{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:39:01Z","timestamp":1791275941640,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,9]],"date-time":"2014-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410220800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,9]],"date-time":"2014-09-09T13:58:46Z","timestamp":1410271126000},"page":"e107086","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Decreased Frequencies of Circulating Follicular Helper T Cell Counterparts and Plasmablasts in Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients Na\u00efve for TNF Blockers"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda-Bel\u00e9n","family":"Bautista-Caro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Arroyo-Villa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concepci\u00f3n","family":"Castillo-Gallego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenio","family":"de Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Peiteado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chamaida","family":"Plasencia-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Villalba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paloma","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Mateos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amaya","family":"Puig-Kr\u00f6ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilio","family":"Mart\u00edn-Mola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda-Eugenia","family":"Miranda-Car\u00fas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.133645","article-title":"The Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society classification criteria for peripheral spondyloarthritis and for spondyloarthritis in general","volume":"70","author":"M Rudwaleit","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.108233","article-title":"The development of Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society classification criteria for axial spondyloarthritis (part II): validation and final selection","volume":"68","author":"M Rudwaleit","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e3283534df4","article-title":"Pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis: autoimmune or autoinflammatory?","volume":"24","author":"C Ambarus","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-010-1413-7","article-title":"Anti-agalactosyl IgG antibody in ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis","volume":"29","author":"CL Chou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-010-1403-8","article-title":"Screening and evaluating the mimic peptides as a useful serum biomarker of ankylosing spondylitis using a phage display technique","volume":"31","author":"M Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kei109","article-title":"High positive predictive value of specific antibodies cross-reacting with a 28-kDa Drosophila antigen for diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"45","author":"C Duftner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"662","article-title":"A reinvestigation of the cross-reactivity between Klebsiella and HLA-B27 in the aetiology of ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"62","author":"K Georgopoulos","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202208","article-title":"Autoantibodies against CD74 in spondyloarthritis","volume":"73","author":"NT Baerlecken","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202177","article-title":"High prevalence of anti-CD74 antibodies specific for the HLA class II-associated invariant chain peptide (CLIP) in patients with axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"73","author":"X Baraliakos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34364","article-title":"Increased numbers of CD5+ B lymphocytes with a regulatory phenotype in spondylarthritis","volume":"64","author":"T Cantaert","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27383","article-title":"Different response to rituximab in tumor necrosis factor blocker-naive patients with active ankylosing spondylitis and in patients in whom tumor necrosis factor blockers have failed: a twenty-four\u2013week clinical trial","volume":"62","author":"IH Song","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2012.58","article-title":"Follicular helper T cells in immunity and systemic autoimmunity","volume":"8","author":"JE Craft","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.03.003","article-title":"Follicular helper T cells: lineage and location","volume":"30","author":"N Fazilleau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"1545","article-title":"J Exp Med","volume":"192","author":"D Breitfeld","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.11.1553","article-title":"CXC chemokine receptor 5 expression defines follicular homing T cells with B cell helper function","volume":"192","author":"P Schaerli","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.193.12.1373","article-title":"Subspecialization of CXCR5+ T cells: B helper activity is focused in a germinal center-localized subset of CXCR5+ T cells","volume":"193","author":"CH Kim","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-031210-101400","article-title":"Follicular helper CD4 T cells (TFH)","volume":"29","author":"S Crotty","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03555","article-title":"A RING-type ubiquitin ligase family member required to repress follicular helper T cells and autoimmunity","volume":"435(7041)","author":"CG Vinuesa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9970","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0603912103","article-title":"A Tlr7 translocation accelerates systemic autoimmunity in murine lupus","volume":"103","author":"S Subramanian","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20081886","article-title":"Follicular helper T cells are required for systemic autoimmunity","volume":"206","author":"MA Linterman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42269","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.374835","article-title":"Enforced expression of roquin protein in T cells exacerbates the incidence and severity of experimental arthritis","volume":"287","author":"YR Ji","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20040526","article-title":"SH2D1A regulates T-dependent humoral autoimmunity","volume":"200","author":"JD Hron","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1002\/art.25032","article-title":"Expansion of circulating T cells resembling follicular helper T cells is a fixed phenotype that identifies a subset of severe systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"62","author":"N Simpson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.12.012","article-title":"Human blood CXCR5(+)CD4(+) T cells are counterparts of T follicular cells and contain specific subsets that differentially support antibody secretion","volume":"34","author":"R Morita","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5556","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1002828","article-title":"CXCR5 