{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T19:57:28Z","timestamp":1784663848058,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,19]],"date-time":"2014-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1418947200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,19]],"date-time":"2014-12-19T22:53:10Z","timestamp":1419029590000},"page":"e111367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Recombinant Antigens rLipL21, rLoa22, rLipL32 and rLigACon4-8 for Serological Diagnosis of Leptospirosis by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays in Dogs"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Cuilian","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxuan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maosheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Ijaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicodemus","family":"Useh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching-Lin","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick L.","family":"McDonough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean P.","family":"McDonough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hussni","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhibang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yung-Fu","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e32814a5729","article-title":"Leptospirosis: pathogenesis, immunity, and diagnosis","volume":"20","author":"RU Palaniappan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001","article-title":"Leptospirosis","volume":"14","author":"PN Levett","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.0654.x","article-title":"2010 ACVIM small animal consensus statement on leptospirosis: diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment, and prevention","volume":"25","author":"JE Sykes","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0812.020180","article-title":"Leptospirosis: skin wounds and control strategies, Thailand, 1999","volume":"8","author":"P Phraisuwan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00830-2","article-title":"Leptospirosis: a zoonotic disease of global importance","volume":"3","author":"AR Bharti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268812001653","article-title":"Extreme water-related weather events and waterborne disease","volume":"141","author":"KF Cann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928541","DOI":"10.4061\/2010\/928541","article-title":"An emerging pulmonary haemorrhagic syndrome in dogs: similar to the human leptospiral pulmonary haemorrhagic syndrome?","volume":"2010","author":"R Klopfleisch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Med Int"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2004.65.1100","article-title":"Clinical and pathologic comparison of acute leptospirosis in dogs caused by two strains of <italic>Leptospira kirschneri<\/italic> serovar Grippotyphosa","volume":"65","author":"JJ Greenlee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.1816","article-title":"Experimental canine leptospirosis caused by <italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic> serovars Pomona and Bratislava","volume":"66","author":"JJ Greenlee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.237.3.293","article-title":"Detection of antibodies against <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> serovars via microscopic agglutination tests in dogs in the United States, 2000\u20132007","volume":"237","author":"R Gautam","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1998.tb03640.x","article-title":"Naturally acquired leptospirosis in 36 dogs: serological and clinicopathological features","volume":"39","author":"N Birnbaum","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.242.7.941","article-title":"Spatial and temporal patterns of <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> infection in dogs from northern California: 67 cases (2001\u20132010)","volume":"242","author":"JH Hennebelle","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.243.9.1316","article-title":"Clinicopathologic and atypical features of naturally occurring leptospirosis in dogs: 51 cases (2000-2010)","volume":"243","author":"LE Tangeman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.101100","article-title":"A novel tetravalent <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> bacterin protects against infection and shedding following challenge in dogs","volume":"172","author":"HL Klaasen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.00852.x","article-title":"Effects of recent leptospira vaccination on whole blood real-time PCR testing in healthy client-owned dogs","volume":"26","author":"JN Midence","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2012.1121","article-title":"Distribution of Leptospira serogroups in dogs from Berlin, Germany","volume":"13","author":"A Mayer-Scholl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0124","article-title":"Leptospira species in floodwater during the 2011 floods in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand","volume":"89","author":"J Thaipadungpanit","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000056","article-title":"A dominant clone of Leptospira interrogans associated with an outbreak of human leptospirosis in Thailand","volume":"1","author":"J Thaipadungpanit","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS neglected tropical diseases"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.c4965","article-title":"Control of canine leptospirosis in Europe: time for a change?","volume":"167","author":"WA Ellis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2010.05.017","article-title":"Spatial and spatio-temporal clustering of overall and serovar-specific <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> microscopic agglutination test (MAT) seropositivity among dogs in the United States from 2000 through 2007","volume":"96","author":"R Gautam","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.230.11.1657","article-title":"Prevalence of serum antibodies against six <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> serovars in healthy dogs","volume":"230","author":"JE Stokes","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268809990902","article-title":"Serovars of <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> isolated from dogs and rodents","volume":"138","author":"SM Suepaul","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00649-13","article-title":"Serodiagnosis of equine leptospirosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using four recombinant protein markers","volume":"21","author":"C Ye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2414","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.5.2414-2421.2003","article-title":"LipL21 is a novel surface-exposed lipoprotein of pathogenic <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> species","volume":"71","author":"PA Cullen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e97","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030097","article-title":"The OmpA-like protein Loa22 is essential for leptospiral virulence","volume":"3","author":"P Ristow","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51025","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051025","article-title":"LipL32 Is a Subsurface Lipoprotein of <italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic>: presentation of new data and reevaluation of previous studies","volume":"8","author":"M Pinne","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"23547","article-title":"Fibronectin binds to