{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:04:55Z","timestamp":1790665495760,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,12]],"date-time":"2014-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1402531200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,12]],"date-time":"2014-06-12T22:53:25Z","timestamp":1402613605000},"page":"e98862","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Sensitive Simultaneous Detection of Seven Sexually Transmitted Agents in Semen by Multiplex-PCR and of HPV by Single PCR"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Fabr\u00edcia","family":"Gimenes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiana Soares","family":"Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 Luelsdorf Pimenta de","family":"Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Mayumi Taguti","family":"Irie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isis Baroni","family":"Esqui\u00e7ati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nat\u00e1lia","family":"Malagutti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vin\u00edcius Rodrigo Bulla","family":"Vasconcellos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele Garcia","family":"Discacciati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo Gialluisi","family":"Bonini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvya Stuchi","family":"Maria-Engler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcia Edilaine Lopes","family":"Consolaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2007) Global strategy for the prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections: 2006\u20132015. Breaking the chain of transmission. Geneva: World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"491","article-title":"Diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease: time for a rethink","volume":"79","author":"I Simms","year":"2003","journal-title":"SexTransm Infect"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1258\/095646203767869156","article-title":"Correlates of sexually transmitted disease infection among adults living with HIV","volume":"14","author":"C Gore\u2013Felton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1086\/526496","article-title":"<italic>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/italic> infection and human immunodeficiency virus acquisition in African women","volume":"197","author":"B Van","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"World Health Organization (1993) Manual for the standardized investigation and diagnosis of the infertile couple. UK: Cambridge University Press. 50 p."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.4111\/kju.2013.54.3.149","article-title":"Sexually transmitted infections and sexual function in relation to male fertility","volume":"54","author":"C Brookings","year":"2013","journal-title":"Korean J Urol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2007.00825.x","article-title":"Sexually transmitted infections: impact on male fertility","volume":"40","author":"FR Ochsendorf","year":"2008","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2013.03.004","article-title":"Sperm viral infection and male infertility: focus on HBV, HCV, HIV, HPV, HSV, HCMV, and AAV","volume":"100","author":"A Garolla","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.08.109","article-title":"Prevelence of sexually transmissible pathogens in semen from asymptomatic male infertility patients with and without leukocytospermia","volume":"87","author":"G Bezold","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-011-0726-8","article-title":"Influence of urogenital infections and inflammation on semen quality and male fertility","volume":"30","author":"A Rusz","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"19","article-title":"Screening of potential semen donors for sexual transmitted diseases","volume":"17","author":"OA Olatunbosun","year":"1998","journal-title":"West Afr J Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1155\/2005\/958374","article-title":"Screening for sexually transmitted infection pathogens in semen samples","volume":"16","author":"R Peeling","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcp.2011.03.004","article-title":"Single tube multiplex real\u2013time PCR for the rapid detection of herpesvirus infections of the central nervous system","volume":"25","author":"N Sankuntaw","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Cell Probes"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0315","article-title":"Simultaneous Detection of Seven Sexually Transmitted Agents in Human Immunodeficiency Virus\u2013Infected Brazilian Women by Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction","volume":"30","author":"RP Souza","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2010) WHO Laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen. Geneva: World Health Organization. 287 p."