{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:53:14Z","timestamp":1790297594915,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,28]],"date-time":"2014-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1414454400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,28]],"date-time":"2014-10-28T18:03:43Z","timestamp":1414519423000},"page":"e111174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Coxsackievirus A16 Infection Induces Neural Cell and Non-Neural Cell Apoptosis In Vitro"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Zhaolong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinghua","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenhong","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elana S.","family":"Ehrlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanchen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingliang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-fang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"629","article-title":"Deaths among children during an outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease\u2013Taiwan, Republic of China, April-July 1998","volume":"47","year":"1998","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1086\/314032","article-title":"Deaths of children during an outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease in sarawak, malaysia: clinical and pathological characteristics of the disease. For the Outbreak Study Group","volume":"31","author":"LG Chan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.52.12","article-title":"Enterovirus 71 from fatal and nonfatal cases of hand, foot and mouth disease epidemics in Malaysia, Japan and Taiwan in 1997\u20131998","volume":"52","author":"H Shimizu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V38N2p106","article-title":"Epidemiology and control of hand, foot and mouth disease in Singapore, 2001\u20132007","volume":"38","author":"LW Ang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singapore"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2009.254","article-title":"Genetic changes of coxsackievirus A16 and enterovirus 71 isolated from hand, foot, and mouth disease patients in Toyama, Japan between 1981 and 2007","volume":"62","author":"M Iwai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3835","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.8.3835-3839.2005","article-title":"Genetic characteristics of human enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 circulating from 1999 to 2004 in Shenzhen, People's Republic of China","volume":"43","author":"L Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0903.020285","article-title":"Enterovirus 71 outbreaks, Taiwan: occurrence and recognition","volume":"9","author":"TY Lin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-6-180","article-title":"Sentinel surveillance for human enterovirus 71 in Sarawak, Malaysia: lessons from the first 7 years","volume":"6","author":"Y Podin","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-322","article-title":"Seroepidemiology of human enterovirus71 and coxsackievirusA16 among children in Guangdong province, China","volume":"13","author":"W Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2003.tb02478.x","article-title":"Hand, foot and mouth disease in Singapore: a comparison of fatal and non-fatal cases","volume":"92","author":"CY Chong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32405","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032405","article-title":"Characterization of full-length enterovirus 71 strains from severe and mild disease patients in northeastern China","volume":"7","author":"X Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2599","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002599","article-title":"The cytokine and chemokine profiles in patients with hand, foot and mouth disease of different severities in Shanghai, China, 2010","volume":"7","author":"M Zeng","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-606","article-title":"Prevalence of enteroviruses in children with and without hand, foot, and mouth disease in China","volume":"13","author":"X Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2014.895666","article-title":"Update of enterovirus 71 infection: epidemiology, pathogenesis and vaccine","volume":"12","author":"SM Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2014.03.007","article-title":"Update on enterovirus 71 infection","volume":"5C","author":"PN Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2001.1310","article-title":"The 3C protease activity of enterovirus 71 induces human neural cell apoptosis","volume":"293","author":"ML Li","year":"2002","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280490521032","article-title":"Diverse apoptotic pathways in enterovirus 71-infected cells","volume":"10","author":"SC Chang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e65948","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065948","article-title":"Global transcriptomic analysis of human neuroblastoma cells in response to enterovirus type 71 infection","volume":"8","author":"LJ Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.047753-0","article-title":"Calcium flux and calpain-mediated activation of the apoptosis-inducing factor contribute to enterovirus 71-induced apoptosis","volume":"94","author":"JR Lu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-12-327","article-title":"Differential apoptosis gene expressions of rhabdomyosarcoma cells in response to enterovirus 71 infection","volume":"12","author":"W Shi","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"38","article-title":"Coxsackieviruses infection in northern Taiwan\u2013epidemiology and clinical characteristics","volume":"42","author":"FB Yen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7916","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.15.7916-7924.2004","article-title":"A mouse-adapted enterovirus 71 strain causes neurological disease in mice after oral infection","volume":"78","author":"YF Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196305092681904","article-title":"Fatal infection in an infant associated with Coxsackie virus group A, type 