume":"28","author":"KH Suominen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"171","article-title":"Counting the dead and what they died from: An assessment of the global status of cause of death data","volume":"83","author":"CD Mathers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref38","unstructured":"Statistics Finland (2009) Causes of death 2007. Helsinki: Official Statistics of Finland."}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0098405","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T21:11:52Z","timestamp":1649193112000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0098405"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Kenji","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,3]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0098405","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,3]]}}}