{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T09:25:32Z","timestamp":1791192332551,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,23]],"date-time":"2014-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1403481600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,23]],"date-time":"2014-06-23T20:29:30Z","timestamp":1403555370000},"page":"e100524","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Development of a Novel Inhalational Model of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Rats and Comparative Evaluation of Three Biomarkers for Its Diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Suhail","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali A.","family":"Al-Shaikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziauddin","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1086\/651263","article-title":"Prospective surveillance for invasive fungal infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, 2001\u20132006: overviewof the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (TRANSNET) Database","volume":"50","author":"DP Kontoyiannis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06805.x","article-title":"Invasive aspergillosis in the intensive care unit","volume":"1272","author":"G Dimopoulos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2010.01961.x","article-title":"Antifungal treatment strategies in patients with haematological diseases or cancer: from prophylaxis to empirical, pre-emptive and targeted therapy","volume":"55","author":"A Mikolajewska","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2011.246","article-title":"ECIL-3 classical diagnostic procedures for the diagnosis of invasive fungal diseases in patients with leukaemia","volume":"47","author":"MC Arendrup","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03685.x","article-title":"New category of probable invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in haematological patients","volume":"18","author":"C Girmenia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1086\/318483","article-title":"Aspergillosis case-fatality rate: systematic review of the literature","volume":"32","author":"SJ Lin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3569","DOI":"10.2174\/13816128113199990330","article-title":"Invasive aspergillosis: new insights into disease, diagnostic and treatment","volume":"19","author":"M Karthaus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0954-6111(06)80062-4","article-title":"The value of bronchoalveolar lavage and bronchial washings in the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis","volume":"86","author":"H Levy","year":"1992","journal-title":"Resp Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1702045","article-title":"Diagnostic yield of bronchoscopy in histologically proven invasive pulmonary aspergillosis","volume":"24","author":"F Reichenberger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.1.253","article-title":"Increasing volume and changing characteristics of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis on sequential thoracic computed tomography scans in patients with neutropenia","volume":"19","author":"D Caillot","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2013.03.009","article-title":"Invasive fungal infections: biomarkers and molecular approaches to diagnosis","volume":"33","author":"AN Schuetz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Lab Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1086\/588660","article-title":"Revised definitions of invasive fungal disease from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer\/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC\/MSG) Consensus Group","volume":"46","author":"B De Pauw","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq206","article-title":"\u03b2-D-glucan assay for the diagnosis of invasive fungal infections: a meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"DE Karageorgopoulos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"CD007394","article-title":"Galactomannan detection for invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromized patients","volume":"8","author":"MM Leeflang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03189-12","article-title":"Evaluation of real-time PCR, galactomannan enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and a novel lateral-flow device for diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis","volume":"51","author":"PL White","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70019-2","article-title":"Use of PCR for diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"C Mengoli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46549-0","article-title":"Cerebral aspergillosis diagnosed by detection of <italic>Aspergillus flavus<\/italic>-specific DNA, galactomannan and (1\u21923)-beta-D-glucan in clinical specimens","volume":"56","author":"ZU Khan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.023630-0","article-title":"Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis due to <italic>Aspergillus terreus<\/italic>: value of DNA, galactomannan, and (1\u20133)-\u03b2-D-glucan detection in serum samples as adjunct to diagnosis","volume":"59","author":"E Mokaddas","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"4150","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of PCR alone compared to galactomannan in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: a systematic review","volume":"49","author":"T Avni","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.12285","article-title":"Combined real-time PCR and galactomannan surveillance improves diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in high risk patients with haematological malignancies","volume":"161","author":"TR Rogers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70076-8","article-title":"Galactomannan and PCR versus culture and histology for directing use of antifungal treatment for invasive aspergillosis in high-risk haematology patients: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"CO Morrissey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02214-09","article-title":"Detection of <italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/italic> in a rat model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis by real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification","volume":"48","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4150","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00570-11","article-title":"Molecular detection and species-specific identification of medically important <italic>Aspergillus<\/italic> species by real-time PCR in experimental invasive pulmonary aspergillosis","volume":"49","author":"TJ Walsh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2007.04.009","article-title":"Value of <italic>Aspergillus terreus<\/italic>-specific DNA, (1\u21923)-\u03b2-D-glucan and galactomannan detection in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens of experimentally infected mice","volume":"59","author":"ZU Khan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2007.01461.x","article-title":"Detection of <italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/italic>-specific DNA, (1\u21923)-\u03b2-D-glucan and galactomannan in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens of experimentally infected rats","volume":"51","author":"ZU Khan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.2.259","article-title":"Efficacy of prophylactic aerosol amphotericin B lipid complex in a rat model of pulmonary aspergillosis","volume":"41","author":"CE Cicogna","year":"1997","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4513","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00674-10","article-title":"Efficacy of PTX3 in a rat model of invasive aspergillosis","volume":"54","author":"P Lo Giudice","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/2047-783X-16-4-145","article-title":"Prophylaxis and treatment of invasive aspergillosis with voriconazole, posaconazole and caspofungin: review of the literature","volume":"16","author":"M Karthaus","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4879","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00673-10","article-title":"The initial 96 hours of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: histopathology, comparative kinetics of galactomannan and (1\u21923) \u03b2-D-glucan and consequences of delayed antifungal therapy","volume":"54","author":"WW Hope","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2008.01657.x","article-title":"Development of a nested PCR assay for the detection of <italic>Fusarium solani<\/italic> DNA and its evaluation in the diagnosis of invasive fusariosis using an experimental mouse model","volume":"53","author":"S Ahmad","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2004.01.002","article-title":"PCR-enzyme immunoassay of rDNA in the diagnosis of candidemia and comparison with amplicon detection by agarose gel electrophoresis","volume":"294","author":"S Ahmad","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2483","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.7.2483-2489.2002","article-title":"Seminested PCR for diagnosis of candidemia: comparison with culture, antigen detection, and biochemical methods for species identification","volume":"40","author":"S Ahmad","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2475","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02693-05","article-title":"Characterization and comparison of galactomannan enzyme immunoassay and quantitative real-time PCR assay for detection of <italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/italic> in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from experimental invasive pulmonary aspergillosis","volume":"44","author":"A Francesconi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2593","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00276-08","article-title":"Assessment of <italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/italic> burden in pulmonary tissue of guinea pigs by quantitative PCR, galactomannan enzyme immunoassay, and quantitative culture","volume":"52","author":"AC Vallor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3501","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00787-06","article-title":"Standardization of an experimental murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis","volume":"50","author":"DC Sheppard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2009.01695.x","article-title":"The utility of a nebulised intra-tracheal rat model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis","volume":"52","author":"J Chandenier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4366","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.10.5366-5368.2005","article-title":"Development of a nested qualitative real-time PCR assay to detect <italic>Aspergillus<\/italic> DNA in clinical specimens","volume":"43","author":"C Halliday","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2004.04904.x","article-title":"Prospective clinical evaluation of LightCycler-mediated polymerase chain reaction assay, a nested-PCR assay and galactomannan enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of invasive aspergillosis in neutropenic cancer patients and haematological stem cell transplant recipients","volume":"125","author":"D Buchheidt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-0488","article-title":"Accuracy of BAL galactomannan in diagnosing invasive aspergillosis: a bivariate metaanalysis and systematic review","volume":"138","author":"YL Guo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00226-08","article-title":"Performance characteristics of the platelia <italic>Aspergillus<\/italic> enzyme immunoassay for detection of <italic>Aspergillus<\/italic> galactomannan antigen in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid","volume":"15","author":"S Husain","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200704-606OC","article-title":"Galactomannan in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: a tool for diagnosing aspergillosis in intensive care unit patients","volume":"177","author":"W Meersseman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2825(1998)12:5<257::AID-JCLA1>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"Comparison of PCR, (1\u21923)-\u03b2-D-glucan and galactomannan assays in sera of rats with experimental invasive aspergillosis","volume":"12","author":"A Hashimoto","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.4.1434-1438.2000","article-title":"Quantitative galactomannan detection is superior to PCR in diagnosing and monitoring invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in an experimental rat model","volume":"38","author":"MJ Becker","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir185","article-title":"Comparison of an Aspergillus real-time polymerase chain reaction assay with galactomannan testing of bronchoalvelolar lavage fluid for the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in lung transplant recipients","volume":"52","author":"ML Luong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heng SC, Morrissey O, Chen SC, Thursky K, Manser RL, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2013) Utility of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid galactomannan alone or in combination with PCR for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in adult hematology patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Microbiol 2013 Jun 25. doi:<ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3109\/1040841X.2013.804033\" xlink:type=\"simple\">10.3109\/1040841X.2013.804033<\/ext-link>.","DOI":"10.3109\/1040841X.2013.804033"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.1.299-305.2005","article-title":"Contribution of (1\u21923)-\u03b2-D-glucan chromogenic assay to diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of invasive aspergillosis in neutropenic adult patients: a comparison with serial screening for circulating galactomannan","volume":"43","author":"C Pazos","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0100524","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,21]],"date-time":"2020-08-21T08:14:03Z","timestamp":1597997643000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0100524"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Scott G.","family":"Filler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,23]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0100524","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,23]]}}}