{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T08:36:29Z","timestamp":1770971789421,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,13]],"date-time":"2014-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1402617600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,13]],"date-time":"2014-06-13T20:26:19Z","timestamp":1402691179000},"page":"e99664","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["The \u2018Stolen Generations' of Mothers and Daughters: Child Apprehension and Enhanced HIV Vulnerabilities for Sex Workers of Aboriginal Ancestry"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Putu","family":"Duff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brittany","family":"Bingham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annick","family":"Simo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Delores","family":"Jury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Reading","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Shannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"RSBC (1996) Child, Family and Community Service Act. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.bclaws.ca\/EPLibraries\/bclaws_new\/document\/ID\/freeside\/00_96046_01#part1\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.bclaws.ca\/EPLibraries\/bclaws_new\/document\/ID\/freeside\/00_96046_01#part1<\/ext-link>. Accessed 17 September 2013."},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"The Prevalence of Child Sexual Abuse in Out-of-Home Care: A Comparison Between Abuse in Residential and in Foster Care","author":"S Euser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Child Maltreat"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(00)00107-1","article-title":"From maltreatment report to juvenile incarceration: the role of child welfare services","volume":"24","author":"M Jonson-Reid","year":"2000","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"59","article-title":"Visible minority, Aboriginal, and Caucasian children investigated by Canadian protective services","volume":"87","author":"C Lavergne","year":"2008","journal-title":"Child Welfare"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"National Centre for Youth Law (2006) Broken Promises: California&apos;s Inadequate and Unequal Treatment of Its Abused and Neglected Children. Oakland, California."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2005.06.014","article-title":"Psychiatric symptoms and substance use disorders in a nationally representative sample of American adolescents involved with foster care","volume":"38","author":"D Pilowsky","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Adolesc Heal"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"Smithgall C, Yang D-H, George R (2005) Behavior Problems and Educational Disruptions Among Children in Out-of-Home Care in Chicago. Chicago."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300285","article-title":"Life course outcomes on mental and physical health: the impact of foster care on adulthood","volume":"102","author":"C Zlotnick","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"Ministry of Children and Family Development (2008) Management of Aboriginal Child Protection Services. Victoria, British Columbia. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/cwrp.ca\/publications\/1855\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/cwrp.ca\/publications\/1855<\/ext-link>. Accessed 20 May 2014."},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"Bennett D, Sadrehashemi L (2008) Broken Promises: Parents Speak about B.C.&apos;s Child Welfare System. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net\/pivotlegal\/legacy_url\/310\/BrokenPromises.pdf?1345765642\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net\/pivotlegal\/legacy_url\/310\/BrokenPromises.pdf?1345765642<\/ext-link>. Accessed 31 October 2011."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2008.030841","article-title":"The multiplicity and interdependency of factors influencing the health of street-based sex workers: a qualitative study","volume":"84","author":"N Jeal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2011.09.015","article-title":"Risky health environments: Women sex workers&apos; struggles to find safe, secure and non-exploitative housing in Canada&apos;s poorest postal code","volume":"73","author":"L Lazarus","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"b2939","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2939","article-title":"Prevalence and structural correlates of gender based violence among a prospective cohort of female sex workers","volume":"339","author":"K Shannon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"37","article-title":"When the Bough Breaks\u2026: Examining Intergenerational Parent-Child Relational Patterns Among Street-Level Sex Workers and Their Parents and Children When the Bough Breaks \u2026: Examining Intergenerational Parent \u2013 Child Relational Patterns Among Street-Le","author":"RL Dalla","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl Dev Sci"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"102","article-title":"Street Sex Work and Mothering","volume":"6","author":"CM Sloss","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Assoc Res Mothering"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1177\/104973201129119334","article-title":"Sex-for-crack-cocaine exchange, poor black women, and pregnancy","volume":"11","author":"TT Sharpe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Qual Heal Res"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1177\/1744987108095409","article-title":"A qualitative study of the experiences of mothers involved in street-based prostitution and problematic substance use","volume":"13","author":"GT McClelland","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Res Nurs"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000145806.24274.d2","article-title":"Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among older youths in the foster care system","volume":"44","author":"J McMillen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"Trocme N, Knoke D, Blackstock C (2004) Pathways to the Overrepresentation of Aboriginal Children in Canada &apos; s Child Welfare System. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.mcgill.ca\/crcf\/sites\/mcgill.ca.crcf\/files\/2004-Overrepresentation_Aboriginal_Children.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/www.mcgill.ca\/crcf\/sites\/mcgill.ca.crcf\/files\/2004-Overrepresentation_Aboriginal_Children.pdf<\/ext-link>. Accessed 28 June 2012."