{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T17:49:37Z","timestamp":1759513777397},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,21]],"date-time":"2014-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1416528000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0113543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,21]],"date-time":"2014-11-21T18:51:47Z","timestamp":1416595907000},"page":"e113543","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Changes in Sexual Risk Behavior in the Mombasa Cohort: 1993\u20132007"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Susan M.","family":"Graham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Raboud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Jaoko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kishor","family":"Mandaliya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. Scott","family":"McClelland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Bayoumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"UNAIDS\/WHO (2009) 2009 AIDS epidemic update. Geneva: WHO Press."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-198504000-00002","article-title":"Prostitutes are a major reservoir of sexually transmitted diseases in Nairobi, Kenya","volume":"12","author":"LJ D'Costa","year":"1985","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"279","article-title":"Problems posed by HIV infection in women in tropical zones","volume":"47","author":"JP Coulaud","year":"1987","journal-title":"Med Trop (Mars)"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3506(88)80081-7","article-title":"Impact of health education on prostitutes' awareness and attitudes to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)","volume":"102","author":"JO Chikwem","year":"1988","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-198812000-00002","article-title":"Prostitute women and AIDS: anthropology","volume":"2","author":"S Day","year":"1988","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S49","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-198800001-00008","article-title":"Heterosexual transmission of HIV","volume":"2","author":"AM Johnson","year":"1988","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)92480-4","article-title":"Prevention of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus in Africa: effectiveness of condom promotion and health education among prostitutes","volume":"2","author":"EN Ngugi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)90837-9","article-title":"Effectiveness of condom use in preventing HIV infection in prostitutes","volume":"2","author":"A Roumeliotou","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"4","article-title":"Helping prostitutes in Accra","volume":"4","author":"A Yeboah-afari","year":"1988","journal-title":"AIDS Watch"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70066-X","article-title":"Burden of HIV among female sex workers in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"S Baral","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"Gelmon L (2009) Kenya: HIV prevention response and modes of transmission analysis. Nairobi: Kenya National AIDS Control Council."},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"S235","article-title":"Preparation for AIDS vaccine evaluation in Mombasa, Kenya: establishment of seronegative cohorts of commercial sex workers and trucking company employees","volume":"10","author":"HL Martin Jr","year":"1994","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200008150-00011","article-title":"Trends in HIV-1 incidence in a cohort of prostitutes in Kenya: Implications for HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials","volume":"24","author":"JM Baeten","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000247119.12327.e6","article-title":"HIV-1 acquisition and disease progression are associated with decreased high-risk sexual behaviour among Kenyan female sex workers","volume":"20","author":"RS McClelland","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1086\/380974","article-title":"Injectable contraceptive use and genital ulcer disease during the early phase of HIV-1 infection increase plasma virus load in women","volume":"189","author":"L Lavreys","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03490040053025","article-title":"Efficacy of nonoxynol 9 contraceptive sponge use in preventing heterosexual acquisition of HIV in Nairobi prostitutes","volume":"268","author":"J Kreiss","year":"1992","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1086\/587490","article-title":"Improvement of vaginal health for Kenyan women at risk for acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: results of a randomized trial","volume":"197","author":"RS McClelland","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.1974.1100705","article-title":"A new look at the statistical model identification","volume":"19","author":"H Akaike","year":"1974","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.2307\/1913828","article-title":"Information criteria for discriminating among alternative regression models","volume":"46","author":"T Sawa","year":"1978","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Cox DR, Snell EJ (1989) The analysis of binary data, second edition. London: Chapman and Hall."},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"Huber PJ (1967) The behavior of maximum likelihood estimates under nonstandard conditions. In: Proceedings of the fifth Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. pp. 221\u2013233."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.2307\/1912934","article-title":"A heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroskedasticity","volume":"48","author":"H White","year":"1980","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/1912526","article-title":"Maximum likelihood estimation of misspecified models","volume":"50","author":"H White","year":"1982","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"StataCorp (2001) Stata statistical software: release 7.0. College Station, TX: Stata Corporation."},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"Research Triangle Institute (2008) SUDAAN language manual, release 10.0. Research Triangle Park, NC: Research Triangle Institute."},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"329","article-title":"Associations of sexual risk taking among Kenyan female sex workers after enrollment in an HIV-1 prevention trial","volume":"38","author":"G Yadav","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e32833864eb","article-title":"The intersecting risks of substance use and HIV risk among substance-using South African men and women","volume":"23","author":"FA Browne","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181dbafad","article-title":"Alcohol use before sex and HIV risk: situational characteristics of protected and unprotected encounters among high-risk African women","volume":"37","author":"JC Fisher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2011.23.4.299","article-title":"Understanding the context of HIV risk behavior among HIV-positive and HIV-negative female sex workers and male bar clients following antiretroviral therapy rollout in Mombasa, Kenya","volume":"23","author":"L McClelland","year":"2011","journal-title":"AIDS Educ Prev"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-012-0240-z","article-title":"Can money prevent the spread of HIV? A review of cash payments for HIV prevention","volume":"16","author":"A Pettifor","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2010.08.007","article-title":"Keeping adolescent orphans in school to prevent human immunodeficiency virus infection: evidence from a randomized controlled trial in Kenya","volume":"48","author":"H Cho","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-8-143","article-title":"Impact of five years of peer-mediated interventions on sexual behavior and sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya","volume":"8","author":"S Luchters","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp219","article-title":"Biomarker validation of reports of recent sexual activity: results of a randomized controlled study in Zimbabwe","volume":"170","author":"AM Minnis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01776.x","article-title":"Female sex workers and unsafe sex in urban and rural Nyanza, Kenya: regular partners may contribute more to HIV transmission than clients","volume":"12","author":"HA Voeten","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1080\/09540129750125217","article-title":"Sexual networks in Uganda: casual and commercial sex in a trading town","volume":"9","author":"H Pickering","year":"1997","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/14.4.545","article-title":"Measuring the impact of a behaviour change intervention for commercial sex workers and their potential clients in Malawi","volume":"14","author":"VM Walden","year":"1999","journal-title":"Health Educ Res"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0113543","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T07:48:45Z","timestamp":1717573725000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0113543"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Nathan Maclyn","family":"Thielman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,21]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0113543","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,21]]}}}