{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T14:02:04Z","timestamp":1790258524877,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,6]],"date-time":"2014-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1407283200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,6]],"date-time":"2014-08-06T13:45:21Z","timestamp":1407332721000},"page":"e101347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Profiles and Molecular Subtypes of Salmonella enterica Serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A Blood Isolates from Kolkata, India during 2009-2013"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Shanta","family":"Dutta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surojit","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Utpala","family":"Mitra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indranil","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelley S.","family":"Ganguly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ujjwayini","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phalguni","family":"Dutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilip Kumar","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"346","article-title":"The global burden of typhoid fever","volume":"82","author":"JA Crump","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.06.039818","article-title":"A study of typhoid fever in five Asian countries: disease burden and implications for control","volume":"86","author":"RL Ochiai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"431","article-title":"Occurrence &amp; antibiogram <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> Typhi &amp; <italic>S.<\/italic> Paratyphi A isolated from Rourkela, Orissa","volume":"133","author":"SS Bhattacharya","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ind J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.58730","article-title":"Emerging <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> Paratyphi A enteric fever and changing trends in antimicrobial resistance pattern of <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> in Shimla","volume":"28","author":"S Verma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-10-32","article-title":"Genetic diversity of <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> Typhi and Paratyphi in Shenzhen, China from 2002 to 2007","volume":"10","author":"W Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.4103\/2224-3151.206930","article-title":"Antibiogram of <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic> serovar Typhi and <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic> serovar Paratyphi A: a multi-centre study from India","volume":"1","year":"2012","journal-title":"WHO South-East Asia J Public Health"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"179","article-title":"Occurrence of multi-drug resistant <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> Typhi in Calcutta","volume":"95","author":"MR Saha","year":"1992","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"154","article-title":"Current status of drug resistance and phage types of <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> Typhi in India","volume":"97","author":"PK Pillai","year":"1993","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268805005844","article-title":"Antibiogram pattern and seasonality of <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> serotypes in a North Indian tertiary care hospital","volume":"134","author":"S Mohanty","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"239","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance trends in blood culture positive <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> Typhi isolates from Pondicherry, India, 2005\u20132009","volume":"18(3)","author":"GA Menezes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0704.017436","article-title":"Enteric fever treatment failures: A global concern","volume":"7","author":"DS Chandel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01509-07","article-title":"Clinical response and outcome of infection with Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones: a United States FoodNet multicenter retrospective cohort study","volume":"52","author":"JA Crump","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"101","article-title":"Treatment of enteric fever in children on the basis of current trends of antimicrobial susceptibility of <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic> serotype Typhi and Paratyphi A. Ind J Med Microbiol","volume":"24","author":"V Manchanda","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68691-1","article-title":"Drug-resistant enteric fever in the UK","volume":"367","author":"EJ Threlfall","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2794","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00676-08","article-title":"Extended-Spectrum-Beta-Lacramase production in a <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic> serotype Typhi strain from the Philippines","volume":"46","author":"N Al Naiemi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.47509-0","article-title":"Emergence of CTX-M-15 type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> spp. in Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates","volume":"57","author":"VO Rotimi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.001","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL)-producing <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic> (serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi A) from blood isolates in Nepal: surveillance of resistance and a search for newer alternatives","volume":"10","author":"BM Pokharel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4655","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00648-10","article-title":"First report of <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic> Paratyphi A azithromycin resistance leading to treatment failure","volume":"48","author":"A Molloy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"30","article-title":"Rationale of azithromycin prescribing practices for enteric fever in India","volume":"30(1)","author":"S Rai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1933","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001933","article-title":"Azithromycin and ciprofloxacin resistance in <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> bloodstream infections in Cambodian adults","volume":"6(12)","author":"ER Vlieghe","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.4.1427-1429.2003","article-title":"Integron-associated antibiotic resistance in <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic> serovar Typhi from Asia","volume":"47","author":"MC Ploy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2732","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.9.2732-2739.2003","article-title":"Molecular analysis of incHI1 antimicrobial resistance plasmids from <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> serovar Typhi strains associated with typhoid fever","volume":"47","author":"J Wain","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-010-9665-7","article-title":"Comparative virulence genotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility profiling of environmental and clinical <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic> from Cochin, India","volume":"62(1)","author":"A Parvathi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2013) Fourth external quality assessment scheme for <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> typing. ECDC, Stockholm."