{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T13:08:04Z","timestamp":1791983284956,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,23]],"date-time":"2014-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411430400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,23]],"date-time":"2014-09-23T18:08:46Z","timestamp":1411495726000},"page":"e108274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Reading Performance Is Enhanced by Visual Texture Discrimination Training in Chinese-Speaking Children with Developmental Dyslexia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Xiangzhi","family":"Meng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ou","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuzheng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.01.043","article-title":"Dyslexia (specific reading disability)","volume":"57","author":"SE Shaywitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(03)00035-7","article-title":"Developmental dyslexia: specific phonological deficit or general sensorimotor dysfunction?","volume":"13","author":"F Ramus","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.101.2.192","article-title":"The nature of phonological processing and its causal role in the acquisition of reading skills","volume":"101","author":"RK Wagner","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-934X(80)90139-X","article-title":"Auditory temporal perception, phonics, and reading disabilities in children","volume":"9","author":"P Tallal","year":"1980","journal-title":"Brain Lang"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1126\/science.271.5245.81","article-title":"Language comprehension in language-learning impaired children improved with acoustically modified speech","volume":"271","author":"P Tallal","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(98)70320-3","article-title":"Sensitivity to dynamic auditory and visual stimuli predicts nonword reading ability in both dyslexic and normal readers","volume":"8","author":"C Witton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6832","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.12.6832","article-title":"Auditory processing parallels reading abilities in adults","volume":"97","author":"M Ahissar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8760(94)90010-8","article-title":"Developmental dyslexia, neural timing and hemispheric lateralisation","volume":"18","author":"JF Stein","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(96)01005-3","article-title":"To see but not to read; the magnocellular theory of dyslexia","volume":"20","author":"J Stein","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1038\/271746a0","article-title":"Difficulties in auditory organisation as a possible cause of reading backwardness","volume":"271","author":"L Bradley","year":"1978","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2003.12.019","article-title":"Development of left occipitotemporal systems for skilled reading in children after a phonologically- based intervention","volume":"55","author":"BA Shaywitz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"77","article-title":"Reading skill and neural processing accuracy improvement after a 3-hour intervention in preschoolers with diffic processing deficits of language-learning impaired children ameliorated by training","volume":"271","author":"R Lovio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1126\/science.271.5245.77","article-title":"Temporal processing deficits of language-learning impaired children ameliorated by training","volume":"271","author":"MM Merzenich","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2860","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0030098100","article-title":"Neural deficits in children with dyslexia ameliorated by behavioral remediation: evidence from functional MRI","volume":"100","author":"E Temple","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/mbe.12016","article-title":"A rhythmic musical intervention for poor readers: a comparison of efficacy with a letter-base intervention","volume":"7(2)","author":"A Bhide","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mind, Brain and Education"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-012-9389-0","article-title":"Links between early rhythm skills, musical training, and phonological awareness","volume":"26","author":"C Moritz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Read Writ"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2012.00014","article-title":"Magnocellular training improves visual word recognition","volume":"6","author":"T Chouake","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11455","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1205566109","article-title":"Extra-large letter spacing improves reading in dyslexia","volume":"109","author":"M Zorzi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.01.044","article-title":"Action video games make dyslexic children read better","volume":"23","author":"S Franceschini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Gibson EJ (1969) Principles of perceptual learning. New York: Appleton\u2013Century\u2013Crofts."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2003.09.028","article-title":"Letter-recognition and reading speed in peripheral vision benefit from perceptual learning","volume":"44","author":"ST Chung","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2010.02.006","article-title":"Reading speed in the peripheral visual field of older adults: Does it benefit from perceptual learning?","volume":"50","author":"D Yu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang Z, Cheng-Lai A, Song Y, Cutting L, Jiang Y, et al.. (2014) A perceptual learning deficit in Chinese developmental dyslexia as revealed by visual texture discrimination training. Dyslexia in press. DOI:10.1002\/dys.1475.","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.1475"},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (1994) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Press."},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"Zhang HC, Wang XP (1985) Raven standard progressive matrices: Chinese city revision. Beijing: The National Revision Collaborative Group."