expressing human central memory CD4 T cells and their relevance for humoral immune responses","volume":"186","author":"N Chevalier","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.01.006","article-title":"Blood relatives of follicular helper T cells","volume":"34","author":"CG Vinuesa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12162","article-title":"High frequencies of activated B cells and T follicular helper cells are correlated with disease activity in patients with new-onset rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"174","author":"J Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.024","article-title":"Follicular helper T cells may play an important role in the severity of primary Sj\u00f6gren&apos;s syndrome","volume":"147","author":"K Szabo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2003","article-title":"Increased frequency of follicular helper T cells in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease","volume":"97","author":"C Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"e21698","article-title":"High frequency of CD4+ CXCR5+ TFH cells in patients with immune-active chronic hepatitis B. PLoS One","volume":"6(7)","author":"J Feng","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001","article-title":"Expansion of circulating counterparts of follicular helper T cells in patients with myasthenia gravis","volume":"256","author":"C Luo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e75319","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075319","article-title":"Circulating TFH subset distribution is strongly affected in lupus patients with an active disease","volume":"8(9)","author":"C Le Coz","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.130125","article-title":"Higher frequency of peripheral blood interleukin 21 positive follicular helper T cells in patients with ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"40","author":"F Xiao","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref34","unstructured":"Wu S, Yang T, Pan F, Xia G, Hu Y, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2014) Increased frequency of circulating follicular helper T cells in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Mod Rheumatol [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 24716597."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780270401","article-title":"Evaluation of diagnostic criteria for ankylosing spondylitis. A proposal for modification of the New York criteria","volume":"27","author":"S van der Linden","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"74","article-title":"HLA-B27 and the immune response to enterobacterial antigens in ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"55","author":"A Trull","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.44.11.766","article-title":"IgA serum levels and disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis: a prospective study","volume":"44","author":"MJ Franssen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.138594","article-title":"Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society. Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS): defining cut-off values for disease activity states and improvement scores","volume":"70","author":"P Machado","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"51","article-title":"The effects of intravenous pulse methylprednisolone on immunological and inflammatory processes in ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"53","author":"MB Richter","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4927","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.7.4927","article-title":"ICOS deficiency is associated with a severe reduction of CXCR5+CD4 germinal center Th cells","volume":"177","author":"L Bossaller","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-201270","article-title":"Anti-TNF treatment blocks the induction of T cell-dependent humoral responses","volume":"72","author":"GF Salinas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"1542","article-title":"Gut inflammation in the spondyloarthropathies: clinical, radiologic, biologic and genetic features in relation to the type of histology. A prospective study","volume":"18","author":"H Mielants","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1235","article-title":"Increase in lymphoid follicles and leukocyte adhesion molecules emphasizes a role for the gut in spondyloarthropathy pathogenesis","volume":"198","author":"P Demetter","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/33.7.644","article-title":"Intestinal permeability in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and their healthy relatives","volume":"33","author":"O Mart\u00ednez-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.047092","article-title":"Increased gut permeability in Crohn&apos;s disease: is TNF the link?","volume":"53","author":"PR Gibson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2008.84","article-title":"The roles of CCR6 in migration of Th17 cells and regulation of effector T-cell balance in the gut","volume":"2","author":"C Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G710","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2001.280.4.G710","article-title":"Regulated MIP-3alpha\/CCL20 production by human intestinal epithelium: mechanism for modulating mucosal immunity","volume":"280","author":"A Izadpanah","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.19344","article-title":"Systemic antibody responses to gut microbes in health and disease","volume":"3","author":"K Zimmermann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2222","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5474.2222","article-title":"A primitive T cell-independent mechanism of intestinal mucosal IgA responses to commensal bacteria","volume":"288(5474)","author":"AJ Macpherson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3545","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901895","article-title":"T cell-independent IgA class switch recombination is restricted to the GALT and occurs prior to manifest germinal center formation","volume":"184","author":"P Bergqvist","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2012.42","article-title":"The transition of acute to chronic bowel inflammation in spondyloarthritis","volume":"8","author":"L Van Praet","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1183021","article-title":"Regulation of adaptive immunity by the innate immune system","volume":"327(5963)","author":"A Iwasaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0107086","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,16]],"date-time":"2022-04-16T13:41:04Z","timestamp":1650116464000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0107086"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Szodoray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,9]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0107086","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,9]]}}}