{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T08:32:10Z","timestamp":1791189130353,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,30]],"date-time":"2014-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412035200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,30]],"date-time":"2014-09-30T14:41:09Z","timestamp":1412088069000},"page":"e107850","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["The Cerebral Cost of Breathing: An fMRI Case-Study in Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Mike","family":"Sharman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Gallea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katia","family":"Lehongre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damien","family":"Galanaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Nicolas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Similowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Straus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lionel","family":"Naccache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2012.11.004","article-title":"<italic>Brainstem respiratory networks: building blocks and microcircuits<\/italic>","volume":"36(3)","author":"JC Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1991.sp018824","article-title":"<italic>Regional cerebral blood flow during volitional breathing in man<\/italic>","volume":"443","author":"JG Colebatch","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1993.sp019503","article-title":"<italic>Regional cerebral blood flow during volitional expiration in man: a comparison with volitional inspiration<\/italic>","volume":"461","author":"SC Ramsay","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"383","article-title":"<italic>Functional MRI localisation of central nervous system regions associated with volitional inspiration in humans<\/italic>,","author":"KC Evans","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.930000.49.659","article-title":"<italic>Brain activation during volitional control of breathing<\/italic>","volume":"49(6)","author":"V Smejkal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"McKay LC, Adams L, Frackowiak RS, Corfield DR (2008) <italic>A bilateral cortico-bulbar network associated with breath holding in humans, determined by functional magnetic resonance imaging<\/italic>, in <italic>Neuroimage<\/italic>: United States. p. 1824\u201332."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6607","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.14.6607","article-title":"<italic>Identification of human brain regions underlying responses to resistive inspiratory loading with functional magnetic resonance imaging<\/italic>","volume":"92(14)","author":"D Gozal","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118405","article-title":"<italic>Functional magnetic resonance imaging reveals brain regions mediating the response to resistive expiratory loads in humans<\/italic>","volume":"97(1)","author":"D Gozal","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"Isaev G, Murphy K, Guz A, Adams L (2002) <italic>Areas of the brain concerned with ventilatory load compensation in awake man<\/italic>, in <italic>J Physiol<\/italic>: England. p. 935\u201345."},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"Raux M, Ray P, Prella M, Duguet A, Demoule A, <etal>et al<\/etal>. (2007) <italic>Cerebral cortex activation during experimentally induced ventilator fighting in normal humans receiving noninvasive mechanical ventilation<\/italic>, in <italic>Anesthesiology<\/italic>: United States. p. 746\u201355."},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"Raux M, Straus C, Redolfi S, Morelot-Panzini C, Couturier A, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2007) <italic>Electroencephalographic evidence for pre-motor cortex activation during inspiratory loading in humans<\/italic>, in <italic>J Physiol<\/italic>: England. p. 569\u201378."},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"Tremoureux L, Raux M, Jutand L, Similowski T, (2010) <italic>Sustained preinspiratory cortical potentials during prolonged inspiratory threshold loading in humans<\/italic>, in <italic>J Appl Physiol (1985)<\/italic>: United States. p. 1127\u201333."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2013.08.005","article-title":"<italic>Functional magnetic resonance imaging suggests automatization of the cortical response to inspiratory threshold loading in humans<\/italic>","volume":"189(3)","author":"M Raux","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.98.2.676","article-title":"<italic>A default mode of brain function<\/italic>","volume":"98","author":"ME Raichle","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"Lehericy S, Benali H, Van de Moortele PF, Pelegrini-Issac M, Waechter T, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2005) <italic>Distinct basal ganglia territories are engaged in early and advanced motor sequence learning<\/italic>, in <italic>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A<\/italic>: United States. p. 12566\u201371."},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"Poldrack RA, Sabb FW, Foerde K, Tom SM, Asarnow RF, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2005) <italic>The neural correlates of motor skill automaticity<\/italic>, in <italic>J Neurosci<\/italic>: United States. p. 5356\u201364."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197011000-00003","article-title":"<italic>Failure of automatic control of ventilation (Ondine&apos;s curse). Report of an infant born with this syndrome and review of the literature<\/italic>","volume":"49(6)","author":"RB Mellins","year":"1970","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"Weese-Mayer DE, Berry-Kravis EM, Ceccherini I, Keens TG, Loghmanee DA, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2010) <italic>An official ATS clinical policy statement: Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome: genetic basis, diagnosis, and management<\/italic>, in <italic>Am J Respir Crit Care Med<\/italic>: United States. p. 626\u201344."