{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T11:46:52Z","timestamp":1789991212337,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,27]],"date-time":"2014-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1414368000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,27]],"date-time":"2014-10-27T14:09:45Z","timestamp":1414418985000},"page":"e110722","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Distribution of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Effects on Neuronal Survival and Axon Regeneration after Optic Nerve Crush and Cell Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Louise Alessandra","family":"Mesentier-Louro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila","family":"Zaverucha-do-Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Almir Jord\u00e3o","family":"da Silva-Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Nascimento-dos-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Gubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Beatriz Padilha","family":"de Figueir\u00eado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Luiza","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno D.","family":"Paredes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Tovar-Moll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosalia","family":"Mendez-Otero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo F.","family":"Santiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2011.07.002","article-title":"Causes of blindness and visual impairment in Latin America","volume":"57","author":"JM Furtado","year":"2012","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e31824cd4a7","article-title":"Epidemiological trends of traumatic optic nerve injuries in the largest Canadian adult trauma center","volume":"23","author":"F Pirouzmand","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0996","article-title":"Experimental glaucoma and optic nerve transection induce simultaneous upregulation of proapoptotic and prosurvival genes","volume":"47","author":"H Levkovitch-Verbin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1038\/35039559","article-title":"Regenerating the damaged central nervous system","volume":"407","author":"PJ Horner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.16.030193.000335","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of developmental neuronal death","volume":"16","author":"EM Johnson Jr","year":"1993","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5119-03.2004","article-title":"Counteracting the Nogo receptor enhances optic nerve regeneration if retinal ganglion cells are in an active growth state","volume":"24","author":"D Fischer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2007.04756.x","article-title":"Inhibition of Rho kinase (ROCK) increases neurite outgrowth on chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan in vitro and axonal regeneration in the adult optic nerve in vivo","volume":"103","author":"P Lingor","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm284","article-title":"ROCK inhibition and CNTF interact on intrinsic signalling pathways and differentially regulate survival and regeneration in retinal ganglion cells","volume":"131","author":"P Lingor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3112","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-08-03112.2003","article-title":"Inactivation of myelin-associated glycoprotein enhances optic nerve regeneration","volume":"23","author":"EV Wong","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1161566","article-title":"Promoting axon regeneration in the adult CNS by modulation of the PTEN\/mTOR pathway","volume":"322","author":"KK Park","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.11.021","article-title":"SOCS3 deletion promotes optic nerve regeneration in vivo","volume":"64","author":"PD Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10594","article-title":"Sustained axon regeneration induced by co-deletion of PTEN and SOCS3","volume":"480","author":"F Sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"3943","article-title":"Cataractogenic lens injury prevents traumatic ganglion cell death and promotes axonal regeneration both in vivo and in culture","volume":"41","author":"D Fischer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15654","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4340-10.2010","article-title":"Long-distance axon regeneration in the mature optic nerve: contributions of oncomodulin, cAMP, and pten gene deletion","volume":"30","author":"T Kurimoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4615","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-12-04615.2000","article-title":"Lens injury stimulates axon regeneration in the mature rat optic nerve","volume":"20","author":"S Leon","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19587","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0907085106","article-title":"Oncomodulin links inflammation to optic nerve regeneration","volume":"106","author":"Y Yin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-06-02284.2003","article-title":"Macrophage-derived factors stimulate optic nerve regeneration","volume":"23","author":"Y Yin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1701","article-title":"Oncomodulin is a macrophage-derived signal for axon regeneration in retinal ganglion cells","volume":"9","author":"Y Yin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14334","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2770-09.2009","article-title":"Neuroprotective and axon growth-promoting effects following inflammatory stimulation on mature retinal ganglion cells in mice depend on ciliary neurotrophic factor and leukemia inhibitory factor","volume":"29","author":"M Leibinger","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2009.03.002","article-title":"Exogenous