{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T20:26:41Z","timestamp":1775075201838,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,11]],"date-time":"2014-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1402444800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,11]],"date-time":"2014-06-11T20:45:56Z","timestamp":1402519556000},"page":"e99815","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["They Are Laughing at Me: Cerebral Mediation of Cognitive Biases in Social Anxiety"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Kreifelts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolin","family":"Br\u00fcck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Ritter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Ethofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Domin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Lotze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heike","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Schlipf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Wildgruber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20639","article-title":"Subtyping social anxiety disorder in developed and developing countries","volume":"27","author":"DJ Stein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60488-2","article-title":"Social anxiety disorder","volume":"371","author":"MB Stein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.5.669","article-title":"Quality of life in individuals with anxiety disorders","volume":"157","author":"MV Mendlowicz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"23","article-title":"Social phobia. Epidemiology and cost of illness","volume":"18","author":"JD Lipsitz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1080\/026999399379294","article-title":"Attentional biases for facial expressions in social phobia: The effects of target and distractor in \u201cface-in-the-crowd\u201d task","volume":"13","author":"E Gilboa-Schechtman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cogn Emot"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(02)00017-7","article-title":"Selective orienting of attention to masked threat faces in social anxiety","volume":"40","author":"K Mogg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2010.08.013","article-title":"Facial affect processing in social anxiety: tasks and stimuli","volume":"193","author":"JP Machado-de-Sousa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.003","article-title":"Recognition and evaluation of emotional prosody in individuals with generalized social phobia: a pilot study","volume":"45","author":"S Quadflieg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"Clark DM, Wells A (1995) A cognitive model of social phobia. In: R. G Heimberg, Liebowitz MR, Hope DA, Schneier FR, editors. Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment. New York: Guilford Press. 69\u201393."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(97)00022-3","article-title":"A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia","volume":"35","author":"RM Rapee","year":"1997","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.01.044","article-title":"Increased activation of the anterior cingulate cortex during processing of disgust faces in individuals with social phobia","volume":"57","author":"N Amir","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2008.525","article-title":"Neural bases of social anxiety disorder: emotional reactivity and cognitive regulation during social and physical threat","volume":"66","author":"PR Goldin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.08.012","article-title":"Association between amygdala hyperactivity to harsh faces and severity of social anxiety in generalized social phobia","volume":"59","author":"KL Phan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.11.1027","article-title":"Increased amygdala activation to angry and contemptuous faces in generalized social phobia","volume":"59","author":"MB Stein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.09.024","article-title":"Effect of task conditions on brain responses to threatening faces in social phobics: an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"56","author":"T Straube","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2008.01.014","article-title":"Modulation of the neural network involved in the processing of anger prosody: the role of task-relevance and social phobia","volume":"78","author":"S Quadflieg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.031","article-title":"Lateral prefrontal cortex mediates the cognitive modification of attentional bias","volume":"67","author":"M Browning","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.6.1091","article-title":"Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex activation and attentional bias in response to angry faces in adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"163","author":"CS Monk","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e46","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2011.46","article-title":"Deficient prefrontal attentional control in late-life generalized anxiety disorder: an fMRI investigation","volume":"1","author":"RB Price","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2008.05.004","article-title":"Relationship between trait anxiety, prefrontal cortex, and attention bias to angry faces in children and adolescents","volume":"79","author":"EH Telzer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2012.03.001","article-title":"Neural correlates of attention bias to threat in post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"90","author":"N Fani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.09.004","article-title":"Neural correlates of the emotional Stroop task in panic disorder patients: an event-related fMRI study","volume":"46","author":"T Dresler","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2009.05.028","article-title":"Reconstructing the evolution of laughter in great apes and humans","volume":"19","author":"M Davila Ross","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2012.11.001","article-title":"Laughing, grooming, and pub science","volume":"17","author":"RR Provine","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"Eibl-Eibesfeldt I (1970) Ethology: The biology of behavior. New York: Holt, Rinehart &amp; Winston."