16","volume":"268","author":"HT Wright Jr","year":"1963","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2013.10.142","article-title":"Coxsackievirus A16 infection triggers apoptosis in RD cells by inducing ER stress","volume":"441","author":"G Zhu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-8807(03)00077-2","article-title":"Cardiomyocyte apoptosis in experimental coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis","volume":"12","author":"A Saraste","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Pathol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13203","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.24.13203-13213.2003","article-title":"Infection and injury of neurons by West Nile encephalitis virus","volume":"77","author":"B Shrestha","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2481","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1126903","article-title":"Ways of dying: multiple pathways to apoptosis","volume":"17","author":"JM Adams","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90071-3","article-title":"FADD, a novel death domain-containing protein, interacts with the death domain of Fas and initiates apoptosis","volume":"81","author":"AM Chinnaiyan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.1186","article-title":"Nuclear apoptotic changes: an overview","volume":"82","author":"AM Martelli","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1071553","article-title":"The Fas signaling pathway: more than a paradigm","volume":"296","author":"H Wajant","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7254.2007.00706.x","article-title":"Pseudolaric acid B induces apoptosis, senescence, and mitotic arrest in human breast cancer MCF-7","volume":"28","author":"JH Yu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7533326","article-title":"The Fas death factor","volume":"267","author":"S Nagata","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2000.0405","article-title":"Poliovirus induces apoptosis in the human U937 promonocytic cell line","volume":"272","author":"JA Lopez-Guerrero","year":"2000","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"Protection from Lethal Challenge in a Neonatal Mouse Model by Circulating Recombinant Form Coxsackievirus A16 Vaccine Candidates","author":"J Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e94746","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094746","article-title":"Circulating HFMD-Associated Coxsackievirus A16 Is Genetically and Phenotypically Distinct from the Prototype CV-A16","volume":"9","author":"W Wei","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199912000-00013","article-title":"Comparison of enterovirus 71 and coxsackie-virus A16 clinical illnesses during the Taiwan enterovirus epidemic, 1998","volume":"18","author":"LY Chang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"635","article-title":"Comparisons of epidemiological and clinical characteristics in children with hand-foot-mouth disease caused by Enterovirus 71 and Coxackievirus A16]","volume":"13","author":"L Jia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi\u200a=\u200aChinese journal of contemporary pediatrics"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-012-4313-z","article-title":"A comparative study of the characteristics of two Coxsackie A virus type 16 strains (genotype B)","volume":"55","author":"E Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci China Life Sci"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11967","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00902-12","article-title":"A neonatal mouse model of coxsackievirus a16 for vaccine evaluation","volume":"86","author":"Q Mao","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)04434-7","article-title":"Clinical features and risk factors of pulmonary oedema after enterovirus-71-related hand, foot, and mouth disease","volume":"354","author":"LY Chang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"648","article-title":"[Detection of enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 from children with hand, foot and mouth disease in Shanghai, 2002]","volume":"43","author":"Z Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-013-0849-z","article-title":"Bioluminescence imaging of caspase-3 activity in mouse liver","volume":"18","author":"Q Fu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.1.45-56.2003","article-title":"The major apoptotic pathway activated and suppressed by poliovirus","volume":"77","author":"GA Belov","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12226","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00994-10","article-title":"Calcium flux between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrion contributes to poliovirus-induced apoptosis","volume":"84","author":"C Brisac","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3932","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.71.5.3932-3939.1997","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 coreceptors participate in postentry stages in the virus replication cycle and function in simian immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"71","author":"B Chackerian","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3523","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.9.3523-3529.2004","article-title":"Mutation in enterovirus 71 capsid protein VP1 confers resistance to the inhibitory effects of pyridyl imidazolidinone","volume":"48","author":"SR Shih","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13825","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605507103","article-title":"An aged host promotes the evolution of avirulent coxsackievirus into a virulent strain","volume":"103","author":"RT Gay","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0111174","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T17:10:00Z","timestamp":1689613800000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0111174"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Dipshikha","family":"Chakravortty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,28]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0111174","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,28]]}}}