and induces conformational change in a disordered region of leptospiral immunoglobulin-like protein B. J Biol Chem","volume":"284","author":"YP Lin","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5924","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.11.5924-5930.2002","article-title":"Cloning and molecular characterization of an immunogenic LigA protein of <italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic>","volume":"70","author":"RU Palaniappan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.242.10.1373","article-title":"Evaluation of the diagnostic value of serologic microagglutination testing and a polymerase chain reaction assay for diagnosis of acute leptospirosis in dogs in a referral center","volume":"242","author":"CK Fraune","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00245-13","article-title":"Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a recombinant LigA fragment comprising repeat domains 4 to 7.5 as an antigen for diagnosis of equine leptospirosis","volume":"20","author":"W Yan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.01.008","article-title":"Leptospirosis serodiagnosis by ELISA based on recombinant outer membrane protein","volume":"105","author":"P Chalayon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.45568-0","article-title":"Expression of leptospiral immunoglobulin-like protein by <italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic> and evaluation of its diagnostic potential in a kinetic ELISA","volume":"53","author":"RU Palaniappan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1586\/eci.12.110","article-title":"Leptospirosis: current situation and trends of specific laboratory tests","volume":"9","author":"S Schreier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"199","article-title":"Leptospirosis diagnosis: competancy of various laboratory tests","volume":"8","author":"SV Budihal","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0041","article-title":"Detection of <italic>Leptospira<\/italic>-specific antibodies using a recombinant antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay","volume":"89","author":"HW Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.054304-0","article-title":"Evaluation of an in-house ELISA using the intermediate species <italic>Leptospira fainei<\/italic> for diagnosis of leptospirosis","volume":"62","author":"P Bourhy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2005.05.002","article-title":"Evaluation of the recombinant LipL32 in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the serodiagnosis of bovine leptospirosis","volume":"109","author":"MR Bomfim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3303","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.9.3303-3310.2001","article-title":"Evaluation of recombinant Leptospira antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the serodiagnosis of leptospirosis","volume":"39","author":"B Flannery","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02344-06","article-title":"<italic>Leptospira<\/italic> immunoglobulin-like proteins as a serodiagnostic marker for acute leptospirosis","volume":"45","author":"J Croda","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-012-0237-x","article-title":"Serological analysis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant antigen LipL32 for the diagnosis of swine leptospirosis","volume":"66","author":"CP Hartleben","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2012.13.1.99","article-title":"Evaluation and comparison of native and recombinant LipL21 protein-based ELISAs for diagnosis of bovine leptospirosis","volume":"13","author":"S Joseph","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00214-08","article-title":"Evaluation of leptospiral recombinant antigens MPL17 and MPL21 for serological diagnosis of leptospirosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays","volume":"15","author":"TR Oliveira","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2009.11.004","article-title":"Evaluation of a recombinant LigB protein of <italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic> serovar Canicola in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the serodiagnosis of bovine leptospirosis","volume":"88","author":"S Sankar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2007.10.012","article-title":"Recombinant ligA for leptospirosis diagnosis and ligA among the <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> spp. clinical isolates","volume":"72","author":"P Srimanote","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1878","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001878","article-title":"Accuracy of a dual path platform (DPP) assay for the rapid point-of-care diagnosis of human leptospirosis","volume":"6","author":"SA Nabity","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01852-13","article-title":"Utility of a commercial PCR assay and a clinical prediction rule for detection of toxigenic Clostridium difficile in asymptomatic carriers","volume":"52","author":"CJ Donskey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of clinical microbiology"},{"key":"ref47","unstructured":"Faine S, Adher B, Bloin C, Perolat P (1999) <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> and leptospirosis, 2nd e. MedSci. Medbourne, Australia."},{"key":"ref48","unstructured":"Group LBER Zoonoses and veterinary public health. In: Organization WH, editor."},{"key":"ref49","unstructured":"Public Health Surveillance and Informatics Program Office CfDCaP (2013) Leptospirosis (<italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic>)."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2011.05.010","article-title":"Evaluations of land cover risk factors for canine leptospirosis: 94 cases (2002\u20132009)","volume":"101","author":"R Raghavan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.238.2.183","article-title":"Assessment of exposure to <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> serovars in veterinary staff and dog owners in contact with infected dogs","volume":"238","author":"R Barmettler","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.101333","article-title":"Diagnosis algorithm for leptospirosis in dogs: disease and vaccination effects on the serological results","volume":"172","author":"G Andre-Fontaine","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.4.2276-2285.2000","article-title":"The leptospiral major outer membrane protein LipL32 is a lipoprotein expressed during mammalian infection","volume":"68","author":"DA Haake","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03619.x","article-title":"Pathogenic <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> species express surface-exposed proteins belonging to the bacterial immunoglobulin superfamily","volume":"49","author":"J Matsunaga","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1991.tb00526.x","article-title":"A serological and bacteriolgical survey of leptospiral infeciton in dogs in Edinburg and Glasgow","volume":"32","author":"AHM van Den Broek","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Small Animal Pract"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0111367","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,24]],"date-time":"2022-04-24T17:50:54Z","timestamp":1650822654000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0111367"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Odir A.","family":"Dellagostin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,19]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0111367","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,19]]}}}