},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"Amiel J, Laudier B, Attie-Bitach T, Trang H, de Pontual L, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2003) <italic>Polyalanine expansion and frameshift mutations of the paired-like homeobox gene PHOX2B in congenital central hypoventilation syndrome<\/italic>, in <italic>Nat Genet<\/italic>: United States. p. 459\u201361."},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Patwari PP, Carroll MS, Rand CM, Kumar R, Harper R, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2010) <italic>Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome and the PHOX2B gene: a model of respiratory and autonomic dysregulation<\/italic>, in <italic>Respir Physiol Neurobiol<\/italic>: Netherlands. p. 322\u201335."},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"Macey KE, Macey PM, Woo MA, Harper RK, Alger JR, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2004) <italic>fMRI signal changes in response to forced expiratory loading in congenital central hypoventilation syndrome<\/italic>, in <italic>J Appl Physiol (1985)<\/italic>: United States. p. 1897\u2013907."},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"Macey PM, Macey KE, Woo MA, Keens TG, Harper RM (2005) <italic>Aberrant neural responses to cold pressor challenges in congenital central hypoventilation syndrome<\/italic>, in <italic>Pediatr Res<\/italic>: United States. p. 500\u20139."},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"Macey PM, Woo MA, Macey KE, Keens TG, Saeed MM, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2005) <italic>Hypoxia reveals posterior thalamic, cerebellar, midbrain, and limbic deficits in congenital central hypoventilation syndrome<\/italic>, in <italic>J Appl Physiol (1985)<\/italic>: United States. p. 958\u201369."},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"Woo MA, Macey PM, Macey KE, Keens TG, Woo MS, <etal>et al<\/etal>. (2005) <italic>FMRI responses to hyperoxia in congenital central hypoventilation syndrome<\/italic>, in <italic>Pediatr Res<\/italic>: United States. p. 510\u20138."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.70.5.684","article-title":"<italic>Congenital central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome in six infants<\/italic>","volume":"70(5)","author":"C Guilleminault","year":"1982","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/140.2.368","article-title":"<italic>Hypoxic and hypercapnic ventilatory responses in awake children with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome<\/italic>","volume":"140(2)","author":"JY Paton","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/147.5.1185","article-title":"<italic>Ventilatory response to exercise in children with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome<\/italic>","volume":"147(5)","author":"JY Paton","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(93)90022-3","article-title":"<italic>Effect of mental activity on breathing in congenital central hypoventilation syndrome<\/italic>","volume":"94(3)","author":"SA Shea","year":"1993","journal-title":"Respir Physiol"},{"key":"ref29","unstructured":"Denot-Ledunois S, Vardon G, Perruchet P, Gallego J (1998) <italic>The effect of attentional load on the breathing pattern in children<\/italic>, in <italic>Int J Psychophysiol<\/italic>: Netherlands. p. 13\u201321."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1991.tb00413.x","article-title":"<italic>Assessing attentional control of breathing by reaction time<\/italic>","volume":"28(2)","author":"J Gallego","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e84534","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084534","article-title":"<italic>Does the Supplementary Motor Area Keep Patients with Ondine&apos;s Curse Syndrome Breathing While Awake<\/italic>?","volume":"9","author":"L Tremoureux","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"<italic>From neuropsychology to mental structure<\/italic>","author":"T Shallice","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"<italic>Cognitive neuropsychology: a clinical introduction<\/italic>","author":"RA McCarthy","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"<italic>Consciousness lost and found: A neuropsychological exploration<\/italic>","author":"L Weiskrantz","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref35","unstructured":"Pizoli CE, Shah MN, Snyder AZ, Shimony JS, Limbrick DD, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2011) <italic>Resting-state activity in development and maintenance of normal brain function<\/italic>, in <italic>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A<\/italic>: United States. p. 11638\u201343."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2010.21488","article-title":"<italic>Two distinct neuronal networks mediate the awareness of environment and of self<\/italic>","volume":"23(3)","author":"A Vanhaudenhuyse","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1977.44.2.367","article-title":"<italic>Paced auditory serial-addition task: a measure of recovery from concussion<\/italic>","volume":"44(2)","author":"DM Gronwall","year":"1977","journal-title":"Percept Mot Skills"},{"key":"ref38","unstructured":"Tombaugh TN (2006) <italic>A comprehensive review of the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT)<\/italic>, in <italic>Arch Clin Neuropsychol<\/italic>: United States. p. 53\u201376."