CNTF stimulates axon regeneration of retinal ganglion cells partially via endogenous CNTF","volume":"41","author":"A Muller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1175737","article-title":"KLF family members regulate intrinsic axon regeneration ability","volume":"326","author":"DL Moore","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4509","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of intravitreal mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in experimental glaucoma","volume":"51","author":"TV Johnson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.3727\/096368910X524764","article-title":"Bone marrow mononuclear cells increase retinal ganglion cell survival and axon regeneration in the adult rat","volume":"20","author":"C Zaverucha-do-Valle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6394","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4310","article-title":"Intravitreal injections of neurotrophic factors secreting mesenchymal stem cells are neuroprotective in rat eyes following optic nerve transection","volume":"51","author":"H Levkovitch-Verbin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-407178-0.00007-7","article-title":"Combinatorial therapy stimulates long-distance regeneration, target reinnervation, and partial recovery of vision after optic nerve injury in mice","volume":"106","author":"S de Lima","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Rev Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2009.02.015","article-title":"Effects of different neurotrophic factors on the survival of retinal ganglion cells after a complete intraorbital nerve crush injury: a quantitative in vivo study","volume":"89","author":"G Parrilla-Reverter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e328355f1d6","article-title":"Long-term survival and axonal regeneration of retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve transection and a peripheral nerve graft","volume":"23","author":"LP Cen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2005.10.029","article-title":"Human mesenchymal stem cell subpopulations express a variety of neuro-regulatory molecules and promote neuronal cell survival and neuritogenesis","volume":"198","author":"L Crigler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2007.03.001","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells: a new strategy for immunosuppression?","volume":"28","author":"A Uccelli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2009.07.071","article-title":"Cerebral transplantation of encapsulated mesenchymal stem cells improves cellular pathology after experimental traumatic brain injury","volume":"463","author":"AM Heile","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.269","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cells: current understanding and clinical status","volume":"28","author":"HK Salem","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1705757","article-title":"Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells for the repair of central nervous system injury","volume":"40","author":"AM Parr","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2009.198","article-title":"Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells enhance recovery after acute ischemic stroke in young and middle-aged rats","volume":"30","author":"M Brenneman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.09.094","article-title":"Therapeutic window for treatment of cortical ischemia with bone marrow-derived cells in rats","volume":"1306","author":"A de Vasconcelos Dos Santos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giraldi-Guimaraes A, Rezende-Lima M, Bruno FP, Mendez-Otero R (2009) Treatment with bone marrow mononuclear cells induces functional recovery and decreases neurodegeneration after sensorimotor cortical ischemia in rats. Brain Res.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.01.062"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14638","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0803670105","article-title":"Stem\/progenitor cells from bone marrow decrease neuronal death in global ischemia by modulation of inflammatory\/immune responses","volume":"105","author":"H Ohtaki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2007.132R","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells promoting functional recovery from spinal cord injury","volume":"24","author":"T Yoshihara","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.12.059","article-title":"Trophic activity derived from bone marrow mononuclear cells increases peripheral nerve regeneration by acting on both neuronal and glial cell populations","volume":"159","author":"VT Ribeiro-Resende","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4720","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8198","article-title":"Cell therapy modulates expression of Tax1-binding protein 1 and synaptotagmin IV in a model of optic nerve lesion","volume":"53","author":"LA Mesentier-Louro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2009.10.010","article-title":"Migration and homing of bone-marrow mononuclear cells in chronic ischemic stroke after intra-arterial injection","volume":"221","author":"LM Barbosa da Fonseca","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.3727\/096368911X627435","article-title":"Focused magnetic stem cell targeting to the retina using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles","volume":"21","author":"A Yanai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.03.231","article-title":"Effects of bone marrow stromal cell injection in an experimental glaucoma model","volume":"344","author":"S Yu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-008-1009-y","article-title":"Effects of bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplanted into vitreous