{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T12:28:26Z","timestamp":1790166506611,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,19]],"date-time":"2014-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1403136000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,19]],"date-time":"2014-06-19T20:50:49Z","timestamp":1403211049000},"page":"e100174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Induction of Type I and Type III Interferons by Borrelia burgdorferi Correlates with Pathogenesis and Requires Linear Plasmid 36"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Michelle A.","family":"Krupna-Gaylord","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dionysios","family":"Liveris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea C.","family":"Love","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary P.","family":"Wormser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ira","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary M.","family":"Petzke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198908313210906","article-title":"Lyme disease","volume":"321","author":"AC Steere","year":"1989","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200107123450207","article-title":"Lyme disease","volume":"345","author":"AC Steere","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"201","article-title":"Clinical manifestations of Lyme disease","volume":"263","author":"AC Steere","year":"1986","journal-title":"Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg A"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1038\/37551","article-title":"Genomic sequence of a Lyme disease spirochaete, <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic>","volume":"390","author":"CM Fraser","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01698.x","article-title":"A bacterial genome in flux: the twelve linear and nine circular extrachromosomal DNAs in an infectious isolate of the Lyme disease spirochete <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic>","volume":"35","author":"S Casjens","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2476","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.9.2476-2480.2000","article-title":"Distribution of twelve linear extrachromosomal DNAs in natural isolates of Lyme disease spirochetes","volume":"182","author":"N Palmer","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6124","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00459-06","article-title":"Comparative genome hybridization reveals substantial variation among clinical isolates of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> sensu stricto with different pathogenic properties","volume":"188","author":"D Terekhova","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.33.3.589-595.1995","article-title":"Molecular typing of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> sensu lato by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis","volume":"33","author":"D Liveris","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.34.5.1306-1309.1996","article-title":"Molecular typing of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> from Lyme disease patients by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis","volume":"34","author":"D Liveris","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4303","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.7.4303-4312.2001","article-title":"Impact of genotypic variation of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> sensu stricto on kinetics of dissemination and severity of disease in C3H\/HeJ mice","volume":"69","author":"G Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1086\/343043","article-title":"Disease severity in a murine model of lyme borreliosis is associated with the genotype of the infecting <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> sensu stricto strain","volume":"186","author":"G Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1086\/592279","article-title":"<italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> genotype predicts the capacity for hematogenous dissemination during early Lyme disease","volume":"198","author":"GP Wormser","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1086\/314922","article-title":"Association of specific subtypes of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> with hematogenous dissemination in early Lyme disease","volume":"180","author":"GP Wormser","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1089\/153036602321653860","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 2 plays a pivotal role in host defense and inflammatory response to <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic>","volume":"2","author":"RM Wooten","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(02)00013-4","article-title":"Mammalian Toll-like receptors","volume":"15","author":"S Akira","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01666-06","article-title":"Phagocytosis of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> and <italic>Treponema pallidum<\/italic> potentiates innate immune activation and induces gamma interferon production","volume":"75","author":"MW Moore","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01039-07","article-title":"Phagocytosis of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic>, the Lyme disease spirochete, potentiates innate immune activation and induces apoptosis in human monocytes","volume":"76","author":"AR Cruz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18220","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018220","article-title":"Decreased Th1-type inflammatory cytokine expression in the skin is associated with persisting symptoms after treatment of erythema migrans","volume":"6","author":"J Sjowall","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000444","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000444","article-title":"Activation of human monocytes by live <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> generates TLR2-dependent and -independent responses which include induction of IFN-beta","volume":"5","author":"JC Salazar","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5279","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901390","article-title":"Recognition of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic>, the Lyme disease spirochete, by TLR7 and TLR9 induces a type I IFN response by human immune cells","volume":"183","author":"MM Petzke","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3683","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1013776108","article-title":"Phagosomal signaling by <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> in human monocytes involves Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR8 cooperativity and TLR8-mediated induction of IFN-{beta}","volume":"108","author":"JL Cervantes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cervantes JL, La Vake CJ, Weinerman B, Luu S, O\u2019Connell C, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2013) Human TLR8 is activated upon recognition of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> RNA in the phagosome of human monocytes. J Leukoc Biol 94: 1231\u20131241. jlb.0413206 [pii]; 10.1189\/jlb.0413206 [doi].","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0413206"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Love AC, Schwartz I, Petzke MM (2014) <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> RNA induces type I and type III interferons via TLR7 and contributes to the production of NF-kappaB-dependent cytokines. Infect Immun. IAI.01617-14 [pii]; 10.1128\/IAI.01617-14 [doi].","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01617-14"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1112078109","article-title":"CD14 cooperates with complement receptor 3 to mediate MyD88-independent phagocytosis of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic>","volume":"109","author":"KL Hawley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20040976","article-title":"Mice lacking the type I interferon receptor are resistant to <italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/italic>","volume":"200","author":"V Auerbuch","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2660","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.5.2660","article-title":"Coevolution of markers of innate and adaptive immunity in skin and peripheral blood of patients with erythema migrans","volume":"171","author":"JC Salazar","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1733","article-title":"Bacterial recognition by TLR7 in the lysosomes of conventional dendritic cells","volume":"10","author":"G Mancuso","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20040769","article-title":"Type I interferon sensitizes lymphocytes to apoptosis and reduces resistance to <italic>Listeria<\/italic> infection","volume":"200","author":"JA Carrero","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-007-0017-z","article-title":"Impact of lymphocyte apoptosis on the innate immune stages of infection","volume":"38","author":"JA Carrero","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunol Res"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/ni875","article-title":"IFN-lambdas mediate antiviral protection through a distinct class II cytokine receptor complex","volume":"4","author":"SV Kotenko","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1038\/ni873","article-title":"IL-28, IL-29 and their class II cytokine receptor IL-28R","volume":"4","author":"P Sheppard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200324610","article-title":"Viral infection and Toll-like receptor agonists induce a differential expression of type I and lambda interferons in human plasmacytoid and monocyte-derived dendritic cells","volume":"34","author":"EM Coccia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0807525","article-title":"Maturing dendritic cells are an important source of IL-29 and IL-20 that may cooperatively increase the innate immunity of keratinocytes","volume":"83","author":"K Wolk","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1009651","article-title":"Inhibition of dynamin-dependent endocytosis interferes with type III IFN expression in bacteria-infected human monocyte-derived DCs","volume":"88","author":"TE Pietila","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1200120","article-title":"A bacterial protein targets the BAHD1 chromatin complex to stimulate type III interferon response","volume":"331","author":"A Lebreton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e39080","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039080","article-title":"Activation of type III interferon genes by pathogenic bacteria in infected epithelial cells and mouse placenta","volume":"7","author":"H Bierne","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11515","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01703-09","article-title":"Lambda interferon is the predominant interferon induced by influenza A virus infection in vivo","volume":"84","author":"NA Jewell","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref38","unstructured":"Krupna MA, Wormser GP, Schwartz I, Petzke MM (2011) <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> pathogenic potential correlates with type I and type III IFN production by human immune cells. J Immunol."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.61.5.2192-2195.1993","article-title":"The cryptic ospC gene of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> B31 is located on a circular plasmid","volume":"61","author":"A Sadziene","year":"1993","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.1.446-455.2001","article-title":"Decreased infectivity in <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> strain B31 is associated with loss of linear plasmid 25 or 28-1","volume":"69","author":"M Labandeira-Rey","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4608","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.8.4608-4613.2003","article-title":"The absence of linear plasmid 25 or 28\u20131 of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> dramatically alters the kinetics of experimental infection via distinct mechanisms","volume":"71","author":"M Labandeira-Rey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/42.4.676","article-title":"Defining plasmids required by <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> for colonization of tick vector Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume":"42","author":"D Grimm","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05746.x","article-title":"The critical role of the linear plasmid lp36 in the infectious cycle of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic>","volume":"64","author":"MW Jewett","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/79.4.500","article-title":"The leukocyte composition of peripheral blood buffy coat","volume":"79","author":"W Teetson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e74","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-02-258558","article-title":"Nomenclature of monocytes and dendritic cells in blood","volume":"116","author":"L Ziegler-Heitbrock","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5421.1835","article-title":"The nature of the principal type 1 interferon-producing cells in human blood","volume":"284","author":"FP Siegal","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2921","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20101102","article-title":"Plasmacytoid dendritic cells sense skin injury and promote wound healing through type I interferons","volume":"207","author":"J Gregorio","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3699","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.7.3699-3706.2003","article-title":"Linear and circular plasmid content in <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> clinical isolates","volume":"71","author":"R Iyer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.02.018","article-title":"<italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> RST1 (OspC type A) genotype is associated with greater inflammation and more severe Lyme disease","volume":"178","author":"K Strle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.3.1222-1230.2000","article-title":"<italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> gene expression in vivo and spirochete pathogenicity","volume":"68","author":"J Anguita","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13865","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.25.13865","article-title":"Correlation