{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T14:35:52Z","timestamp":1768401352108,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]],"date-time":"2014-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412294400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]],"date-time":"2014-10-03T14:01:51Z","timestamp":1412344911000},"page":"e109424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Andrographis paniculata Leaf Extract Prevents Thioacetamide-Induced Liver Cirrhosis in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Daleya Abdulaziz","family":"Bardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Farouq","family":"Halabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pouya","family":"Hassandarvish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elham","family":"Rouhollahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammadjavad","family":"Paydar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soheil Zorofchian","family":"Moghadamtousi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nahla Saeed","family":"Al-Wajeeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdulwali","family":"Ablat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nor Azizan","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmood Ameen","family":"Abdulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60383-9","article-title":"Liver cirrhosis","volume":"371","author":"D Schuppan","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"479","article-title":"Risk of betel quid chewing on the development of liver cirrhosis: A community-based Case-Control Study","volume":"17","author":"CLH Hsiao TJ","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epidemiol Elsevier"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(96)00327-9","article-title":"Oxidative damage and fibrogenesis","volume":"22","author":"GPM Poli","year":"1997","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7613.75673","article-title":"Effect of <italic>Tinospora crispa<\/italic> on thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis in rats","volume":"43","author":"FA Kadir","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/137083","article-title":"Efficacy of <italic>Boesenbergia rotunda<\/italic> treatment against thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis in a rat model","volume":"2012","author":"SM Salama","year":"2012","journal-title":"Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"9","article-title":"Protective role of <italic>Phyllanthus niruri<\/italic> extract against thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis in rat model","volume":"2012","author":"ZA Amin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6146","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules17056146","article-title":"<italic>Ipomoea aquatica<\/italic> extract shows protective action against thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity","volume":"17","author":"SS Alkiyumi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/103039","article-title":"Hepatoprotective effects of <italic>Orthosiphon stamineus<\/italic> extract on thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis in rats","volume":"2011","author":"MA Alshawsh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/918460","article-title":"<italic>In vivo<\/italic> evaluation of ethanolic extract of <italic>zingiber officinale<\/italic> rhizomes for its protective effect against liver cirrhosis","volume":"2013","author":"D Abdulaziz Bardi","year":"2013","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/301879","article-title":"Pass-predicted hepatoprotective activity of <italic>Caesalpinia sappan<\/italic> in thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in rats","volume":"2014","author":"FA Kadir","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Scientific World Journal"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2009.05.006","article-title":"Evaluation of the genotoxic potential and acute oral toxicity of standardized extract of <italic>Andrographis paniculata<\/italic> (KalmCold\u2122)","volume":"47","author":"C Chandrasekaran","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food and Chemical Toxicology"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"3375","article-title":"Evaluation of <italic>Andrographis paniculata<\/italic> leaves extract for analgesic activity","volume":"4","author":"G Shivaprakash","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacy Research"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3433","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules16043433","article-title":"Antioxidant, total phenolic content and cytotoxicity evaluation of selected Malaysian plants","volume":"16","author":"SW Qader","year":"2011","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-010-0620-3","article-title":"Antibiofilm activity of <italic>Andrographis paniculata<\/italic> against cystic fibrosis clinical isolate <italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/italic>","volume":"27","author":"K Murugan","year":"2011","journal-title":"World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"767","article-title":"Antioxidant and gastroprotective activities of <italic>Andrographis paniculata<\/italic> (Hempedu Bumi) in <italic>Sprague Dawley<\/italic> rats","volume":"49","author":"S Wasman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Experimental Biology"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2010.496114","article-title":"Effect of <italic>Andrographis paniculata<\/italic> leaf extract on wound healing in rats","volume":"26","author":"FH Al-Bayaty","year":"2012","journal-title":"Natural Product Research"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S574","DOI":"10.1016\/S2222-1808(12)60224-2","article-title":"Larvicidal activity of <italic>Andrographis paniculata<\/italic> (Burm.f) Nees against <italic>Culex quinquefasciatus<\/italic> Say (Insecta: Diptera-Culicidae), a filarial vector","volume":"2","author":"BD Sheeja","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease"},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"Arunadevi R, Sudhakar S, Lipton AP (2010) Assessment of antibacterial activity and detection of small molecules in different parts of <italic>Andrographis paniculata<\/italic>. Journal of Theoretical and Experimental Biology 6: Article 192."