{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T05:21:27Z","timestamp":1788067287208,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,27]],"date-time":"2014-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1403827200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,27]],"date-time":"2014-06-27T20:21:35Z","timestamp":1403900495000},"page":"e100324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Primary vs. Secondary Antibody Deficiency: Clinical Features and Infection Outcomes of Immunoglobulin Replacement"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Sai S.","family":"Duraisingham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Buckland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Dempster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorena","family":"Lorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Grigoriadou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilary J.","family":"Longhurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-013-9901-6","article-title":"A phenotypic approach for IUIS PID classification and diagnosis: guidelines for clinicians at the bedside","volume":"33","author":"AA Bousfiha","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.01.038","article-title":"Molecular basis of common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"117","author":"E Castigli","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1586\/1744666X.2014.902314","article-title":"Secondary antibody deficiency","volume":"10","author":"SS Duraisingham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2007.051177","article-title":"Antibody deficiency","volume":"61","author":"R Herriot","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.73.2.133","article-title":"Evaluating and managing hypogammaglobulinemia","volume":"73","author":"ME Rose","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2012.706285","article-title":"Immunoglobulin G subclass deficiency and infection risk in 150 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"54","author":"JA Freeman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1992.tb06965.x","article-title":"Predictors of infection in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL)","volume":"89","author":"H Griffiths","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem076","article-title":"Anti-rheumatic drug use and risk of serious infections in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"46","author":"S Bernatsky","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker417","article-title":"Total serum immunoglobulin levels in patients with RA after multiple B-cell depletion cycles based on rituximab: relationship with B-cell kinetics","volume":"51","author":"I De La Torre","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2715","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.51.7775","article-title":"Serum immunoglobulin G is a marker for the risk of opportunistic infection in steroid-dependent severe asthmatic patients","volume":"51","author":"M Yomota","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2011.12.013","article-title":"Carbamazepine-induced hypogammaglobulinemia","volume":"21","author":"N Ozaras","year":"2012","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105656","article-title":"Intestinal lymphangiectasia: a protein-losing enteropathy with hypogammaglobulinemia, lymphocytopenia and impaired homograft rejection","volume":"46","author":"W Strober","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4032","article-title":"Common variable immunodeficiency - an update","volume":"14","author":"U Salzer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"514","article-title":"Efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in children with common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"21","author":"S Baris","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-11-124545","article-title":"Common variable immunodeficiency disorders: division into distinct clinical phenotypes","volume":"112","author":"H Chapel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.02.040","article-title":"Infection outcomes in patients with common variable immunodeficiency disorders: relationship to immunoglobulin therapy over 22 years","volume":"125","author":"M Lucas","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2010.06.012","article-title":"Impact of trough IgG on pneumonia incidence in primary immunodeficiency: A meta-analysis of clinical studies","volume":"137","author":"JS Orange","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-011-9511-0","article-title":"Effectiveness of immunoglobulin replacement therapy on clinical outcome in patients with primary antibody deficiencies: results from a multicenter prospective cohort study","volume":"31","author":"I Quinti","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)90180-5","article-title":"Randomised trial of intravenous immunoglobulin as prophylaxis against infection in plateau-phase multiple myeloma. The UK Group for Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy in Multiple Myeloma","volume":"343","author":"HM Chapel","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198810063191403","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin for the prevention of infection in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. A randomized, controlled clinical trial","volume":"319","year":"1988","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12060","article-title":"Post-marketing observational study on 5% intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in patients with secondary immunodeficiency and recurrent serious bacterial infections","volume":"57","author":"G Gunther","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"121","article-title":"Prophylaxis against infections with low-dose intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Results of a crossover study","volume":"81","author":"S Molica","year":"1996","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12172","article-title":"The United Kingdom Primary Immune Deficiency (UKPID) Registry: report of the first 4 years' activity 2008\u20132012","volume":"175","author":"JD Edgar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Clinical picture and treatment of 2212 patients with common variable immunodeficiency","author":"B Gathmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"54","article-title":"Primary immunodeficiency diseases: an update on the classification from the international union of immunological societies expert committee for primary immunodeficiency","volume":"2","author":"W Al-Herz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)61142-8","article-title":"Practice