{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T16:26:01Z","timestamp":1777307161974,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,3]],"date-time":"2015-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0113047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,3]],"date-time":"2015-02-03T18:58:38Z","timestamp":1422989918000},"page":"e0113047","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Pleural Fluid Adenosine Deaminase (Pfada) in the Diagnosis of Tuberculous Effusions in a Low Incidence Population"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"David T.","family":"Arnold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Bhatnagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lynette D.","family":"Fairbanks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Zahan-Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amelia O.","family":"Clive","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna J.","family":"Morley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew R. L.","family":"Medford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas A.","family":"Maskell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.5.1355","article-title":"Evaluation of polymerase chain reaction, adenosine deaminase, and interferon-gamma in pleural fluid for the differential diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis","volume":"118","author":"MV Villegas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-2063","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculous pleural effusion in 2006","volume":"131","author":"A Gopi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"18","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.18.2017","article-title":"Tuberculous pleurisy: a study of 254 patients","volume":"158","author":"L Valdes","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.99.4.883","article-title":"Tuberculous pleural effusion. Twenty-year experience","volume":"99","author":"AF Seibert","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.129.6.1549","article-title":"The role of Abrams percutaneous pleural biopsy in the investigation of exudative pleural effusions","volume":"129","author":"B Chakrabarti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00017103a","article-title":"Diagnostic tools in tuberculous pleurisy: a direct comparative study","volume":"22","author":"AH Diacon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-010-0986-z","article-title":"Diagnostic tests for tuberculous pleural effusion","volume":"29","author":"EE McGrath","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"Public Health England; Tuberculosis in the UK- 2013 report. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.hpa.org.uk\/webc\/HPAwebFile\/HPAweb_C\/1317139689583\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.hpa.org.uk\/webc\/HPAwebFile\/HPAweb_C\/1317139689583<\/ext-link>. Accessed July 2014."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-77-4-507","article-title":"Pleural effusions: the diagnostic separation of transudates and exudates","volume":"77","author":"RW Light","year":"1972","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii8","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.58.suppl_2.ii8","article-title":"BTS guidelines for the investigation of a unilateral pleural effusion in adults","volume":"58","author":"NA Maskell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2010.03.011","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of adenosine deaminase activity in pleural fluid: a single-center experience with over 2100 consecutive patients","volume":"21","author":"JM Porcel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) estimates of tuberculosis incidence by country (2012) (sorted by country). Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/wwwhpaorguk\/webc\/HPAwebFile\/HPAweb_C\/1317140584754\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/wwwhpaorguk\/webc\/HPAwebFile\/HPAweb_C\/1317140584754<\/ext-link>. Accessed July 2014."},{"issue":"6","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e38729","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038729","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of adenosine deaminase and lymphocyte proportion in pleural fluid for tuberculous pleurisy in different prevalence scenarios","volume":"7","author":"A Garcia-Zamalloa","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii4","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.136978","article-title":"Investigation of a unilateral pleural effusion in adults: British Thoracic Society Pleural Disease Guideline","volume":"65","author":"C Hooper","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Factors Influencing Pleural Adenosine Deaminase Level in Patients With Tuberculous Pleurisy","author":"SJ Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"issue":"4_MeetingAbstracts","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703A","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.1108296","article-title":"The Use of Different Cutoff Values of ADA Liquid Level in Diagnosis of Tuberculous Pleurisy in Countries With Different Incidence of Tuberculosis (Abstract)","volume":"140","author":"P Kapisyzi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-546","article-title":"Factors affecting pleural fluid adenosine deaminase level and the implication on the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"13","author":"TR Tay","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2004.45.4.661","article-title":"The diagnostic value of the adenosine deaminase activity in the pleural fluid of renal transplant patients with tuberculous pleural effusion","volume":"45","author":"JH Chung","year":"2004","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Adenosine deaminase activity in pleural effusions of lymphoma patients","author":"CW Yao","year":"2014","journal-title":"QJM"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref20","first-page":"181","article-title":"Differentiating between tuberculosis-related and lymphoma-related lymphocytic pleural effusions by measuring clinical and laboratory variables: is it possible?","volume":"38","author":"L Antonangelo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bras Pneumol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref21","first-page":"170","article-title":"The clinical utility of pleural lymphocyte subset analysis in undiagnosed effusions (abstract)","volume":"68","author":"R Bhatnagar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2006.00866.x","article-title":"Influence of storage time and temperature on pleural fluid adenosine deaminase determination","volume":"11","author":"L Antonangelo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref23","first-page":"501","article-title":"Influence of storage time on pleural fluid adenosine deaminase activity","volume":"60","author":"S Bielsa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Lab"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.96.09040747","article-title":"Adenosine deaminase (ADA) isoenzyme analysis in pleural effusions: diagnostic role, and relevance to the origin of increased ADA in tuberculous pleurisy","volume":"9","author":"L Valdes","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref25","first-page":"214","article-title":"The diagnostic utility of adenosine deaminase isoenzymes in tuberculous pleural effusions","volume":"13","author":"AE Zemlin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0113047","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]],"date-time":"2018-10-24T01:48:52Z","timestamp":1540345732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0113047"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Joan A","family":"Cayl\u00e0","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,3]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0113047","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,3]]}}}