between plasmid content and infectivity in <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic>","volume":"97","author":"JE Purser","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.56.8.1831-1836.1988","article-title":"Changes in infectivity and plasmid profile of the Lyme disease spirochete, <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic>, as a result of in vitro cultivation","volume":"56","author":"TG Schwan","year":"1988","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3870","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.64.9.3870-3876.1996","article-title":"Correlation of plasmids with infectivity of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> sensu stricto type strain B31","volume":"64","author":"Y Xu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8377","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01199-07","article-title":"Regulation of expression of the fibronectin-binding protein BBK32 in <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic>","volume":"189","author":"M He","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3305","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.02035-05","article-title":"<italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> lacking BBK32, a fibronectin-binding protein, retains full pathogenicity","volume":"74","author":"X Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.05042.x","article-title":"Inactivation of the fibronectin-binding adhesin gene bbk32 significantly attenuates the infectivity potential of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic>","volume":"59","author":"J Seshu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00461-10","article-title":"BBK07 Immunodominant Peptides as Serodiagnostic Markers of Lyme Disease","volume":"18","author":"AS Coleman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00301-09","article-title":"BBK07, a dominant in vivo antigen of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic>, is a potential marker for serodiagnosis of Lyme disease","volume":"16","author":"AS Coleman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20070962","article-title":"<italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> basic membrane proteins A and B participate in the genesis of Lyme arthritis","volume":"205","author":"U Pal","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01158-10","article-title":"Whole-genome sequences of thirteen isolates of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic>","volume":"193","author":"SE Schutzer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/157.4.842","article-title":"Experimental Lyme arthritis in rats infected with <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic>","volume":"157","author":"SW Barthold","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33280","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033280","article-title":"Genome stability of Lyme disease spirochetes: comparative genomics of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> plasmids","volume":"7","author":"SR Casjens","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14150","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402745101","article-title":"Genetic exchange and plasmid transfers in <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> sensu stricto revealed by three-way genome comparisons and multilocus sequence typing","volume":"101","author":"WG Qiu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2004.00207.x","article-title":"The role of type I interferons in non-viral infections","volume":"202","author":"C Bogdan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6453","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.11.6453","article-title":"IFN-alpha beta-dependent, IFN-gamma secretion by bone marrow-derived macrophages controls an intracellular bacterial infection","volume":"167","author":"AG Rothfuchs","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.47.3.719-722.1985","article-title":"Interferon-induced inhibition of <italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/italic>: dissociation from antiviral and antiproliferative effects","volume":"47","author":"LM de la Maza","year":"1985","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.3.6.825-832.1971","article-title":"Effect of Interferon and Interferon Inducers on Infections with a Nonviral Intracellular Microorganism, <italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/italic>","volume":"3","author":"J Kazar","year":"1971","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/0882-4010(89)90030-2","article-title":"The induction of interferon production in fibroblasts by invasive bacteria: a comparison of <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> and <italic>Shigella<\/italic> species","volume":"7","author":"CB Hess","year":"1989","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3949","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.138.11.3949","article-title":"Bacterial invasion of fibroblasts induces interferon production","volume":"138","author":"CB Hess","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.52.3.828-833.1986","article-title":"Natural and recombinant interferons inhibit epithelial cell invasion by <italic>Shigella<\/italic> spp","volume":"52","author":"DW Niesel","year":"1986","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.45.1.62-66.1984","article-title":"Mouse fibroblast interferon modifies <italic>Salmonella typhimurium<\/italic> infection in infant mice","volume":"45","author":"G Bukholm","year":"1984","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.1.102-127.2005","article-title":"Surface proteins of <italic>Streptococcus agalactiae<\/italic> and related proteins in other bacterial pathogens","volume":"18","author":"G Lindahl","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3126","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.5.3126","article-title":"Type I IFN signaling is crucial for host resistance against different species of pathogenic bacteria","volume":"178","author":"G Mancuso","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20040712","article-title":"Type I interferon production enhances susceptibility to <italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/italic> infection","volume":"200","author":"RM O\u2019connell","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3020","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.6.3020-3025.2002","article-title":"Alpha\/beta interferon impairs the ability of human macrophages to control growth of <italic>Mycobacterium bovis<\/italic> BCG","volume":"70","author":"F Bouchonnet","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5752","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.091096998","article-title":"Virulence of a <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/italic> clinical isolate in mice is determined by failure to induce Th1 type immunity and is associated with induction of IFN-alpha\/beta","volume":"98","author":"C Manca","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loughman JA, Hunstad DA (2012) Induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase by uropathogenic bacteria attenuates innate responses to epithelial infection. J Infect Dis.","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis280"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crandall H, Dunn DM, Ma Y, Wooten RM, Zachary JF, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2006) Gene expression profiling reveals unique pathways associated with differential severity of lyme arthritis. J Immunol 177: 7930\u20137942. 