cavity of rat injured by ischemia\/reperfusion","volume":"247","author":"N Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-3884","article-title":"Identification of barriers to retinal engraftment of transplanted stem cells","volume":"51","author":"TV Johnson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-3155-9-4","article-title":"Optimized labeling of bone marrow mesenchymal cells with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and in vivo visualization by magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"9","author":"AL Jasmin, Torres","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1080\/14653240600855905","article-title":"Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement","volume":"8","author":"M Dominici","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S1044-7431(02)00037-4","article-title":"Intraocular elevation of cyclic AMP potentiates ciliary neurotrophic factor-induced regeneration of adult rat retinal ganglion cell axons","volume":"22","author":"Q Cui","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4762","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-07-04762.1995","article-title":"The Brn-3 family of POU-domain factors: primary structure, binding specificity, and expression in subsets of retinal ganglion cells and somatosensory neurons","volume":"15","author":"M Xiang","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e49830","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049830","article-title":"Whole number, distribution and co-expression of brn3 transcription factors in retinal ganglion cells of adult albino and pigmented rats","volume":"7","author":"FM Nadal-Nicolas","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.02.001","article-title":"Brain derived neurotrophic factor maintains Brn3a expression in axotomized rat retinal ganglion cells","volume":"92","author":"MC Sanchez-Migallon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3860","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-3267","article-title":"Brn3a as a marker of retinal ganglion cells: qualitative and quantitative time course studies in naive and optic nerve-injured retinas","volume":"50","author":"FM Nadal-Nicolas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4368","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-07-04368.1994","article-title":"Axotomy results in delayed death and apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells in adult rats","volume":"14","author":"M Berkelaar","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3344","DOI":"10.1021\/pr2004055","article-title":"Quantitative iTRAQ analysis of retinal ganglion cell degeneration after optic nerve crush","volume":"10","author":"M Magharious","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01534.x","article-title":"Up-regulation of Bax protein in degenerating retinal ganglion cells precedes apoptotic cell death after optic nerve lesion in the rat","volume":"9","author":"S Isenmann","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(99)00747-4","article-title":"Activation of caspase-3 in axotomized rat retinal ganglion cells in vivo","volume":"453","author":"P Kermer","year":"1999","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(00)00256-4","article-title":"Caspase-9: involvement in secondary death of axotomized rat retinal ganglion cells in vivo","volume":"85","author":"P Kermer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res Mol Brain Res"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(00)01637-4","article-title":"Live or let die - retinal ganglion cell death and survival during development and in the lesioned adult CNS","volume":"23","author":"M Bahr","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5037","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-13-05037.2000","article-title":"Role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in axotomy-induced apoptosis of rat retinal ganglion cells","volume":"20","author":"M Kikuchi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.05.025","article-title":"Rewiring the injured CNS: lessons from the optic nerve","volume":"209","author":"L Benowitz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701576","article-title":"Animal models of optic nerve diseases","volume":"18","author":"H Levkovitch-Verbin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1370","article-title":"Concise review: current concepts in bone marrow microenvironmental regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells","volume":"31","author":"JN Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laroni A, Novi G, Kerlero de Rosbo N, Uccelli A (2013) Towards Clinical Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment of Neurological Diseases of the Central Nervous System. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-013-9456-6"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1080\/14653240701376413","article-title":"Human mesenchymal stromal cells ameliorate the phenotype of SOD1-G93A ALS mice","volume":"9","author":"CP Zhao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2011.00498","article-title":"Intravenous mesenchymal stem cells improve survival and motor function in experimental amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"18","author":"A Uccelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.11.059","article-title":"Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells reduce brain amyloid-beta deposition and accelerate the activation of microglia in an acutely induced Alzheimer's disease mouse model","volume":"450","author":"JK Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.277","article-title":"Intracerebral transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells reduces amyloid-beta deposition and rescues memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease mice by modulation of immune