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/S0367-326X(03)00159-X","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of <italic>Andrographis paniculata<\/italic>","volume":"74","author":"PK Singha","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2004.03.004","article-title":"Anticancer and immunostimulatory compounds from <italic>Andrographis paniculata<\/italic>","volume":"92","author":"R Ajaya Kumar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(11)60064-3","article-title":"Evaluation of <italic>Andrographis paniculata<\/italic> Burm.f. (Family:Acanthaceae) extracts against <italic>Culex quinquefasciatus<\/italic> (Say.) and <italic>Aedes aegypti<\/italic> (Linn.) (Diptera:Culicidae)","volume":"4","author":"M Govindarajan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1248\/jhs.54.370","article-title":"Pharmacological aspects of <italic>Andrographis paniculata<\/italic> on health and its major diterpenoid constituent andrographolide","volume":"54","author":"K Jarukamjorn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of health science"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"83","article-title":"A review on hepatoprotective plants","volume":"3","author":"M Ramya","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Phytopharmacy Research"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1093\/ecam\/nep135","article-title":"Andrographolide: a new plant-derived antineoplastic entity on horizon","volume":"2011","author":"A Varma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"2097","article-title":"The toxic effect of thioacetamide on rat liver <italic>in vitro<\/italic>","volume":"24","author":"P Sta\u0148kov\u00e1","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"10","article-title":"Hepatoprotective effects of <italic>panus giganteus<\/italic> (berk.) corner against thioacetamide-(taa-) induced liver injury in rats","volume":"2012","author":"WL Wong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04231.x","article-title":"Oxidative stress in the development of liver cirrhosis: a comparison of two different experimental models","volume":"21","author":"SK Natarajan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"220","article-title":"Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals","volume":"8","author":"J Garber","year":"2010","journal-title":"The National Academic Press, Washington DC"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"OECD (2002) Guidance Document on Acute Oral Toxicity. Environmental health and safety monograph series on testing and assessment: 01\u201324.","DOI":"10.1787\/9789264078413-en"},{"key":"ref30","unstructured":"Ghosh M (2005) Fundamentals of Experimental Pharmacology Hilton and Company. Kolkata, India."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.03.006","article-title":"The effects of <italic>Pastacia lentiscus<\/italic> in experimental liver disease.","volume":"100","author":"P Ljubuncicl","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"150","article-title":"Hepatoprotective Role of Herbal Plants\u2013A Review","volume":"3","author":"DK Mittal","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1078\/0944-7113-00044","article-title":"Comparative study of the assay of <italic>Artemia salina<\/italic> L. and the estimate of the medium lethal dose (LD50 value) in mice, to determine oral acute toxicity of plant extracts","volume":"8","author":"A Lagarto Parra","year":"2001","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"91","article-title":"Toxicological Implications of Aqueous Leaf Extract of <italic>Andrographis paniculata<\/italic> in Wistar Rat","volume":"10","author":"EB Oyewo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature and Science"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23795","article-title":"CX3CL1-CX3CR1 interaction prevents carbon tetrachloride-induced liver inflammation and fibrosis in mice","volume":"52","author":"T Aoyama","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"204","article-title":"Hepatoprotective potential of Andrographis paniculata aqueous leaf extract on ethanol","volume":"1","author":"A Sivaraj","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.4236\/cm.2012.33022","article-title":"Hepatoprotective Diterpenoids Isolated from <italic>Andrographis paniculata<\/italic>","volume":"3","author":"WW Chao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.09.026","article-title":"Hepatoprotective activity of <italic>Andrographis Paniculata<\/italic> and <italic>Swertia Chirayita<\/italic>","volume":"49","author":"R Nagalekshmi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food and Chemical Toxicology"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alshawsh MA, Abdulla MA, Ismail S, Amin ZA (2011) Hepatoprotective effects of <italic>Orthosiphon stamineus<\/italic> extract on thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis in rats. