{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T07:57:04Z","timestamp":1789804624917,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,11]],"date-time":"2014-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1407715200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,11]],"date-time":"2014-08-11T18:20:57Z","timestamp":1407781257000},"page":"e104532","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Tick Surveillance for Relapsing Fever Spirochete Borrelia miyamotoi in Hokkaido, Japan"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ai","family":"Takano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kochi","family":"Toyomane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoru","family":"Konnai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Ohashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minoru","family":"Nakao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masako","family":"Andoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahisa","family":"Watarai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kozue","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Kawabata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-45-4-804","article-title":"Genetic and phenotypic analysis of <italic>Borrelia miyamotoi<\/italic> sp. nov., isolated from the ixodid tick <italic>Ixodes persulcatus<\/italic>, the vector for Lyme disease in Japan","volume":"45","author":"M Fukunaga","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Syst Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1089\/153036601750137624","article-title":"A relapsing fever group spirochete transmitted by <italic>Ixodes scapularis<\/italic> ticks","volume":"1","author":"GA Scoles","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/43.1.120","article-title":"Detection of a <italic>Borrelia miyamotoi<\/italic> sensu lato relapsing-fever group spirochete from <italic>Ixodes pacificus<\/italic> in California","volume":"43","author":"J Mun","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2003.130668","article-title":"Tick-borne Pathogens in Northwestern California, USA","volume":"20","author":"DJ Salkeld","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3308","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.9.3308-3312.2002","article-title":"Determination of novel <italic>Borrelia<\/italic> genospecies in Swedish <italic>Ixodes ricinus<\/italic> ticks","volume":"40","author":"CJ Fraenkel","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0906.020459","article-title":"Relapsing fever-like spirochetes infecting European vector tick of Lyme disease agent","volume":"9","author":"D Richter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1710.101474","article-title":"Humans infected with relapsing fever spirochete <italic>Borrelia miyamotoi<\/italic>, Russia","volume":"17","author":"AE Platonov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-159-1-201307020-00005","article-title":"<italic>Borrelia miyamotoi<\/italic> infection presenting as human granulocytic anaplasmosis: a case report","volume":"159","author":"HR Chowdri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1209039","article-title":"Meningoencephalitis from <italic>Borrelia miyamotoi<\/italic> in an immunocompromised patient","volume":"368","author":"JL Gugliotta","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61644-X","article-title":"A case of meningoencephalitis by the relapsing fever spirochaete <italic>Borrelia miyamotoi<\/italic> in Europe","volume":"382","author":"JW Hovius","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51914","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051914","article-title":"Detection and genetic characterization of relapsing fever spirochete <italic>Borrelia miyamotoi<\/italic> in Estonian ticks","volume":"7","author":"J Geller","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/29.2.216","article-title":"Prevalence of Lyme borreliosis spirochetes in ixodid ticks of Japan, with special reference to a new potential vector, <italic>Ixodes ovatus<\/italic>","volume":"29","author":"K Miyamoto","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2004.229","article-title":"Terrestrial distribution of the Lyme borreliosis agent <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> sensu lato in East Asia","volume":"57","author":"T Masuzawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2012.1027","article-title":"<italic>Borrelia miyamotoi<\/italic> infections among wild rodents show age and month independence and correlation with <italic>Ixodes persulcatus<\/italic> larval attachment in Hokkaido, Japan","volume":"13","author":"KR Taylor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.7601\/mez.43.229","article-title":"A new record of <italic>Ixodes pavlovskyi<\/italic> Pomerantzev from Hokkaido, Japan (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume":"43","author":"M Nakao","year":"1992","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2000)086[0038:MPAOIT]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Molecular phylogenetic analysis of ixodid ticks based on the ribosomal DNA spacer, internal transcribed spacer 2, sequences","volume":"86","author":"M Fukunaga","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.7601\/mez.65.13","article-title":"Construction of a DNA database for ticks collected in Japan: application of molecular identification based on the mitochondrial 16S rDNA gene","volume":"65","author":"A Takano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Entomol Zool"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.47363-0","article-title":"Development of a multiplex PCR assay for identification of <italic>Campylobacter coli<\/italic>, <italic>Campylobacter fetus<\/italic>, <italic>Campylobacter hyointestinalis<\/italic> subsp. hyointestinalis, <italic>Campylobacter jejuni<\/italic>, <italic>Campylobacter lari<\/italic> and <italic>Campylobacter upsaliensis<\/italic>","volume":"56","author":"W Yamazaki-Matsune","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"521","article-title":"Isolation and cultivation of Lyme disease spirochetes","volume":"57","author":"AG Barbour","year":"1984","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02544-10","article-title":"Multilocus sequence typing implicates rodents as the main reservoir host of human-pathogenic <italic>Borrelia garinii<\/italic> in Japan","volume":"49","author":"A Takano","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.09-0208","article-title":"Niche partitioning of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> and <italic>Borrelia miyamotoi<\/italic> in the same tick vector and mammalian reservoir species","volume":"81","author":"AG Barbour","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1758-2229.2011.00280.x","article-title":"Characterization of reptile-associated <italic>Borrelia<\/italic> sp. in the vector tick, <italic>Amblyomma geoemydae<\/italic>, and its association with Lyme disease and Relapsing fever <italic>Borrelia<\/italic> spp","volume":"3","author":"A Takano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol Rep"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8730","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0800323105","article-title":"MLST of housekeeping genes captures geographic population structure and suggests a European origin of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic>","volume":"105","author":"G Margos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msr121","article-title":"MEGA5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis using Maximum Likelihood, Evolutionary Distance, and Maximum Parsimony Methods","volume":"28","author":"K Tamura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2012.06.003","article-title":"A novel relapsing fever <italic>Borrelia<\/italic> sp. infects the salivary glands of the molted hard tick, <italic>Amblyomma geoemydae<\/italic>","volume":"3","author":"A Takano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"e00713","article-title":"Chromosome Sequence of <italic>Borrelia miyamotoi<\/italic>, an Uncultivable Tick-Borne Agent of Human Infection","volume":"1","author":"F Hue","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genome Announc"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"1467","article-title":"An epidemic study of 700 cases with tick bites in Hokkaido prefecture during the past 6 years: Relationship to Lyme Disease","volume":"112","author":"Y Hashimoto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Jpn J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2009.0033","article-title":"The tick <italic>Ixodes pavlovskyi<\/italic> as a host of spirochetes pathogenic for humans and its possible role in the epizootiology and epidemiology of borrelioses","volume":"10","author":"EI Korenberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0802.010198","article-title":"Vector interactions and molecular adaptations of Lyme disease and relapsing fever spirochetes associated with transmission by ticks","volume":"8","author":"TG Schwan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbour AG (2005) Relapsing fever. In: Goodman JL, Dennis DT, Sonenshine DE, editors.Tick-borne diseases of humans: ASM Press. pp. 268\u2013291.","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555816490.ch16"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0104532","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T05:34:35Z","timestamp":1717220075000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0104532"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Brian","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,11]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0104532","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,11]]}}}