{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T13:14:19Z","timestamp":1790342059764,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,25]],"date-time":"2014-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1408924800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,25]],"date-time":"2014-08-25T14:04:19Z","timestamp":1408975459000},"page":"e105946","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Implicit Racial Attitudes Influence Perceived Emotional Intensity on Other-Race Faces"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Qiandong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guowei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoquan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao S.","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genyue","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s11031-006-9020-2","article-title":"Emotional expressions forecast approach-avoidance behavior","volume":"30","author":"RB Adams Jr","year":"2006","journal-title":"Motivation and Emotion"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(02)00017-7","article-title":"Selective orienting of attention to masked threat faces in social anxiety","volume":"40","author":"K Mogg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"ref3","volume":"2","unstructured":"Rosenthal MZ, Kim K, Herr NR, Smoski MJ, Cheavens JS, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2011) Speed and accuracy of facial expression classification in avoidant personality disorder: A preliminary study. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment <volume>2<\/volume>.."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03086","article-title":"A mechanism for impaired fear recognition after amygdala damage","volume":"433","author":"R Adolphs","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.00221","article-title":"Unconscious facial reactions to emotional facial expressions","volume":"11","author":"U Dimberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.48.4.384","article-title":"Facial expression and emotion","volume":"48","author":"P Ekman","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2006.08.003","article-title":"A fine-grained analysis of facial expression processing in high-functioning adults with autism","volume":"45","author":"K Humphreys","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.128.2.203","article-title":"On the universality and cultural specificity of emotion recognition: a meta-analysis","volume":"128","author":"HA Elfenbein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0956-7976.2003.psci_1478.x","article-title":"Facing Prejudice Implicit Prejudice and the Perception of Facial Threat","volume":"14","author":"K Hugenberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0956-7976.2004.00680.x","article-title":"Ambiguity in social categorization the role of prejudice and facial affect in race categorization","volume":"15","author":"K Hugenberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2008.05.002","article-title":"Look Black in anger: The role of implicit prejudice in the categorization and perceived emotional intensity of racially ambiguous faces","volume":"44","author":"PB Hutchings","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Exp Soc Psychol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1006\/jesp.1999.1418","article-title":"Automatic preference for White Americans: Eliminating the familiarity explanation","volume":"36","author":"N Dasgupta","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Exp Soc Psychol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1037\/1089-2699.6.1.101","article-title":"Harvesting implicit group attitudes and beliefs from a demonstration web site","volume":"6","author":"BA Nosek","year":"2002","journal-title":"Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.56.1.5","article-title":"Stereotypes and prejudice: their automatic and controlled components","volume":"56","author":"PG Devine","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797612463081","article-title":"Two Signatures of Implicit Intergroup Attitudes Developmental Invariance and Early Enculturation","volume":"24","author":"Y Dunham","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1080\/10646170903065803","article-title":"Stereotypes of African Americans and media use among Chinese high school students","volume":"20","author":"A Tan","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Howard Journal of Communications"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1006\/jesp.2000.1470","article-title":"Relations among the Implicit Association Test, Discriminatory Behavior, and Explicit Measures of Racial Attitudes","volume":"37","author":"AR McConnell","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Exp Soc Psychol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican1170-96","article-title":"Experiments in intergroup discrimination","volume":"223","author":"H Tajfel","year":"1970","journal-title":"Scientific American"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vaughan GM, Tajfel H, Williams J (1981) Bias in reward allocation in an intergroup and an interpersonal context. Social Psychology Quarterly: 37\u201342.","DOI":"10.2307\/3033861"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02253869","article-title":"Behold the wrath: Psychophysiological responses to facial stimuli","volume":"20","author":"U Dimberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"Motivation and Emotion"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.1.1.70","article-title":"A functional MRI study of human amygdala responses to facial expressions of fear versus anger","volume":"1","author":"PJ Whalen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.08.017","article-title":"Differential amygdala responses to happy and fearful facial expressions depend on selective attention","volume":"24","author":"MA Williams","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.85.2.197","article-title":"Understanding and using the implicit association test: An improved scoring algorithm","volume":"85","author":"AG Greenwald","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.74.6.1464","article-title":"Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: the implicit association test","volume":"74","author":"AG Greenwald","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"396","article-title":"Standardization and assessment of college Students&apos; facial expression of emotion","volume":"13","author":"Y Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lundqvist D, Flykt A, \u00d6hman A (1998) The Karolinska directed emotional faces. Stockholm, Sweden: Karolinska Institute.","DOI":"10.1037\/t27732-000"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.42.1.351","article-title":"FACES\u2014A database of facial expressions in young, middle-aged, and older women and men: Development and validation","volume":"42","author":"NC Ebner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.42.3.671","article-title":"Controlling low-level image properties: The SHINE toolbox","volume":"42","author":"V Willenbockel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7710","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1014345108","article-title":"Implicit race attitudes predict trustworthiness judgments and economic trust decisions","volume":"108","author":"DA Stanley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2008.07.022","article-title":"Bias and regulation of bias in intergroup interactions: Implicit attitudes toward Muslims and interaction quality","volume":"45","author":"K Gonsalkorale","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Exp Soc Psychol"},{"key":"ref31","volume":"45","unstructured":"Castelli L, Zogmaister C, Tomelleri S (2009) The transmission of racial attitudes within the family. Developmental Psychology <volume>45<\/volume>.."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.82.3.359","article-title":"Social norms and the expression and suppression of prejudice: the struggle for internalization","volume":"82","author":"CS Crandall","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2008.04.006","article-title":"The development of implicit intergroup cognition","volume":"12","author":"Y Dunham","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Newheiser A-K, Dunham Y, Merrill A, Hoosain L, Olson KR (2013) Preference for High Status Predicts Implicit Outgroup Bias Among Children From Low-Status Groups.","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035054"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2011.08.011","article-title":"White and Black American children&apos;s implicit intergroup bias","volume":"48","author":"A-K Newheiser","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Exp Soc Psychol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2011.01.003","article-title":"An angry = Outgroup effect","volume":"47","author":"Y Dunham","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Exp Soc Psychol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.5.3.267","article-title":"Social categorization and the perception of facial affect: Target race moderates the response latency advantage for happy faces","volume":"5","author":"K Hugenberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"805","article-title":"Core Affect, Prototypical Emotional Episodes, and Other Things Called Emotion: Dissecting the Elephant","volume":"76","author":"JA Russell","year":"1999","journal-title":"JPSP"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(02)00301-X","article-title":"Neural systems for recognizing emotion","volume":"12","author":"R Adolphs","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(97)00070-5","article-title":"Neuroanatomical correlates of pleasant and unpleasant emotion","volume":"35","author":"RD Lane","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1162\/089892900562552","article-title":"Performance on indirect measures of race evaluation predicts amygdala activation","volume":"12","author":"EA Phelps","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8721.2008.00568.x","article-title":"The neural basis of implicit attitudes","volume":"17","author":"D Stanley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Current Directions in Psychological Science"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2008.03.006","article-title":"Attending to threat: Race-based patterns of selective attention","volume":"44","author":"S Trawalter","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Exp Soc Psychol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1177\/1534582302001001003","article-title":"Recognizing emotion from facial expressions: Psychological and neurological mechanisms","volume":"1","author":"R Adolphs","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0105946","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,14]],"date-time":"2019-08-14T04:49:33Z","timestamp":1565758173000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0105946"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Tiziana","family":"Zalla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,25]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0105946","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,25]]}}}