responses","volume":"28","author":"JK Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresprot.2005.03.002","article-title":"Therapeutic benefit of TH-engineered mesenchymal stem cells for Parkinson's disease","volume":"15","author":"L Lu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res Brain Res Protoc"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.570","article-title":"Concise review: Bone marrow for the treatment of spinal cord injury: mechanisms and clinical applications","volume":"29","author":"KT Wright","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.4.514","article-title":"Human marrow stromal cell therapy for stroke in rat: neurotrophins and functional recovery","volume":"59","author":"Y Li","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosado-de-Castro PH, Pimentel-Coelho PM, Barbosa da Fonseca LM, de Freitas GR, Mendez-Otero R (2013) The Rise of Cell Therapy Trials for Stroke: Review of Published and Registered Studies. Stem Cells Dev.","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2013.0089"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-04-1496","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis inducing T-cell anergy","volume":"106","author":"E Zappia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.05.005","article-title":"Immunomodulation and neuroprotection with mesenchymal bone marrow stem cells (MSCs): a proposed treatment for multiple sclerosis and other neuroimmunological\/neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"265","author":"D Karussis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2008.197","article-title":"Direct muscle delivery of GDNF with human mesenchymal stem cells improves motor neuron survival and function in a rat model of familial ALS","volume":"16","author":"M Suzuki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2009.10.074","article-title":"Dose-dependent efficacy of ALS-human mesenchymal stem cells transplantation into cisterna magna in SOD1-G93A ALS mice","volume":"468","author":"H Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20731","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of human mesenchymal stem cells on dopaminergic neurons through anti-inflammatory action","volume":"57","author":"YJ Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.05.011","article-title":"Intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow after contusive spinal cord injury improves functional outcome","volume":"1343","author":"M Osaka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6623","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-15-06623.2002","article-title":"Remyelination of the rat spinal cord by transplantation of identified bone marrow stromal cells","volume":"22","author":"Y Akiyama","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3109","article-title":"Hepatocyte growth factor mediates mesenchymal stem cell-induced recovery in multiple sclerosis models","volume":"15","author":"L Bai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2012.0463","article-title":"Human umbilical cord stem cells ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by regulating immunoinflammation and remyelination","volume":"22","author":"R Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e39500","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039500","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell graft improves recovery after spinal cord injury in adult rats through neurotrophic and pro-angiogenic actions","volume":"7","author":"R Quertainmont","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2222","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2011.0596","article-title":"An in vivo characterization of trophic factor production following neural precursor cell or bone marrow stromal cell transplantation for spinal cord injury","volume":"21","author":"GW Hawryluk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1174","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells shape microglia effector functions through the release of CX3CL1","volume":"30","author":"D Giunti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1125","article-title":"Soluble CCL5 derived from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and activated by amyloid beta ameliorates Alzheimer's disease in mice by recruiting bone marrow-induced microglia immune responses","volume":"30","author":"JK Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1980.0060","article-title":"Amacrine cells, displaced amacrine cells and interplexiform cells in the retina of the rat","volume":"208","author":"VH Perry","year":"1980","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.10334","article-title":"Human bone marrow stromal cell cultures conditioned by traumatic brain tissue extracts: growth factor production","volume":"69","author":"X Chen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20494","article-title":"Protective effects of bone marrow stromal cell transplantation in injured rodent brain: synthesis of neurotrophic factors","volume":"80","author":"Q Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09677.x","article-title":"Gangliosides and neurotrophic growth factors in the retina. Molecular interactions and applications as neuroprotective agents","volume":"845","author":"H Dreyfus","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3838","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.10.3838","article-title":"Human bone marrow stromal cells suppress T-lymphocyte proliferation induced by cellular or nonspecific mitogenic stimuli","volume":"99","author":"M Di Nicola","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-472X(01)00769-X","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells suppress lymphocyte proliferation in vitro and prolong skin graft survival in vivo","volume":"30","author":"A Bartholomew","year":"2002","journal-title":"Exp