{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T15:16:13Z","timestamp":1792682173144,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,2]],"date-time":"2014-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417478400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0113771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,2]],"date-time":"2014-12-02T20:24:14Z","timestamp":1417551854000},"page":"e113771","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Are Ureaplasma spp. a Cause of Nongonococcal Urethritis? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Nan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaobing","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunde","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"(2005) Sexually Transmitted Diseases Surveillance. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/stats05\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/stats05\/<\/ext-link>. Accessed 10 July 2014."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-008-0023-x","article-title":"Nongonococcal urethritis: new views through the prism of modern molecular microbiology","volume":"10","author":"DH Martin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Infect Dis Rep"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1086\/499434","article-title":"Etiologies of nongonococcal urethritis: bacteria, viruses, and the association with orogenital exposure","volume":"193","author":"CS Bradshaw","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir517","article-title":"<italic>Ureaplasma urealyticum<\/italic> is associated with nongonococcal urethritis among men with fewer lifetime sexual partners: a case-control study","volume":"204","author":"CM Wetmore","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"113","article-title":"The recovery of pleuropneumonia-like organisms from Negro men with and without nongonococcal urethritis","volume":"38","author":"MC Shepard","year":"1954","journal-title":"Am J Syph Gonorrhea Vener Dis"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.84.5.1028-1034.1962","article-title":"Culture of Human Genital \u201cT-Strain\u201d Pleuropneumonia-Like Organisms","volume":"84","author":"DK Ford","year":"1962","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"25","article-title":"Reevaluation of the role of T-mycoplasmas in nongonococcal urethritis","volume":"3","author":"YH Lee","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Am Vener Dis Assoc"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108694","article-title":"Etiology of nongonococcal urethritis. Evidence for <italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/italic> and <italic>Ureaplasma urealyticum<\/italic>","volume":"59","author":"WR Bowie","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3109\/10408419009105723","article-title":"Ureaplasmas and human disease","volume":"17","author":"WM O\u2019Leary","year":"1990","journal-title":"Crit Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"1879","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis of <italic>Ureaplasma urealyticum<\/italic>\u2013support for the establishment of a new species, <italic>Ureaplasma parvum<\/italic>","volume":"4","author":"F Kong","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Syst Bacteriol 49 Pt"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.3.1175-1179.2000","article-title":"Species identification and subtyping of <italic>Ureaplasma parvum<\/italic> and <italic>Ureaplasma urealyticum<\/italic> using PCR-based assays","volume":"38","author":"F Kong","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-52-2-587","article-title":"Proposal of <italic>Ureaplasma parvum<\/italic> sp. nov. and emended description of <italic>Ureaplasma urealyticum<\/italic> (Shepard et al. 1974) Robertson et al. 2001","volume":"52","author":"JA Robertson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2009.040394","article-title":"Differential association of ureaplasma species with non-gonococcal urethritis in heterosexual men","volume":"86","author":"RO Ondondo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-001-0665-1","article-title":"Relationship of <italic>Ureaplasma urealyticum<\/italic> biovar 2 to nongonococcal urethritis","volume":"21","author":"K Povlsen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1097\/01.OLQ.0000114653.26951.71","article-title":"Association of <italic>Ureaplasma urealyticum<\/italic> (biovar 2) with nongonococcal urethritis","volume":"31","author":"T Deguchi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200003000-00003","article-title":"Epidemiologic trends of sexually transmitted diseases in China","volume":"27","author":"XS Chen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-9-111","article-title":"The epidemic of sexually transmitted infections in China: implications for control and future perspectives","volume":"9","author":"XS Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"178","article-title":"Epidemiological situation of sexually transmitted diseases in China: from 1991 to 2001(Article in Chinese)","volume":"35","author":"XD Gong","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chin J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2008.008290","article-title":"Predictors for casual sex and\/or infection among sexually transmitted disease clinic attendees in China","volume":"20","author":"F Lu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"97","article-title":"Analysis of detecting results for <italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/italic>, ureaplasma urealyticum and drug sensitive test of 7118 non-gonococcal urethritis patients(Article in Chinese)","volume":"23","author":"BL Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin J Derm Venereol"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"396","article-title":"Studies on infection of vulvovaginal candidosis and