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2011: doi:10.1155\/2011\/103039.","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/103039"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"232","article-title":"Protective action of ursolic acid against chemical induced hepato-toxicity in rats","volume":"28","author":"S Binduja","year":"1996","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"2983","article-title":"Hepatoprotective activity of <italic>andrographis paniculata<\/italic> on paracetamol induced liver damage in rats","volume":"5","author":"G Rajalakshmi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacy Research"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"361","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of liver fibrosis","volume":"120","author":"DA Brenner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-010-0502-z","article-title":"Modulation of the cannabinoid receptors by andrographolide attenuates hepatic apoptosis following bile duct ligation in rats with fibrosis","volume":"15","author":"T-Y Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2011.02.011","article-title":"Anti-fibrogenic strategies and the regression of fibrosis","volume":"25","author":"T Kisseleva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"578","article-title":"Anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibody","volume":"68","author":"Y Takasaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nihon Rinsho Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"2268","article-title":"Prognostic significance of proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"73","author":"IOL Ng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2013.1196","article-title":"Andrographolide inhibits the activation of NF\u03baB and MMP9 activity in H3255 lung cancer cells","volume":"6","author":"W Luo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.3350\/kjhep.2011.17.4.251","article-title":"NADPH oxidase mediated oxidative stress in hepatic fibrogenesis","volume":"17","author":"Y-H Paik","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Korean Journal of Hepatology"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1117","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1998.275.5.G1117","article-title":"Nitric oxide mediates hepatocyte injury","volume":"275","author":"JH Wang","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2006.10.026","article-title":"Protective activity of andrographolide and arabinogalactan proteins from <italic>Andrographis paniculata<\/italic> Nees. against ethanol-induced toxicity in mice","volume":"111","author":"PK Singha","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1573(199903)13:2<157::AID-PTR388>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"Effects of 14-deoxyandrographolide and 14-deoxy-11, 12-didehydroandrographolide on nitric oxide production in cultured human endothelial cells","volume":"13","author":"C Zhang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Phytotherapy Research"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mandal S, Nelson VK, Mukhopadhyay S, Bandhopadhyay S, Maganti L, <etal>et al<\/etal>. (2013) 14-deoxyandrographolide targets adenylate cyclase and prevents ethanol-induced liver injury through constitutive NOS dependent reduced redox signaling in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2013.05.056"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703191","article-title":"Mechanisms of suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in RAW 264.7 cells by andrographolide","volume":"129","author":"WF Chiou","year":"2000","journal-title":"British Journal Of Pharmacology"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702073","article-title":"Andrographolide suppresses the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in macrophage and restores the vasoconstriction in rat aorta treated with lipopolysaccharide","volume":"125","author":"WF Chiou","year":"1998","journal-title":"British Journal Of Pharmacology"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2493","article-title":"Cytotoxic constituents from <italic>Andrographis paniculata<\/italic> induce cell cycle arrest in Jurkat cells","volume":"22","author":"M Geethangili","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phytotherapy Research"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-873128","article-title":"Andrographolide isolated from <italic>Andrographis paniculata<\/italic> induces cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in human leukemic HL-60 cells","volume":"71","author":"H-Y Cheung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Planta Medica"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2007.04.027","article-title":"Andrographolide induces cell cycle arrest at G2\/M phase and cell death in HepG2 cells via alteration of reactive oxygen species","volume":"568","author":"J Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"European Journal Of Pharmacology"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2013.782051","article-title":"A novel bioactivity of andrographolide from <italic>Andrographis paniculata<\/italic> on cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion-induced brain injury through induction of cerebral endothelial cell apoptosis","volume":"51","author":"T-L Yen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Biology"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.141.6.1423","article-title":"The regulation of reactive oxygen species production during programmed cell death","volume":"141","author":"S Tan","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Journal of Cell Biology"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4755","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-10-0883","article-title":"Mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in lymphoma cells by the diterpenoid lactone andrographolide, the active component of <italic>Andrographis paniculata<\/italic>","volume":"16","author":"S Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical Cancer Research"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.2174\/1568009053202081","article-title":"Induction of apoptosis by curcumin and its implications for cancer therapy","volume":"5","author":"D Karunagaran","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Cancer Drug Targets"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0109424","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]],"date-time":"2019-08-15T16:19:41Z","timestamp":1565885981000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0109424"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Aamir","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0109424","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]]}}}