{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T08:36:30Z","timestamp":1790411790563,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,8]],"date-time":"2014-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1407456000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,8]],"date-time":"2014-08-08T18:47:52Z","timestamp":1407523672000},"page":"e104494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Joint Effects of Smoking and Silicosis on Diseases to the Lungs"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Lap Ah","family":"Tse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignatius T. S.","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi Chiu","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer (1997) IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Human, Silica, some silicates, coal dust, and para-aramid fibrils. vol. 68. Lyon: IARC Publications."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012214102061","article-title":"Pooled exposure-response analyses and risk assessment for lung cancer in 10 cohorts of silica-exposed workers: an IARC multicentre study","volume":"12","author":"K Steenland","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2006.028506","article-title":"Mortality from non-malignant respiratory diseases among people with silicosis in Hong Kong: exposure\u2013response analyses for exposure to silica dist","volume":"64","author":"LA Tse","year":"2007","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa0802902","article-title":"Mortality attributable to smoking in China","volume":"360","author":"D Gu","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdm089","article-title":"Lung cancer mortality among silicotic workers in Hong Kong\u2013no evidence for a link","volume":"18","author":"IT Yu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"Michel L (1998) ILO international classification of radiographs of pneumoconiosis. In Stellman JM (ed): Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety, 4th edition. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office 10.32\u201310.37."},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Epidemiology Standardization Project (American Thoracic Society)","volume":"118","author":"BG Ferris","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"Breslow NE, Day NE (1987) Statistical Methods in Cancer Research.Vol II - The design and analysis of cohort studies. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer 48\u201379."},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"133","article-title":"Exploring the joint effects of silicosis and smoking on lung cancer risks","volume":"120","author":"IT Yu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"Breslow NE, Day NE (1987) Statistical Methods in Cancer Research. Vol II - The design and analysis of cohort studies. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer 83\u2013116."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700130107","article-title":"Indirect methods of assessing the effects of tobacco use in occupational studies","volume":"13","author":"O Axelson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000248515.28903.3c","article-title":"Occupational exposure to crystalline silica and risk of lung cancer: a multicenter case-control study in Europe","volume":"18","author":"A Cassidy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6606006","article-title":"Silica dust, diesel exhaust, and painting work are the significant occupational risk factors for lung cancer in nonsmoking Chinese men","volume":"104","author":"LA Tse","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200404-512OC","article-title":"Smoking and tuberculosis among the elderly in Hong Kong","volume":"170","author":"CC Leung","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.181.3.290","article-title":"Association between tobacco smoking and active tuberculosis in Taiwan: is there really an association?","volume":"181","author":"E Hernandez-Garduno","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-9-53","article-title":"Cigarette smoke worsens lung inflammatio<italic>n<\/italic> and impairs resolution of influenza infection in mice","volume":"9","author":"C Gualano Rosa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mortality and smoking in Hong Kong: case-control study of all adult deaths in 1998","volume":"323","author":"TH Lam","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"58","article-title":"Incidence of silicosis among ceramic workers in central Italy","volume":"21","author":"F Cavariani","year":"1995","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0104494","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T21:46:16Z","timestamp":1588974376000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0104494"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Miao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,8]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0104494","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,8]]}}}