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2011.06.005","article-title":"Evaluation of a new multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay STDFinder for the simultaneous detection of 7 sexually transmitted disease pathogens","volume":"71","author":"CM Muvunyi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01873-08","article-title":"Multiplex PCR testing detection of higher\u2013than\u2013expected rates of Cervical Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma, and Trichomonas and viral agent infection in sexually australian women","volume":"47","author":"CJ McIver","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/170.5.1096","article-title":"Epidemiology and partial nucleotide sequence of four novel genital Human papillomaviruses","volume":"170","author":"MM Manos","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2006.06.001","article-title":"Full HPV typing by a single restriction enzyme","volume":"37","author":"E Santiago","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00120-09","article-title":"Simultaneous identification of 14 genital microorganisms in urine by use of a multiplex PCR\u2013based reverse line blot assay","volume":"47","author":"ML McKechnie","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7262.2006.00190.x","article-title":"Ureaplasma urealyticum infections in the genital tract affect semen quality?","volume":"8","author":"Y Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.08.109","article-title":"Prevalence of sexually transmissible pathogens in semen from asymptomatic male infertility patients with and without leukocytospermia","volume":"87","author":"G Bezold","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.108.067835","article-title":"Male genital tract Chlamydial infection: implications for pathology and infertility","volume":"79","author":"KA Cunningham","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2008.00845.x","article-title":"Screening for bacterial pathogens in semen samples from infertile men with and without leukocytospermia","volume":"40","author":"R Gdoura","year":"2008","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23582","article-title":"Simple and rapid human <italic>Papillomavirus<\/italic> genotyping method by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis with two restriction enzymes","volume":"85","author":"L Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15036","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015036","article-title":"Mechanism of human papillomavirus binding to human spermatozoa and fertilizing ability of infected spermatozoa","volume":"6","author":"C Foresta","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18095","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018095","article-title":"Identification of multiple HPV types on spermatozoa from human sperm donors","volume":"6","author":"MD Kaspersen","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elder K, Baker DJ, Ribes JA (2005) Infections, infertility, and assisted reproduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 412 p.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511545139"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.11.012","article-title":"Clinical and prognostic significance of Human papillomavirus DNA in the sperm or exfoliated cells of infertile patients and subjects with risk factors","volume":"94","author":"C Foresta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"ref30","unstructured":"Rein M, Muller M (1990) <italic>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/italic> and trichomoniasis. In: Holmes KK, (eds.), sexually transmitted diseases. New York: McGraw\u2013 Hill Press. pp 481\u2013492."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3994","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00952-06","article-title":"Methods for detection of <italic>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/italic> in the male partners of infected women: implications for control of trichomoniasis","volume":"44","author":"MM Hobbs","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199908000-00003","article-title":"<italic>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/italic> as a cause of urethritis in Malawian men","volume":"26","author":"MM Hobbs","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2004.012856","article-title":"Establishing the National <italic>Chlamydia<\/italic> Screening Program in England: results from the first full year of screening","volume":"80","author":"DS LaMontagne","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2013.05.002","article-title":"<italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/italic> infection of the male genital tract: An update","volume":"100","author":"JP Mackern\u2013Oberti","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(04)01254-X","article-title":"Can <italic>C. trachomatis<\/italic> directly damage your sperm?","volume":"5","author":"A Eley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0303-4569.2003.00594.x","article-title":"Update on the impact of <italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/italic> infection on male fertility","volume":"36","author":"GF Gonzales","year":"2004","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2655","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2655","article-title":"Performance evaluation of a new rapid urine test for <italic>Chlamydia<\/italic> in men: prospective cohort study","volume":"339","author":"EC Nadala","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-802","article-title":"Using educational outreach and a financial incentive to increase general practices contribution to Chlamydia screening in South\u2013East London 2003\u20132011","volume":"18","author":"S Kalwij","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000116288.59223.e9","article-title":"Is seminal vesiculitis a discrete disease entity? Clinical and microbiological study of seminal vesiculitis in patients with acute epididymitis","volume":"171","author":"R Furuya","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng L, Bostwick DG (2002) Essentials of anatomic pathology. Totowa: Humana Press. 