{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T04:02:17Z","timestamp":1788580937038,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,3]],"date-time":"2015-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,3]],"date-time":"2015-02-03T18:50:38Z","timestamp":1422989438000},"page":"e0101667","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Exploring the Sociodemographic and Clinical Features of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Sahal","family":"Al-Hajoj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Shoukri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziad","family":"Memish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raafat","family":"AlHakeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahad","family":"AlRabiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bright","family":"Varghese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Global Tuberculosis Report -2013","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2009.118133","article-title":"Increase in extrapulmonary tuberculosis in England and Wales 1999\u20132006","volume":"64","author":"ME Kruijshaar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Reported Tuberculosis in the United States-2012","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.9.936","article-title":"Tuberculosis in South Asians living in the United States, 1993\u20132004","volume":"168","author":"RJ Asghar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2005.02.023","article-title":"Sociodemographic factors that contribute to the development of extrapulmonary tuberculosis were identified","volume":"58","author":"J Cailhol","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-324","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcomes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis disease in adult patients with hematological malignancies","volume":"11","author":"CY Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-8-107","article-title":"Extrapulmonary tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus, and foreign birth in North Carolina, 1993\u20132006","volume":"8","author":"AM Kipp","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00020607","article-title":"Demographic characteristics of patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Germany","volume":"31","author":"M Forssbohm","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2011.03.005","article-title":"Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: epidemiology and risk factors","volume":"29","author":"JF Garcia-Rodriguez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1086\/380644","article-title":"Identification of risk factors for extrapulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"38","author":"Z Yang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-9","article-title":"Epidemiology of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Brazil: a hierarchical model","volume":"14","author":"T Gomes","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Statistical Book for the Year 1432","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Statistical Book for the Year 1427","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.4103\/0377-4929.64327","article-title":"Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in Saudi Arabia","volume":"53","author":"F Al-Otaibi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"881","article-title":"Extrapulmonary tuberculosis, clinical presentation and outcome","volume":"25","author":"ZA Bukhary","year":"2004","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2161","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02403-12","article-title":"Epidemiology of antituberculosis drug resistance in Saudi Arabia: findings of the first national survey","volume":"57","author":"S Al-Hajoj","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60580-6","article-title":"Age and the epidemiology and pathogenesis of tuberculosis","volume":"375","author":"PR Donald","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"121","article-title":"Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Poland in the years 1974\u20132010","volume":"81","author":"E Rowinska-Zakrzewska","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pneumonol Alergol Pol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2012.4","article-title":"Outbreak of Bacille Calmette-Guerin-related lymphadenitis in Saudi children at a university hospital after a change in the strain of vaccine","volume":"32","author":"AA Alrabiaah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2012.12.001","article-title":"Endogenous reactivation followed by exogenous re-infection with drug resistant strains, a new challenge for tuberculosis control in Saudi Arabia","volume":"93","author":"B Varghese","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tuberculosis (Edinb)"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"105","article-title":"Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: a retrospective review of 194 cases at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan","volume":"60","author":"S Chandir","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1209.050553","article-title":"Extrapulmonary tuberculosis by nationality, The Netherlands, 1993\u20132001","volume":"12","author":"LA te Beek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.18.12.20432-en","article-title":"Challenges in diagnosing extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the European Union, 2011","volume":"18","author":"I Solovic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e95654","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0095654","article-title":"Incidence of and risk factors associated with pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in Saudi Arabia (2010\u20132011)","volume":"9","author":"ZA Memish","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-8-8","article-title":"Comparison of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Nepal\u2014a hospital-based retrospective study","volume":"8","author":"CT Sreeramareddy","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-72005-0_8","article-title":"Mycobacterial infections in primary immunodeficiency patients","volume":"601","author":"E Galkina","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"217","article-title":"Endemic infections in Southeast Asia provide new insights to the phenotypic spectrum of primary immunodeficiency disorders","volume":"31","author":"PP Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2011.11.004","article-title":"Immune defects in active mycobacterial diseases in patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs)","volume":"110","author":"WI Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.4103\/0256-4947.51726","article-title":"Consanguinity and major genetic disorders in Saudi children: a community-based cross-sectional study","volume":"28","author":"MI El Mouzan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.32.8.623","article-title":"Consanguinity among the Saudi Arabian population","volume":"32","author":"MA el-Hazmi","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"14","article-title":"High Incidence of Severe Combined Immune Deficiency in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia Pediatr Asthma","volume":"19","author":"F Suliaman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"21","article-title":"Epidemiology of Chronic Granulomatous Disease of Childhood in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia Pediatr Asthma","volume":"22","author":"F Suliaman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2011.06379.x","article-title":"Primary immunodeficiency diseases in the Middle East","volume":"1250","author":"S Al-Muhsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-3767.61230","article-title":"Gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations of primary immune deficiency diseases","volume":"16","author":"SZ Al-Muhsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Saudi J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45919","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045919","article-title":"HIV case notification rates in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia over the past decade (2000\u20132009)","volume":"7","author":"MA Mazroa","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"1285","article-title":"Prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabian children and adolescents","volume":"29","author":"AS Al-Herbish","year":"2008","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1101954","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and HLA DRB1*04 cosegregation in Saudi type 2 diabetes patients","volume":"188","author":"NM Al-Daghri","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0101667","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]],"date-time":"2022-04-28T11:28:20Z","timestamp":1651145300000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0101667"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Niyaz","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,3]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0101667","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,3]]}}}