parameter for the diagnosis and management of primary immunodeficiency","volume":"94","author":"FA Bonilla","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"190","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for primary immunodeficiencies. Representing PAGID (Pan-American Group for Immunodeficiency) and ESID (European Society for Immunodeficiencies)","volume":"93","author":"ME Conley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.07.002","article-title":"Use and interpretation of diagnostic vaccination in primary immunodeficiency: a working group report of the Basic and Clinical Immunology Interest Section of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology","volume":"130","author":"JS Orange","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12010","article-title":"Changes in B cell immunophenotype in common variable immunodeficiency: cause or effect - is bronchiectasis indicative of undiagnosed immunodeficiency?","volume":"171","author":"P Bright","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2007.03432.x","article-title":"Recognition, clinical diagnosis and management of patients with primary antibody deficiencies: a systematic review","volume":"149","author":"P Wood","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.298.6672.516","article-title":"Primary antibody deficiency and diagnostic delay","volume":"298","author":"J Blore","year":"1989","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2004.016204","article-title":"Primary antibody deficiency and diagnostic delay","volume":"58","author":"B Seymour","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2009.07669.x","article-title":"Update in understanding common variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVIDs) and the management of patients with these conditions","volume":"145","author":"H Chapel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-06-091744","article-title":"The EUROclass trial: defining subgroups in common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"111","author":"C Wehr","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S56","DOI":"10.1097\/01.all.0000433132.16436.b5","article-title":"Management of secondary immune deficiencies: what is the role of immunoglobulins?","volume":"13","author":"L Mouthon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2009.03954.x","article-title":"The European internet-based patient and research database for primary immunodeficiencies: results 2006\u20132008","volume":"157","author":"B Gathmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200510-1609OC","article-title":"Immunoglobulin G levels before and after lung transplantation","volume":"173","author":"NH Yip","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1705463","article-title":"Adjuvant rituximab causes prolonged hypogammaglobulinaemia following autologous stem cell transplant for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma","volume":"38","author":"J Shortt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2012.11.011","article-title":"Incidence of hypogammaglobulinemia in patients receiving rituximab and the use of intravenous immunoglobulin for recurrent infections","volume":"13","author":"C Casulo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e37626","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037626","article-title":"Impact of rituximab on immunoglobulin concentrations and B cell numbers after cyclophosphamide treatment in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitides","volume":"7","author":"N Venhoff","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.2217\/ijr.12.31","article-title":"Long-term safety of rituximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"7","author":"E Becerra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2825","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1998.16.8.2825","article-title":"Rituximab chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy for relapsed indolent lymphoma: half of patients respond to a four-dose treatment program","volume":"16","author":"P McLaughlin","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"Hypogammaglobulinaemia after rituximab treatment- its incidence and outcome","author":"M Makatsori","year":"2014","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1159\/000064258","article-title":"Hypogammaglobulinemia in steroid-dependent asthmatics correlates with the daily dose of oral prednisolone","volume":"128","author":"T Kawano","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2601","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12401","article-title":"What is the impact of hypogammaglobulinemia on the rate of infections and survival in solid organ transplantation? A meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"DF Florescu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-09-377945","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality in common variable immune deficiency over 4 decades","volume":"119","author":"ES Resnick","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025373601374","article-title":"Common variable immunodeficiency patient classification based on impaired B cell memory differentiation correlates with clinical aspects","volume":"23","author":"B Piqueras","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.5.1544","article-title":"Severe deficiency of switched memory B cells (CD27(+)IgM(\u2212)IgD(\u2212)) in subgroups of patients with common variable immunodeficiency: a new approach to classify a heterogeneous disease","volume":"99","author":"K Warnatz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3045","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-07-2955","article-title":"Human ICOS deficiency abrogates the germinal center reaction and provides a monogenic model for common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"107","author":"K Warnatz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3187","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30567","article-title":"Response to rituximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in different compartments of the immune system","volume":"63","author":"MJ Boumans","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0100324","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T03:07:15Z","timestamp":1716865635000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0100324"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Matthaios","family":"Speletas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,27]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0100324","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,27]]}}}