1879 p.","DOI":"10.1385\/1592591620"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.4111\/kju.2013.54.3.149","article-title":"Sexually transmitted infections and sexual function in relation to male fertility","volume":"54","author":"C Brookings","year":"2013","journal-title":"Korean J Urol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2005.018598","article-title":"<italic>Mycoplasma genitalium<\/italic>: a common cause of persistent urethritis among men treated with doxycycline","volume":"82","author":"A Wikstr\u00f6m","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1258\/0956462021924695","article-title":"Genital Mycoplasmas, including <italic>Mycoplasma genitalium<\/italic>, as sexually transmitted agents","volume":"13","author":"A Uusk\u00fcla","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2004.00923.x","article-title":"<italic>Mycoplasma genitalium<\/italic>: the aetiological agent of urethritis and other sexually transmitted diseases","volume":"18","author":"JS Jensen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(02)00086-9","article-title":"Prostatitis: what is the role of infection","volume":"19","author":"JN Krieger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2013.02.044","article-title":"Concordance of <italic>Ureaplasma urealyticum<\/italic> and <italic>Mycoplasma hominis<\/italic> in infertile couples: impact on semen parameters","volume":"81","author":"JS Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.5.1850-1855.2003","article-title":"Rapid detection of <italic>Mycoplasma genitalium<\/italic>, <italic>Mycoplasma hominis<\/italic>, <italic>Ureaplasma parvum<\/italic> and <italic>Ureaplasma urealyticum<\/italic> organisms in genitourinary samples by PCR\u2013microtiter plate hybridization assay","volume":"41","author":"T Yoshida","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mefs.2010.03.003","article-title":"Clinical significance of asymptomatic urogenital <italic>Mycoplasma hominis<\/italic> and <italic>Ureaplasma urealyticum<\/italic> in relation to seminal fluid parameters among infertile Jordanian males","volume":"15","author":"HI Al\u2013Daghistani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Middle East Fertil Soc J"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deg392","article-title":"<italic>Mycoplasma genitalium<\/italic> attaches to human spermatozoa","volume":"18","author":"HF Svenstrup","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.4.965-981.2004","article-title":"The molecular mechanisms used by <italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/italic> to initiate infection differ between men and women","volume":"17","author":"JL Edwards","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2008.03.009","article-title":"Genital tract infections and infertility","volume":"140","author":"D Pellati","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"26","article-title":"Bacterial infection as a cause of infertility in humans","volume":"62","author":"S Radek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol"},{"key":"ref53","unstructured":"Bolan G, Ehrhardt AA (1999) Gender perspectives and STDs. In: Sexually transmitted diseases. New York: McGraw\u2013Hill Press. 117\u2013127 p."},{"key":"ref54","unstructured":"Hook EW, Handsfield HH (1999) Gonococcal infections in the adult. In: Sexually Transmitted Diseases. New York: McGraw Hill Press. 451\u2013466 p."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328326ca62","article-title":"HSV suppression reduces seminal HIV\u20131 levels in HIV\u20131\/HSV\u20132 co\u2013infected men who have sex with men","volume":"23","author":"RA Zuckerman","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"391","article-title":"Detection of <italic>Herpes simplex<\/italic> Virus DNA in human spermatozoa by in situ hybridization technique","volume":"12","author":"D Kotronias","year":"1998","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-10-226","article-title":"Seminal shedding of Human herpesviruses","volume":"10","author":"MD Kaspersen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.03.074","article-title":"Prevalence of human herpes virus types 1\u20137 in the semen of men attending an infertility clinic and correlation with semen parameters","volume":"91","author":"E Neofytou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2007.00825.x","article-title":"Sexually transmitted infections: impact on male fertility","volume":"40","author":"FR Ochsendorf","year":"2008","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.7555\/JBR.27.20110139","article-title":"Asymptomatic seminal infection of herpes simplex virus: impact on male infertility","volume":"27","author":"SH Monavari","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Biomed Res"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"1075","article-title":"Infection of Cytomegalovirus and Herpes simplex virus and morphology of the infected spermatogenic cells in infertile men","volume":"13","author":"KH Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0112864","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,7]],"date-time":"2014-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415318400000}}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0098862","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T06:59:13Z","timestamp":1689317953000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0098862"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Alan","family":"Landay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,12]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0098862","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,12]]}}}