non-gonococcal urethritis in STD clinics (Article in Chinese)","volume":"16","author":"J Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin J AIDS STD"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"600","article-title":"A study on infection and colonization of <italic>Mycoplasma genitalium<\/italic> and <italic>Ureaplasma urealyticum<\/italic> in different male populations(Article in Chinese)","volume":"38","author":"J Jiang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chin J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"465","article-title":"Correlation of symptom of genitourinary tract with the infections of <italic>Mycoplasma genitalium<\/italic> and <italic>Ureaplasma urealyticum<\/italic> (Article in Chinese)","volume":"23","author":"S Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"China J Lepr Skin Dis"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"148","article-title":"Investigation of <italic>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/italic> infection in male urethritis(Article in Chinese)","volume":"15","author":"H Xie","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chin J Parasit Con"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"4853","article-title":"Study on <italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/italic> and <italic>Mycoplasma<\/italic> infections in patients with non-gonococcal urethritis(Article in Chinese)","volume":"21","author":"Q Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin J Nosocomiol"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"427","article-title":"Association of <italic>Ureaplasma urealyticum<\/italic> and its two biovars with nongonococcal urethritis(Article in Chinese)","volume":"17","author":"SH Zhou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chin J Micro Ecology"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"278","article-title":"Study on the association of gene clusters of <italic>U. ureaplasma<\/italic> with nongonococcal urethritis in males (Article in Chinese)","volume":"39","author":"J Jiang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chin J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"147","article-title":"Determination of <italic>Chlamydia Trachomatis<\/italic> and <italic>Ureaplasma Urealyticum<\/italic> in non-gorrheal urethritis patients(Article in Chinese)","volume":"22","author":"X Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med J Qi lu"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2010.02.007","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"8","author":"D Moher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/138.4.445","article-title":"Diagnosis and etiology of nongonococcal urethritis","volume":"138","author":"SL Swartz","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref31","unstructured":"Wells GA, Shea B, O\u2019Connell D, Peterson J, Welch V, <etal>et al<\/etal>. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. Ottawa Health Research Institute. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.asp\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http\/\/www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.asp<\/ext-link>. Accessed 1 Jan 2008."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186","article-title":"Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"JP Higgins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1086\/319594","article-title":"Role of <italic>Mycoplasma genitalium<\/italic> and <italic>Ureaplasma urealyticum<\/italic> in acute and chronic nongonococcal urethritis","volume":"32","author":"P Horner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000158932.78183.95","article-title":"Polymerase chain reaction-based subtyping of <italic>Ureaplasma parvum<\/italic> and <italic>Ureaplasma urealyticum<\/italic> in first-pass urine samples from men with or without urethritis","volume":"32","author":"T Yoshida","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2009.009499","article-title":"<italic>Ureaplasma urealyticum<\/italic> is significantly associated with non-gonococcal urethritis in heterosexual Sydney men","volume":"21","author":"DL Couldwell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462413504556","article-title":"Bacterial loads of <italic>Ureaplasma urealyticum<\/italic> contribute to development of urethritis in men","volume":"25","author":"Y Shimada","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"149","article-title":"Epidemiological importance of concealed nongonococcal urethritis","volume":"55","author":"RR Willcox","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br J Vener Dis"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"309","article-title":"Human intra-urethral inoculation of ureplasmas","volume":"46","author":"D Taylor-Robinson","year":"1977","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Larsen B, Hwang J (2010) Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma, and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a fresh look. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2010.","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/521921"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-008-0687-z","article-title":"Detection of Ureaplasma biovars and polymerase chain reaction-based subtyping of <italic>Ureaplasma parvum<\/italic> in women with or without symptoms of genital infections","volume":"28","author":"MA De Francesco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0113771","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,27]],"date-time":"2020-08-27T13:23:45Z","timestamp":1598534625000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0113771"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Robert Lane","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,2]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0113771","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,2]]}}}