},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"1449","article-title":"Analysis of plasmid and chromosomal DNA of multidrug-resistant <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic> serovar Typhi from Asia. J. Clin","volume":"38","author":"S Mirza","year":"2000","journal-title":"Microbiol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/S1201-9712(00)90108-5","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant strains of <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic> serotype Typhi are genetically homogeneous and coexist with antibiotic-sensitive strains as distinct, independent clones","volume":"4","author":"KL Thong","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2002.01655.x","article-title":"Genetic diversity of <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic> serovar Paratyphi A from different geographical regions in Asia","volume":"92","author":"YL Goh","year":"2002","journal-title":"J App Microbiol"},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"World Health Organization (1983) Manual for laboratory investigation of acute enteric infections. Programme for Control of Diarrhoeal Diseases. WHO CDD\/83.3. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland."},{"key":"ref29","unstructured":"CLSI (2013) Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-Third Informational Supplement. CLSI document M100-S23. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3985","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00590-11","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility to azithromycin among <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic> isolates from the United States","volume":"55","author":"M Sjolund-Karlsson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.145.3.1365-1373.1981","article-title":"Rapid procedure for detection and isolation of large and small plasmids","volume":"145","author":"CI Kado","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2005.03.018","article-title":"Identification of plasmids by PCR-based replicon typing","volume":"63","author":"A Carattoli","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3996","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.10.3996-4001.2004","article-title":"Mechanisms of resistance in multiple-antibiotic-resistant <italic>Escherichia coli<\/italic> strains of human, animal, and food origin","volume":"48","author":"Y Saenz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2813","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.8.2813-2822.2002","article-title":"Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic> subsp. <italic>enterica<\/italic> serovar Typhimurium isolates from swine","volume":"40","author":"WA Gebreyes","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.2.503-511.2005","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic> serovar Muenchen from pigs and humans and potential interserovar transfer of antimicrobial resistance","volume":"49","author":"WA Gebreyes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46257-0","article-title":"Detection of virulence determinants in clinical strains of <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic> serovar Enteritidis and mapping on macrorestriction profiles","volume":"55","author":"SM Soto","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref37","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2013) Standard operating procedure for pulsenet PFGE <italic>Escherichia coli<\/italic> O157:H7, <italic>Escherichia coli<\/italic> non-O157 (STEC), <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> serotypes, <italic>Shigella sonnei<\/italic> and <italic>Shigella flexneri<\/italic> Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.pulsenetinternational.org\/SiteCollectionDocuments\/pfge\/5%201_5%202_5%204_PNetStand_Ecoli_with_Sflexner.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.pulsenetinternational.org\/SiteCollectionDocuments\/pfge\/5%201_5%202_5%204_PNetStand_Ecoli_with_Sflexner.pdf<\/ext-link>. Accessed 2013 Mar 24."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.33.9.2233-2239.1995","article-title":"Interpreting chromosomal DNA restriction patterns produced by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis: criteria for bacterial strain typing","volume":"33","author":"FC Tenover","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.2008\/001719-0","article-title":"Rising prevalence of enteric fever due to multidrug-resistant <italic>Salmonella<\/italic>: an epidemiological study","volume":"57","author":"S Kumar","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.4.1662-1663.2005","article-title":"Rollback of <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic> serovar Typhi resistance to chloramphenicol and other antimicrobials in Kolkata, India","volume":"49(4)","author":"S Dutta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2007.12.004","article-title":"Emergence of highly fluoroquinolone-resistant <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic> serovar Typhi in a community-based fever surveillance from Kolkata, India","volume":"31","author":"S Dutta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268808001076","article-title":"Molecular analysis of high-level ciprofloxacin resistance in <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic> serovar Typhi and <italic>S<\/italic>. Paratyphi A: need to expand the QRDR region?","volume":"137","author":"MR Capoor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.47353-0","article-title":"<italic>In vitro<\/italic> activity of azithromycin, newer quinolones and cephalosporins in ciprofloxacin resistant <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> causing enteric fever","volume":"58","author":"MR Capoor","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"CD006083","article-title":"Azithromycin for treating uncomplicated typhoid and paratyphoid fever (enteric fever)","volume":"4","author":"EE Effa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1245","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001245","article-title":"Emergence of a globally dominant IncH1 plasmid type associated with multiple-drug resistant typhoid","volume":"5(7)","author":"KE Holt","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.6.1595-1600.1998","article-title":"Molecular analysis of and identification of antibiotic resistance genes in clinical isolates of <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> Typhi from India","volume":"36","author":"PMA Shanahan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl391","article-title":"Molecular characterization of ciprofloxacin-resistant <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic> serovar Typhi and Paratyphi A causing enteric fever in India","volume":"58","author":"R Gaind","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"143","article-title":"<italic>Salmonella<\/italic> Paratyphi A is more genetically homogeneous than <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> Typhi, as indicated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis","volume":"74","author":"M Matsumoto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3485","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00948-07","article-title":"Clonal expansion and microevolution of quinolone-resistant <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic> serovar Typhi in Vietnam from 1996 to 2004","volume":"45","author":"AH Le","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0402.980223","article-title":"Molecular fingerprinting of multidrug-resistant <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic> serotype Typhi","volume":"4","author":"MD Hampton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.3201\/eid\/1706.100594","article-title":"Ciprofloxacin resistance <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> Typhi, United States, 1999\u20132008","volume":"17","author":"F Medalla","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0403.980348","article-title":"Molecular analysis of <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> Paratyphi A from an outbreak in New Delhi, India, by ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis","volume":"4","author":"KL Thong","year":"1998","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0101347","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,22]],"date-time":"2020-08-22T19:51:46Z","timestamp":1598125906000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0101347"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Mantis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,6]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0101347","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,6]]}}}