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(03)00159-8","article-title":"\u201cLaughing\u201d rats and the evolutionary antecedents of human joy?","volume":"79","author":"J Panksepp","year":"2003","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015692","article-title":"Differentiation of emotions in laughter at the behavioral level","volume":"9","author":"DP Szameitat","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.06.028","article-title":"It is not always tickling: Distinct cerebral responses during perception of different laughter types","volume":"53","author":"DP Szameitat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e63441","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063441","article-title":"Different types of laughter modulate connectivity within distinct parts of the laughter perception network","volume":"8","author":"D Wildgruber","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"94","article-title":"The fear of being laughed at, social anxiety, and memories of being teased during childhood","volume":"52","author":"KR Edwards","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychological Test and Assessment Modeling"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.02.030","article-title":"Brain activation mediates the association between structural abnormality and symptom severity in schizophrenia","volume":"36","author":"S Weinstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.11.1046","article-title":"Social phobia symptoms, subtypes, and severity: findings from a community survey","volume":"57","author":"MB Stein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.05.002","article-title":"Subtypes of social phobia: are they of any use?","volume":"21","author":"N Vriends","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(71)90067-4","article-title":"The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory","volume":"9","author":"RC Oldfield","year":"1971","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref35","unstructured":"Wittchen HU, Zaudig M, Fydrich T (1997) Strukturiertes Klinisches Interview f\u00fcr DSM-IV. G\u00f6ttingen: Hogrefe."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291798007879","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale","volume":"29","author":"RG Heimberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"ref37","unstructured":"Laux L, Glanzmann P, Schaffner P, Spielberger CD (1981) Das State-Trait-Angstinventar. Weinheim: Beltz."},{"key":"ref38","unstructured":"Lehrl S (2005) Mehrfachwahl-Wortschatz-Intelligenztest MWT-B. Balingen: Spitta Verlag."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00987006","article-title":"On measuring performance in category judgment studies of nonverbal behavior","volume":"17","author":"HL Wagner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Nonverbal Behavior"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.111.1.172","article-title":"Comparing Correlated Correlation Coefficients","volume":"111","author":"X Meng","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.460020402","article-title":"Statistical parametric maps in neuroimaging: A general linear approach","volume":"2","author":"K Friston","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-012-0289-7","article-title":"SPSS and SAS programs for comparing Pearson correlations and OLS regression coefficients","volume":"45","author":"B Weaver","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sobel ME (1982) Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equations models. In: Leinhart S, editor. Sociological methodology. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. 290\u2013312.","DOI":"10.2307\/270723"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.40.3.879","article-title":"Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models","volume":"40","author":"KJ Preacher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn755","article-title":"Control of goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention in the brain","volume":"3","author":"M Corbetta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.7.2.336","article-title":"Anxiety and cognitive performance: attentional control theory","volume":"7","author":"MW Eysenck","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2012.04.012","article-title":"Functional network dysfunction in anxiety and anxiety disorders","volume":"35","author":"CM Sylvester","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2010.02.004","article-title":"Attentional bias away from positive social information mediates the link between social anxiety and anxiety vulnerability to a social stressor","volume":"24","author":"CT Taylor","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.07.021","article-title":"Attention bias modification treatment: a meta-analysis toward the establishment of novel treatment for anxiety","volume":"68","author":"Y Hakamata","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v69n0415","article-title":"Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adult anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials","volume":"69","author":"SG Hofmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1891\/0889-8391.25.2.114","article-title":"Attentional bias in anxiety disorders following cognitive behavioral treatment","volume":"25","author":"JI Tobon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cognit Psychother"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028555","article-title":"Cognitive reappraisal self-efficacy mediates the effects of individual cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder","volume":"80","author":"PR Goldin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2012.00058","article-title":"Effects of frontal transcranial direct current stimulation on emotional state and processing in healthy humans","volume":"3","author":"MA Nitsche","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22812","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022812","article-title":"Down-regulation of negative emotional processing by transcranial direct current stimulation: effects of personality characteristics","volume":"6","author":"C Pena-Gomez","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.10.010","article-title":"Amelioration of cognitive control in depression by transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"73","author":"L Wolkenstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711003059","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation in the treatment of major depression: a meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"UG Kalu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2011.579414","article-title":"Neurobiological correlates of cognitions in fear and anxiety: a cognitive-neurobiological information-processing model","volume":"26","author":"SG Hofmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cogn Emot"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143916","article-title":"Cognitive vulnerability to emotional disorders","volume":"1","author":"A Mathews","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1080\/13546800601119982","article-title":"Attention bias for paranoia-relevant visual stimuli in schizophrenia","volume":"12","author":"S Moritz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cogn Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2008.03.030","article-title":"Attentional bias in addictive behaviors: a review of its development, causes, and consequences","volume":"97","author":"M Field","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013445","article-title":"The effect of a single-session attention modification program on response to a public-speaking challenge in socially anxious individuals","volume":"117","author":"N Amir","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0099815","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T03:53:02Z","timestamp":1588996382000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0099815"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Kevin","family":"Paterson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,11]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0099815","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,11]]}}}