177\/11\/7930 [pii].","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.11.7930"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miller JC, Ma Y, Bian J, Sheehan KC, Zachary JF, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2008) A critical role for type I IFN in arthritis development following <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> infection of mice. J Immunol 181: 8492\u20138503. 181\/12\/8492 [pii].","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.12.8492"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5086","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.8.5086","article-title":"IL-28 elicits antitumor responses against murine fibrosarcoma","volume":"178","author":"M Numasaki","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2009.10.002","article-title":"Interferon-lambda induces G1 phase arrest or apoptosis in oesophageal carcinoma cells and produces anti-tumour effects in combination with anti-cancer agents","volume":"46","author":"Q Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2184.2008.00558.x","article-title":"Regulation of apoptosis by type III interferons","volume":"41","author":"W Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Prolif"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2475","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900986","article-title":"IDO activates regulatory T cells and blocks their conversion into Th17-like T cells","volume":"183","author":"B Baban","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.08.232","article-title":"Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase and regulation of T cell immunity","volume":"338","author":"A Mellor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1457","article-title":"IDO expression by dendritic cells: tolerance and tryptophan catabolism","volume":"4","author":"AL Mellor","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18995","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1113301108","article-title":"IFN-alpha and CD46 stimulation are associated with active lupus and skew natural T regulatory cell differentiation to type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells","volume":"108","author":"BH Le","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3338","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.05021-11","article-title":"<italic>Haemophilus ducreyi<\/italic> lipooligosaccharides induce expression of the immunosuppressive enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase via type I interferons and tumor necrosis factor alpha in human dendritic cells","volume":"79","author":"W Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiq095","article-title":"<italic>Leishmania major<\/italic> attenuates host immunity by stimulating local indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression","volume":"203","author":"LH Makala","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.07.050","article-title":"Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-expressing myeloid dendritic cells and macrophages in infectious and noninfectious cutaneous granulomas","volume":"65","author":"D von Bubnoff","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.070281","article-title":"Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO): the antagonist of type I interferon-driven skin inflammation?","volume":"171","author":"M Scheler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01398-08","article-title":"Intralesional regulatory T-cell suppressive function during human acute and chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis due to <italic>Leishmania guyanensis<\/italic>","volume":"77","author":"E Bourreau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100615","article-title":"TpF1 from <italic>Treponema pallidum<\/italic> activates inflammasome and promotes the development of regulatory T cells","volume":"187","author":"C Babolin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2998","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.157.7.2998","article-title":"Human dendritic cells phagocytose and process <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic>","volume":"157","author":"L Filgueira","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0040031","article-title":"Salp15 binding to DC-SIGN inhibits cytokine expression by impairing both nucleosome remodeling and mRNA stabilization","volume":"4","author":"JW Hovius","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3082","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.30.12.3082-3088.1992","article-title":"Diagnosis of early Lyme disease by polymerase chain reaction amplification and culture of skin biopsies from erythema migrans lesions","volume":"30","author":"I Schwartz","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6702","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.11.6702-6706.2004","article-title":"Variations in Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly culture medium modulate infectivity and pathogenicity of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> clinical isolates","volume":"72","author":"G Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method","volume":"25","author":"KJ Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.02758.x","article-title":"Identification of loci critical for replication and compatibility of a <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> cp32 plasmid and use of a cp32-based shuttle vector for the expression of fluorescent reporters in the lyme disease spirochaete","volume":"43","author":"CH Eggers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref99","first-page":"253","article-title":"Electrotransformation of the spirochete <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic>","volume":"47","author":"DS Samuels","year":"1995","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2773","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00318-09","article-title":"CspA-mediated binding of human factor H inhibits complement deposition and confers serum resistance in <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic>","volume":"77","author":"MR Kenedy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2139","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.4.2139-2150.2002","article-title":"Clonal polymorphism of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> strain B31 MI: implications for mutagenesis in an infectious strain background","volume":"70","author":"AF Elias","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect Immun"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0100174","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T12:19:45Z","timestamp":1689337185000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0100174"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Brian","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,19]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0100174","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,19]]}}}