Hematol"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.2174\/157488811794480762","article-title":"Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells: agents of immunomodulation and neuroprotection","volume":"6","author":"I Kassis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.65.6.753","article-title":"Neuroprotection and immunomodulation with mesenchymal stem cells in chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"65","author":"I Kassis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2011.11.004","article-title":"How mesenchymal stem cells interact with tissue immune responses","volume":"33","author":"Y Shi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2007.11.014","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated immunosuppression occurs via concerted action of chemokines and nitric oxide","volume":"2","author":"G Ren","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2012.56","article-title":"Mechanisms of mesenchymal stromal cell immunomodulation","volume":"91","author":"K English","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3574","DOI":"10.2174\/138161208786848739","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines in acute ischemic stroke","volume":"14","author":"A Tuttolomondo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.2174\/156720208786413424","article-title":"Mild systemic inflammation has a neuroprotective effect after stroke in rats","volume":"5","author":"EB Petcu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Neurovasc Res"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(07)63020-9","article-title":"Pro-inflammatory cytokines and their effects in the dentate gyrus","volume":"163","author":"M Pickering","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2005.04034.x","article-title":"Lens injury stimulates adult mouse retinal ganglion cell axon regeneration via both macrophage- and lens-derived factors","volume":"21","author":"B Lorber","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024","article-title":"Optic nerve and vitreal inflammation are both RGC neuroprotective but only the latter is RGC axogenic","volume":"37","author":"Z Ahmed","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2007.11.002","article-title":"Crystallins of the beta\/gamma-superfamily mimic the effects of lens injury and promote axon regeneration","volume":"37","author":"D Fischer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4203","article-title":"Stimulation of axon regeneration in the mature optic nerve by intravitreal application of the toll-like receptor 2 agonist Pam3Cys","volume":"51","author":"TG Hauk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14816","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5511-12.2013","article-title":"Neutrophils express oncomodulin and promote optic nerve regeneration","volume":"33","author":"T Kurimoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3308","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm257","article-title":"Astrocyte-derived CNTF switches mature RGCs to a regenerative state following inflammatory stimulation","volume":"130","author":"A Muller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e609","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2013.126","article-title":"Interleukin-6 contributes to CNS axon regeneration upon inflammatory stimulation","volume":"4","author":"M Leibinger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e805","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2013.310","article-title":"Neuronal STAT3 activation is essential for CNTF- and inflammatory stimulation-induced CNS axon regeneration","volume":"4","author":"M Leibinger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2012.01.004","article-title":"Role of mTOR in neuroprotection and axon regeneration after inflammatory stimulation","volume":"46","author":"M Leibinger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12382","article-title":"Interleukin-1beta orchestrates underlying inflammatory responses in microglia via Kruppel-like factor 4","volume":"127","author":"DK Kaushik","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"ref108","first-page":"427","article-title":"Interleukin-1 signaling in mouse astrocytes involves Akt: a study with interleukin-4 and IL-10","volume":"11","author":"F Pousset","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Cytokine Netw"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29167","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.46.29167","article-title":"Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in interleukin 1 signaling. Physical interaction with the interleukin 1 receptor and requirement in NFkappaB and AP-1 activation","volume":"272","author":"SA Reddy","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/S1044-7431(02)00042-8","article-title":"Interleukin-1 beta protects neurons via the interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor-mediated Akt pathway and by IL-1 receptor-independent decrease of transmembrane currents in vivo","volume":"22","author":"R Diem","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3028","article-title":"The meaning, the sense and the significance: translating the science of mesenchymal stem cells into medicine","volume":"19","author":"P Bianco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Med"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0110722","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T07:55:41Z","timestamp":1717487741000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0110722"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Niels Olsen Saraiva","family":"C\u00e2mara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,27]]},"references-count":111,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0110722","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,27]]}}}