{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T23:51:57Z","timestamp":1790639517324,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,26]],"date-time":"2014-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,26]],"date-time":"2014-09-26T18:41:33Z","timestamp":1411756893000},"page":"e108320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["A Longitudinal Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Su-Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So-Young","family":"Huh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-Won","family":"Hyun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In Hye","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Hyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AeRan","family":"Joung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ho Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2008000100001","article-title":"Neuromyelitis optica: brain abnormalities in a Brazilian cohort","volume":"66","author":"DB Bichuetti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458507082617","article-title":"Brain magnetic resonance imaging findings in acute relapses of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders","volume":"14","author":"J Cabrera-Gomez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2011.03565.x","article-title":"Conventional brain MRI in neuromyelitis optica","volume":"19","author":"JA Cabrera-Gomez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"735486","article-title":"Brain abnormalities in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder","volume":"2012","author":"W Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mult Scler Int"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2011.7.3.115","article-title":"New insights into neuromyelitis optica","volume":"7","author":"W Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Neurol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458510376640","article-title":"Characteristic brain magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in central nervous system aquaporin-4 autoimmunity","volume":"16","author":"W Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458509106613","article-title":"Extensive vasogenic edema of anti-aquaporin-4 antibody-related brain lesions","volume":"15","author":"T Matsushita","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.63.3.390","article-title":"Brain abnormalities in neuromyelitis optica","volume":"63","author":"SJ Pittock","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318214332c","article-title":"Neuromyelitis optica unique area postrema lesions: nausea, vomiting, and pathogenic implications","volume":"76","author":"BF Popescu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2009.05.022","article-title":"Extensive hemispheric lesions with radiological evidence of blood-brain barrier integrity in a patient with neuromyelitis optica","volume":"284","author":"S Saiki","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511404917","article-title":"Brain abnormalities as an initial manifestation of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder","volume":"17","author":"W Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.10.1506","article-title":"A pathology-MRI study of the short-T2 component in formalin-fixed multiple sclerosis brain","volume":"55","author":"GR Moore","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000216139.44259.74","article-title":"Revised diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica","volume":"66","author":"DM Wingerchuk","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70216-8","article-title":"The spectrum of neuromyelitis optica","volume":"6","author":"DM Wingerchuk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511424590","article-title":"Quantitative measurement of anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using purified recombinant human aquaporin-4","volume":"18","author":"W Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.01.002","article-title":"Standardized method for the detection of antibodies to aquaporin-4 based on a highly sensitive immunofluorescence assay employing recombinant target antigen","volume":"291","author":"S Jarius","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.5.1107","article-title":"The clinical course of neuromyelitis optica (Devic\u2019s syndrome)","volume":"53","author":"DM Wingerchuk","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458509103301","article-title":"Occurrence of acute large and edematous callosal lesions in neuromyelitis optica","volume":"15","author":"M Nakamura","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000343001.36493.ae","article-title":"Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders","volume":"72","author":"SM Magana","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl371","article-title":"Pattern-specific loss of aquaporin-4 immunoreactivity distinguishes neuromyelitis optica from multiple sclerosis","volume":"130","author":"SF Roemer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458512441271","article-title":"Central nervous system aquaporin-4 autoimmunity presenting with an isolated cerebral abnormality","volume":"18","author":"SH Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458505ms1236cr","article-title":"An autopsied case of neuromyelitis optica with a large cavitary cerebral lesion","volume":"11","author":"M Nakamura","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458512454772","article-title":"Diffuse and heterogeneous T2-hyperintense lesions in the splenium are characteristic of neuromyelitis optica","volume":"19","author":"T Makino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm047","article-title":"Loss of aquaporin 4 in lesions of neuromyelitis optica: distinction from multiple sclerosis","volume":"130","author":"T Misu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511431072","article-title":"Advanced magnetic resonance imaging of neuromyelitis optica: a multiparametric approach","volume":"18","author":"A Pichiecchio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20081241","article-title":"Aquaporin-4-binding autoantibodies in patients with neuromyelitis optica impair glutamate transport by down-regulating EAAT2","volume":"205","author":"SR Hinson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(01)00249-1","article-title":"Complement regulatory proteins and selective vulnerability of neurons to lysis on exposure to acetylcholinesterase antibody","volume":"115","author":"H Tang","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2009.188","article-title":"Prediction of neuromyelitis optica attack severity by quantitation of complement-mediated injury to aquaporin-4-expressing cells","volume":"66","author":"SR Hinson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1109980108","article-title":"Molecular outcomes of neuromyelitis optica (NMO)-IgG binding to aquaporin-4 in astrocytes","volume":"109","author":"SR Hinson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lassmann H (2008) The pathologic substrate of magnetic resonance alterations in multiple sclerosis. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 18: 563\u2013576, ix.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2008.06.005"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/111.4.927","article-title":"Serial gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis","volume":"111","author":"DH Miller","year":"1988","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000436079.95856.1f","article-title":"Distinction of seropositive NMO spectrum disorder and MS brain lesion distribution","volume":"81","author":"I Kister","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"986923","article-title":"Periventricular lesions help differentiate neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders from multiple sclerosis","volume":"2014","author":"E Raz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mult Scler Int"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182887957","article-title":"Distinction of seropositive NMO spectrum disorder and MS brain lesion distribution","volume":"80","author":"L Matthews","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182648bc8","article-title":"Distinct lesion morphology at 7-T MRI differentiates neuromyelitis optica from multiple sclerosis","volume":"79","author":"T Sinnecker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"398259","article-title":"Ultrahigh-Field MR (7T) imaging of brain lesions in neuromyelitis optica","volume":"2013","author":"I Kister","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mult Scler Int"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2009.01221.x","article-title":"Black holes in multiple sclerosis: definition, evolution, and clinical correlations","volume":"122","author":"MA Sahraian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(01)00519-6","article-title":"Infratentorial hypointense lesion volume on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging correlates with disability in patients with chronic cerebellar ataxia due to multiple sclerosis","volume":"187","author":"SJ Hickman","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0108320","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T08:56:48Z","timestamp":1589014608000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0108320"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Monika","family":"Bradl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,26]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0108320","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,26]]}}}