},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Castellano M, Archibald L, DeGagne M (2008) From Truth to Reconciliation: Transforming the Legacy of Residential Schools. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.ahf.ca\/downloads\/from-truth-to-reconciliation-transforming-the-legacy-of-residential-schools.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.ahf.ca\/downloads\/from-truth-to-reconciliation-transforming-the-legacy-of-residential-schools.pdf<\/ext-link>. Accessed28 June 2012."},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"Fournier S, Crey E (1997) Stolen from our embrace: The abductions of First Nations children and the restoration of Aboriginal communities. Vancouver, British Columbia: Douglas &amp; McIntyre."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801204266312","article-title":"Child maltreatment investigations among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal families in Canada","volume":"10","author":"C Blackstock","year":"2004","journal-title":"Violence Against Women"},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"National Collaborating Centre for Aboriginal Health (2005) Child Welfare Services in Canada: Aboriginal &amp; Mainstream. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.nccah.ca\" xlink:type=\"simple\">www.nccah.ca<\/ext-link>. Accessed 28 June 2012."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1177\/1363461505052667","article-title":"Prostitution in Vancouver: Violence and the colonization of First Nations Women","volume":"42","author":"LJ Farley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Transcult Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2014.888480","article-title":"Generational sex work and HIV risk among Indigenous women in a street-based urban Canadian setting","volume":"16","author":"B Bingham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cult Health Sex"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-4-20","article-title":"Community-based HIV prevention research among substance-using women in survival sex work: the Maka Project Partnership","volume":"4","author":"K Shannon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.91.6.922","article-title":"Time-space sampling in minority communities: results with young Latino men who have sex with men","volume":"91","author":"A Stueve","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Public Heal"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"42","article-title":"The intersecting risks of violence and HIV for rural Aboriginal women in a neo-colonial Canadian context","author":"C Varcoe","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Aborig Heal"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1177\/019394599701900404","article-title":"HIV risk behaviors become survival techniques for Aboriginal women","volume":"19","author":"JE Mill","year":"1997","journal-title":"West J Nurs Res"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2007.11.024","article-title":"Mapping violence and policing as an environmental-structural barrier to health service and syringe availability among substance-using women in street-level sex work","volume":"19","author":"K Shannon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"key":"ref31","unstructured":"Ministry of Children and Family Development (2006) November 2006 report: Children in care, trends and indicators."},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"38","article-title":"Turning around the intergenerational impact of residential schools on Aboriginal people: implications for health policy and practice","volume":"37","author":"D Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can J Nurs Res"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.06.011","article-title":"Framework for Aboriginal-guided decolonizing research involving M\u00e9tis and First Nations persons with diabetes","volume":"65","author":"JG Bartlett","year":"2007","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"ref34","unstructured":"Bodor R, Chewka D, Smith-Windsor M, Conley S, Pereira N (2011) Perspectives on the Housing First Program with Indigenous Participants. Edmonton. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.homewardtrust.ca\/images\/resources\/2012-07-05-10-26BlueQuillsWEB3.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.homewardtrust.ca\/images\/resources\/2012-07-05-10-26BlueQuillsWEB3.pdf<\/ext-link>. Accessed 28 November 2012."},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"A Framework for Decolonization Interventions: Broadening the Focus for Improving the Health and Wellbeing of Indigenous Communities","volume":"8","author":"B Guerin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pimatisiwin A J Aborig Indig Community Heal"},{"key":"ref36","unstructured":"Ministry of Children and Family Development (2009) Aboriginal Children in Care. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fndirectorsforum.ca\/downloads\/aboriginal-children-in-care-10-09.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.fndirectorsforum.ca\/downloads\/aboriginal-children-in-care-10-09.pdf<\/ext-link>. Accessed 28 November 2012."},{"key":"ref37","unstructured":"Boyd S (2004) From Witches to Crack moms. Durham, NC: Carolina Acadmic Press."},{"key":"ref38","unstructured":"Benoit C, Millar A (2001) Dispelling myths and understanding realities: Working conditions, health status, and exiting experiences of sex workers. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.peers.bc.ca\/pubs.html\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.peers.bc.ca\/pubs.html<\/ext-link>. Accessed 28 November 2012."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(02)00081-3","article-title":"In search of a healing place: Aboriginal women in Vancouver&apos;s Downtown Eastside","volume":"56","author":"C Benoit","year":"2003","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"ref40","unstructured":"Poole N (2000) Evaluation Report of the Sheway Project for High-Risk Pregnant and Parenting Women. Vancouver, Canada. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/bccewh.bc.ca\/publications-resources\/documents\/shewayreport.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/bccewh.bc.ca\/publications-resources\/documents\/shewayreport.pdf<\/ext-link>. Accessed 20 May 2014."}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0099664","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T08:23:48Z","timestamp":1589012628000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0099664"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Paula","family":"Braitstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,13]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0099664","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,13]]}}}