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02865","article-title":"Biological abnormality of impaired reading isconstrained by culture","volume":"43","author":"WT Siok","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"433","article-title":"The Stability of Literacy-Related Cognitive Contributions to Chinese Character Naming and Reading Fluency. J Psycholinguist Res","volume":"42","author":"J Xue","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"427","article-title":"Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN) and Reading Fluency: Implications for Understanding and Treatment of Reading Disabilities. Annu Rev Psychol","volume":"63","author":"ES Norton","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref29","unstructured":"Wang XL, Tao BP (1996). Chinese character recognition test battery and assessment scale forprimary school children. Shanghai: Shanghai Education Press."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.12.003","article-title":"Neural deficits in second language reading: fMRI evidence from Chinese-speaking children with English reading impairment","volume":"57","author":"H You","year":"2011","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4966","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.11.4966","article-title":"Where practice makes perfect in texture discrimination: Evidence for primary visual cortex plasticity","volume":"88","author":"A Karni","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17137","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.242414599","article-title":"Neural correlates of perceptual learning: A functional MRIstudy of visual texture discrimination","volume":"99","author":"S Schwartz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.02.034","article-title":"Different dynamics of performance and brainactivation in the time course of perceptual learning","volume":"57","author":"Y Yotsumoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03210983","article-title":"The evidence for a temporal processing deficit linked to dyslexia: A review","volume":"2","author":"ME Farmer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychon Bull Rev"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.27.4.919","article-title":"Learning to ignore the mask in texture segmentation tasks","volume":"27","author":"A Schub\u00f6","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12.1","DOI":"10.1167\/9.4.12","article-title":"Early-vision brain responses which predict human visual segmentation and learning","volume":"9","author":"N Censor","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9.1","DOI":"10.1167\/13.5.9","article-title":"The classical TDT perceptual learning is mostly temporal learning","volume":"13","author":"R Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2009.06.005","article-title":"Making perceptual learning practical to improve visual functions","volume":"49","author":"U Polat","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2009.04.013","article-title":"Backward masking suppresses collinear facilitation in the visual cortex","volume":"49","author":"A Sterkin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2009.10.005","article-title":"Development of a training protocol to improve reading performance in peripheral vision","volume":"50","author":"D Yu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2012.11.009","article-title":"Learning to identify crowded letters: does the learning depend on the frequency of training?","volume":"77","author":"ST Chung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2012.06.012","article-title":"Can reading-specific training stimuli improve the effect of perceptual learning on peripheral reading speed?","volume":"66","author":"JB Bernard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6034","article-title":"Improving reading speed for people with central vision loss through perceptual learning","volume":"52","author":"ST Chung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref44","unstructured":"Lin O (2013) Texture discrimination training and reading development in Chinese-speaking school children. Peking University thesis, Beijing, June."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14.1","DOI":"10.1167\/9.4.14","article-title":"Crowding, reading, and developmental dyslexia","volume":"9","author":"M Martelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(08)70840-2","article-title":"Visual-spatial attention in developmental dyslexia","volume":"36","author":"A Facoetti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-6410(02)00148-9","article-title":"The role of visuospatial attention in developmental dyslexia: evidence from a rehabilitation study","volume":"15","author":"A Facoetti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Res Cogn Brain Res"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2007.11.001","article-title":"Spatial cueing deficits in dyslexia reflect generalised difficulties with attentional selection","volume":"48","author":"NW Roach","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2012.03.013","article-title":"A causal link between visual spatial attention and reading acquisition","volume":"22","author":"S Franceschini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e34826","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034826","article-title":"The N2pc is increased by perceptual learning but is unnecessary for the transfer of learning","volume":"7","author":"A An","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2013.10.004","article-title":"Comparison of perceptual learning of real and virtual line orientations: an event-related potential study","volume":"93","author":"F Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S1566-2772(01)00015-9","article-title":"The neurobiology of dyslexia","volume":"1","author":"BA Shaywitz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Neurosci Res"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0108274","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T05:13:52Z","timestamp":1540271632000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0108274"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Hengyi","family":"Rao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,23]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0108274","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,23]]}}}