{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T05:56:10Z","timestamp":1791870970968,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,26]],"date-time":"2014-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1419552000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,26]],"date-time":"2014-12-26T19:20:23Z","timestamp":1419621623000},"page":"e115938","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["First Reported Chikungunya Fever Outbreak in the Republic of Congo, 2011"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Nanikaly","family":"Moyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon-Djamel","family":"Thiberville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Pastorino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Nougairede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Thirion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Vivien","family":"Mombouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yannick","family":"Dimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Leparc-Goffart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Rosaria","family":"Capobianchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amelia Dzia","family":"Lepfoundzou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"de Lamballerie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1086\/605496","article-title":"Chikungunya fever: an epidemiological review of a re-emerging infectious disease","volume":"49","author":"JE Staples","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400044442","article-title":"The Newala epidemic. III. The virus: isolation, pathogenic properties and relationship to the epidemic","volume":"54","author":"RW Ross","year":"1956","journal-title":"J Hyg (Lond)"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"28","article-title":"An epidemic of virus disease in Southern Province, Tanganyika Territory, in 1952\u201353. I. Clinical features","volume":"49","author":"MC Robinson","year":"1955","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2010.07.004","article-title":"Chikungunya fever in Singapore: acute clinical and laboratory features, and factors associated with persistent arthralgia","volume":"49","author":"MK Win","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.06.009","article-title":"Chikungunya fever: Epidemiology, clinical syndrome, pathogenesis and therapy","volume":"99","author":"SD Thiberville","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60185-9","article-title":"Chikungunya in the Americas","volume":"383","author":"I Leparc-Goffart","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"175","article-title":"New classification for the composite genus Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae: Aedini), elevation of subgenus Ochlerotatus to generic rank, reclassification of the other subgenera, and notes on certain subgenera and species","volume":"16","author":"JF Reinert","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Mosq Control Assoc"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-5-33","article-title":"Chikungunya virus adapts to tiger mosquito via evolutionary convergence: a sign of things to come?","volume":"5","author":"X de Lamballerie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e263","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030263","article-title":"Genome microevolution of chikungunya viruses causing the Indian Ocean outbreak","volume":"3","author":"I Schuffenecker","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e201","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030201","article-title":"A single mutation in chikungunya virus affects vector specificity and epidemic potential","volume":"3","author":"KA Tsetsarkin","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-8-99","article-title":"Estimating Chikungunya prevalence in La Reunion Island outbreak by serosurveys: two methods for two critical times of the epidemic","volume":"8","author":"P Gerardin","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.78.333","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection on Lamu Island, Kenya, October 2004","volume":"78","author":"K Sergon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.2171","article-title":"Outbreak of Chikungunya in the Republic of Congo and the global picture","volume":"5","author":"AA Kelvin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"ProMED-mail (2011) CHIKUNGUNYA - AFRICA: REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.promedmail.org\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.promedmail.org<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"IRIN (2011) CONGO: Outbreak of dengue-like viral disease. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.irinnews.org\/Report\/92989\/CONGO-Outbreak-of-dengue-like-viral-disease\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.irinnews.org\/Report\/92989\/CONGO-Outbreak-of-dengue-like-viral-disease<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"WHO (2011) Outbreak Bulletin. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.afro.who.int\/en\/clusters-a-programmes\/dpc\/epidemic-a-pandemic-alert-and-response\/outbreak-news\/3229-outbreak-bulletin-vol-1-issue-3-july-25-2011.html\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.afro.who.int\/en\/clusters-a-programmes\/dpc\/epidemic-a-pandemic-alert-and-response\/outbreak-news\/3229-outbreak-bulletin-vol-1-issue-3-july-25-2011.html<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1909.130451","article-title":"Chikungunya virus infection, brazzaville, republic of congo, 2011","volume":"19","author":"JV Mombouli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1517","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001517","article-title":"Clinical forms of chikungunya in Gabon, 2010","volume":"6","author":"D Nkoghe","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-3-128","article-title":"Chikungunya outbreak in a rural area of Western Cameroon in 2006: A retrospective serological and entomological survey","volume":"3","author":"M Demanou","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2004","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002004","article-title":"Chikungunya Fever: a clinical and virological investigation of outpatients on reunion island, South-west Indian ocean","volume":"7","author":"SD Thiberville","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2004.11.002","article-title":"Development of a TaqMan RT-PCR assay without RNA extraction step for the detection and quantification of African Chikungunya viruses","volume":"124","author":"B Pastorino","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2009.02.010","article-title":"Development and validation of real-time one-step reverse transcription-PCR for the detection and typing of dengue viruses","volume":"45","author":"I Leparc-Goffart","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-10-336","article-title":"Vivax malaria in Mauritania includes infection of a Duffy-negative individual","volume":"10","author":"N Wurtz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salez N, Melade J, Pascalis H, Aherfi S, Dellagi K, et al. (2014) Influenza C virus high seroprevalence rates observed in 3 different population groups. J Infect.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2014.03.016"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msr121","article-title":"MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods","volume":"28","author":"K Tamura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4673","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.22.4673","article-title":"CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice","volume":"22","author":"JD Thompson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bti191","article-title":"RAxML-III: a fast program for maximum likelihood-based inference of large phylogenetic trees","volume":"21","author":"A Stamatakis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6497","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01603-09","article-title":"Genome-scale phylogenetic analyses of chikungunya virus reveal independent emergences of recent epidemics and various evolutionary rates","volume":"84","author":"SM Volk","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2008.10.001","article-title":"An imported case of Chikungunya fever from Madagascar: use of the sentinel traveller for detecting emerging arboviral infections in tropical and European countries","volume":"7","author":"T Pistone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1210.060610","article-title":"Novel chikungunya virus variant in travelers returning from Indian Ocean islands","volume":"12","author":"P Parola","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1405.071144","article-title":"Chikungunya virus in Aedes albopictus, Italy","volume":"14","author":"P Bonilauri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1504.080664","article-title":"Concurrent chikungunya and dengue virus infections during simultaneous outbreaks, Gabon, 2007","volume":"15","author":"EM Leroy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2006.0620","article-title":"Investigating transmission in a two-wave epidemic of Chikungunya fever, Reunion Island","volume":"8","author":"PY Boelle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R9","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4137","article-title":"Predictors of Chikungunya rheumatism: a prognostic survey ancillary to the TELECHIK cohort study","volume":"15","author":"P Gerardin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2012.04.005","article-title":"Long-term chikungunya infection clinical manifestations after an outbreak in Italy: a prognostic cohort study","volume":"65","author":"ML Moro","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-6-77","article-title":"Genetic predisposition to chikungunya\u2014a blood group study in chikungunya affected families","volume":"6","author":"S Lokireddy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiq042","article-title":"Persistent arthralgia induced by Chikungunya virus infection is associated with interleukin-6 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor","volume":"203","author":"A Chow","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0115938","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,19]],"date-time":"2019-08-19T01:10:52Z","timestamp":1566177052000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0115938"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Laurent","family":"R\u00e9nia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,26]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0115938","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,26]]}}}