},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"39","article-title":"[<italic>Refinement of an EEG diurnal vigilance index. Application to drug trials<\/italic>]","volume":"16(1)","author":"F Goldenberg","year":"1986","journal-title":"Rev Electroencephalogr Neurophysiol Clin"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"433","article-title":"[<italic>Utilization of theta\/alpha spectral range as an indicator of vigilance: pharmacological applications during repeated sleep latency tests<\/italic>]","volume":"18(5)","author":"F Goldenberg","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neurophysiol Clin"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/18.10.890","article-title":"<italic>Power density in theta\/alpha frequencies of the waking EEG progressively increases during sustained wakefulness<\/italic>","volume":"18(10)","author":"C Cajochen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910340211","article-title":"<italic>Retrospective estimation and correction of physiological fluctuation in functional MRI<\/italic>","volume":"34(2)","author":"X Hu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"ref43","unstructured":"Tzourio-Mazoyer N, Landeau B, Papathanassiou D, Crivello F, Etard O, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2002) <italic>Automated anatomical labeling of activations in SPM using a macroscopic anatomical parcellation of the MNI MRI single-subject brain<\/italic>, in <italic>Neuroimage<\/italic>: United States. p. 273\u201389."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218519","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/218519","article-title":"<italic>Contribution of exploratory methods to the investigation of extended large-scale brain networks in functional MRI: methodologies, results, and challenges<\/italic>","volume":"2008","author":"V Perlbarg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Biomed Imaging"},{"key":"ref45","unstructured":"Laufs H, Krakow K, Sterzer P, Eger E, Beyerle A, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2003) <italic>Electroencephalographic signatures of attentional and cognitive default modes in spontaneous brain activity fluctuations at rest<\/italic>, in <italic>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A<\/italic>: United States. p. 11053\u20138."},{"key":"ref46","unstructured":"Laufs H, Daunizeau J, Carmichael DW, Kleinschmidt A (2008) <italic>Recent advances in recording electrophysiological data simultaneously with magnetic resonance imaging<\/italic>, in <italic>Neuroimage<\/italic>: United States. p. 515\u201328."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.80.3.375","article-title":"<italic>Long-term follow-up of children with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome<\/italic>","volume":"80(3)","author":"J Oren","year":"1987","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21170","article-title":"<italic>Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome: neurocognitive functioning in school age children<\/italic>","volume":"45(1)","author":"FA Zelko","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"ref49","unstructured":"Pattinson KT, Mitsis GD, Harvey AK, Jbabdi S, Dirckx S, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2009) <italic>Determination of the human brainstem respiratory control network and its cortical connections in vivo using functional and structural imaging<\/italic>, in <italic>Neuroimage<\/italic>: United States. p. 295\u2013305."},{"key":"ref50","unstructured":"Laviolette L, Nierat MC, Hudson AL, Raux M, Allard E, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2013) <italic>The supplementary motor area exerts a tonic excitatory influence on corticospinal projections to phrenic motoneurons in awake humans<\/italic>, in <italic>PLoS One<\/italic>: United States. p. e62258."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-0277(00)00123-2","article-title":"<italic>Towards a cognitive neuroscience of consciousness: Basic evidence and a workspace framework<\/italic>","volume":"79","author":"S Dehaene","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1006\/ccog.1995.1049","article-title":"<italic>Measuring the relative magnitude of unconscious influences<\/italic>","volume":"4","author":"PM Merikle","year":"1995","journal-title":"Consciousness and Cognition"},{"key":"ref53","unstructured":"El Karoui I, Christoforidis K, Naccache L (2013) <italic>Do acquisition and transfer of a new strategy require conscious perception<\/italic>? in <italic>CNS Annual meeting<\/italic>. San Francisco."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03196485","article-title":"<italic>Sequential modulations of stimulus-response correspondence effects depend on awareness of response conflict<\/italic>","volume":"10","author":"W Kunde","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychon Bull Rev"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2012.00121","article-title":"<italic>The role of consciousness in cognitive control and decision making<\/italic>","volume":"6","author":"S van Gaal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11508","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011508","article-title":"<italic>Unconsciously triggered conflict adaptation<\/italic>","volume":"5(7)","author":"S Van Gaal","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2008.01.002","article-title":"<italic>Conscious influences on subliminal cognition exist and are asymmetrical: Validation of a double prediction<\/italic>","volume":"17","author":"L Naccache","year":"2008","journal-title":"Conscious Cogn"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3917\/rne.011.0042","article-title":"<italic>Contr\u00f4le ex\u00e9cutif et processus inconscients: une relation subtile<\/italic>","volume":"1","author":"L Naccache","year":"2009","journal-title":"Revue de Neuropsychologie"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0107850","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,4]],"date-time":"2025-05-04T19:00:32Z","timestamp":1746385232000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0107850"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Dante R.","family":"Chialvo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,30]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0107850","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.718893916.793501931","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,30]]}}}