{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:14:57Z","timestamp":1790828097871,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,6]],"date-time":"2015-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1423180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,6]],"date-time":"2015-02-06T21:32:36Z","timestamp":1423258356000},"page":"e0116686","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Altered Gene Expression in Schizophrenia: Findings from Transcriptional Signatures in Fibroblasts and Blood"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Nadia","family":"Cattane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Minelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Milanesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Maj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Bignotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Bortolomasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisella Bocchio","family":"Chiavetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Gennarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.20","article-title":"Modeling psychiatric disorders at the cellular and network levels","volume":"17","author":"KJ Brennand","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.34","article-title":"The emerging spectrum of allelic variation in schizophrenia: current evidence and strategies for the identification and functional characterization of common and rare variants","volume":"18","author":"BJ Mowry","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-012-0266-7","article-title":"Schizophrenia genetics: putting all the pieces together","volume":"12","author":"SL Girard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.37","article-title":"Convergent functional genomics of schizophrenia: from comprehensive understanding to genetic risk prediction","volume":"17","author":"M Ayalew","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Genetic Risk for Schizophrenia: Convergence on Synaptic Pathways Involved in Plasticity","author":"J Hall","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"Tomasik J, Rahmoune H, Guest PC, Bahn S (2014) Neuroimmune biomarkers in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pitman KA, Puil E, Borgland SL (2014) GABA modulation of dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens core. Eur J Neurosci.","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12733"},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"Steullet P, Cabungcal JH, Monin A, Dwir D, O\u2019Donnell P, et al. (2014) Redox dysregulation, neuroinflammation, and NMDA receptor hypofunction: A \u201ccentral hub\u201d in schizophrenia pathophysiology? Schizophr Res."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2815","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-013-1553-4","article-title":"Transcription factor 4 (TCF4) and schizophrenia: integrating the animal and the human perspective","volume":"71","author":"BB Quednow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2014.01.010","article-title":"The emerging roles of TCF4 in disease and development","volume":"20","author":"MP Forrest","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.03.015","article-title":"Human brain imaging studies of DISC1 in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression: a systematic review","volume":"147","author":"BJ Duff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e38211","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038211","article-title":"Reduced myelin basic protein and actin-related gene expression in visual cortex in schizophrenia","volume":"7","author":"PR Matthews","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1159\/000218075","article-title":"The impact of heat shock protein 70 gene variations on clinical presentation and outcome in schizophrenic inpatients","volume":"59","author":"CU Pae","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.31062","article-title":"Analysis of whole genome biomarker expression in blood and brain","volume":"153B","author":"B Rollins","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30272","article-title":"Evaluating the comparability of gene expression in blood and brain","volume":"141B","author":"PF Sullivan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32150","article-title":"On the outside, looking in: a review and evaluation of the comparability of blood and brain \u201c-omes"","volume":"162B","author":"DS Tylee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2011.172","article-title":"Genome-wide expression profiling of schizophrenia using a large combined cohort","volume":"18","author":"M Mistry","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867412442405","article-title":"Finding the needle in the haystack: a review of microarray gene expression research into schizophrenia","volume":"46","author":"N Kumarasinghe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-012-8245-1","article-title":"Primary skin fibroblasts as a model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"46","author":"G Auburger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Coordinated Messenger RNA\/MicroRNA Changes in Fibroblasts of Patients with Major Depression","author":"KA Garbett","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2412","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002412","article-title":"Fibroblast and lymphoblast gene expression profiles in schizophrenia: are non-neural cells informative?","volume":"3","author":"NA Matigian","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1021\/pr900867x","article-title":"Expression profiling of fibroblasts identifies cell cycle abnormalities in schizophrenia","volume":"9","author":"L Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gasso P, Mas S, Molina O, Lafuente A, Bernardo M, et al. (2013) Increased susceptibility to apoptosis in cultured fibroblasts from antipsychotic-naive first-episode schizophrenia patients. J Psychiatr Res.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2013.09.017"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2013.10.019","article-title":"Metabolic stress-induced microRNA and mRNA expression profiles of human fibroblasts","volume":"320","author":"S Kalman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300505","article-title":"Decreased serotonin 5-HT2A receptor-stimulated phosphoinositide signaling in fibroblasts from melancholic depressed patients","volume":"29","author":"D Akin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"22","article-title":"The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10","volume":"59","author":"DV Sheehan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R80","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2004-5-10-r80","article-title":"Bioconductor: open software development for computational biology and bioinformatics","volume":"5","author":"RC Gentleman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bti270","article-title":"Use of within-array replicate spots for assessing differential expression in microarray experiments","volume":"21","author":"GK Smyth","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"Article39","DOI":"10.2202\/1544-6115.1585","article-title":"Permutation P-values should never be zero: calculating exact P-values when permutations are randomly drawn","volume":"9","author":"B Phipson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stat Appl Genet Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10523","article-title":"Spatio-temporal transcriptome of the human brain","volume":"478","author":"HJ Kang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp053","article-title":"Testing significance relative to a fold-change threshold is a TREAT","volume":"25","author":"DJ McCarthy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.73","article-title":"Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative C(T) method","volume":"3","author":"TD Schmittgen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2004.05.017","article-title":"Differential expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases and immediate early genes fos and jun in thalamus in schizophrenia","volume":"28","author":"SV Kyosseva","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300211","article-title":"Increased expression of c-Jun transcription factor in cerebellar vermis of patients with schizophrenia","volume":"28","author":"VK Todorova","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2009.117","article-title":"Identification of blood biomarkers for psychosis using convergent functional genomics","volume":"16","author":"SM Kurian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2012.08.027","article-title":"Genetic variation at the synaptic vesicle gene SV2A is associated with schizophrenia","volume":"141","author":"M Mattheisen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.080","article-title":"Time-course of immediate early gene expression in hippocampal subregions of adrenalectomized rats after acute corticosterone challenge","volume":"1215","author":"AC Hansson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2013.11.005","article-title":"Genome-wide approaches reveal EGR1-controlled regulatory networks associated with neurodegeneration","volume":"63","author":"R Koldamova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e99467","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099467","article-title":"Epigenetic regulations of immediate early genes expression involved in memory formation by the amyloid precursor protein of Alzheimer disease","volume":"9","author":"A Hendrickx","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"5","article-title":"Making memories of stressful events: a journey along epigenetic, gene transcription, and signaling pathways","volume":"5","author":"JM Reul","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30171","article-title":"Gene expression analysis of peripheral blood leukocytes from discordant sib-pairs with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder reveals points of convergence between genetic and functional genomic approaches","volume":"136B","author":"FA Middleton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56108","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0056108","article-title":"The role of egr1 in early zebrafish retinogenesis","volume":"8","author":"L Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10153","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010153","article-title":"Uncovering molecular biomarkers that correlate cognitive decline with the changes of hippocampus\u2019 gene expression profiles in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"5","author":"Ravetti M Gomez","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2113","article-title":"Control of the establishment of aversive memory by calcineurin and Zif268","volume":"11","author":"K Baumgartel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30481","article-title":"Towards understanding the schizophrenia code: an expanded convergent functional genomics approach","volume":"144B","author":"H Le-Niculescu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2815","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610765104","article-title":"Genetic analysis of the calcineurin pathway identifies members of the EGR gene family, specifically EGR3, as potential susceptibility candidates in schizophrenia","volume":"104","author":"K Yamada","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.08.005","article-title":"A combined analysis of microarray gene expression studies of the human prefrontal cortex identifies genes implicated in schizophrenia","volume":"46","author":"J Perez-Santiago","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.08.019","article-title":"F15063, a potential antipsychotic with dopamine D(2)\/D(3) receptor antagonist and 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist properties: influence on immediate-early gene expression in rat prefrontal cortex and striatum","volume":"620","author":"LA Bruins Slot","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.03.015","article-title":"Cognitive and sensorimotor gating impairments in transgenic mice overexpressing the schizophrenia susceptibility gene Tcf4 in the brain","volume":"68","author":"MM Brzozka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32109","article-title":"TCF4 (e2\u20132; ITF2): a schizophrenia-associated gene with pleiotropic effects on human disease","volume":"162","author":"K Navarrete","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08186","article-title":"Common variants conferring risk of schizophrenia","volume":"460","author":"H Stefansson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e112","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2012.39","article-title":"TCF4 sequence variants and mRNA levels are associated with neurodevelopmental characteristics in psychotic disorders","volume":"2","author":"KV Wirgenes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4076","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddr325","article-title":"Common variants at VRK2 and TCF4 conferring risk of schizophrenia","volume":"20","author":"S Steinberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S161","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-011-0256-9","article-title":"Impact of TCF4 on the genetics of schizophrenia","volume":"261","author":"L Lennertz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2742","article-title":"Genome-wide association analysis identifies 13 new risk loci for schizophrenia","volume":"45","author":"S Ripke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2013.05.021","article-title":"Analysis of miR-137 expression and rs1625579 in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex","volume":"47","author":"I Guella","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2010_38","article-title":"Epigenetics of schizophrenia","volume":"4","author":"S Akbarian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Top Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-013-0213-6","article-title":"Epigenetics and psychiatry","volume":"10","author":"M Mahgoub","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.09.035","article-title":"Peripheral biomarkers revisited: integrative profiling of peripheral samples for psychiatric research","volume":"75","author":"A Hayashi-Takagi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-0436.2005.00050.x","article-title":"Human fibroblast-derived cell lines have characteristics of embryonic stem cells and cells of neuro-ectodermal origin","volume":"73","author":"P Rieske","year":"2005","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10284","article-title":"Direct generation of functional dopaminergic neurons from mouse and human fibroblasts","volume":"476","author":"M Caiazzo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.5966\/sctm.2012-0133","article-title":"Rapid generation of functional dopaminergic neurons from human induced pluripotent stem cells through a single-step procedure using cell lineage transcription factors","volume":"2","author":"I Theka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2013.08.008","article-title":"Activation of kynurenine pathway in ex vivo fibroblasts from patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia: cytokine challenge increases production of 3-hydroxykynurenine","volume":"47","author":"AS Johansson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2012.07.001","article-title":"The effect of chronological age on the inflammatory response of human fibroblasts","volume":"47","author":"J Wolf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-9255-8-25","article-title":"Effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines on expression of kynurenine pathway enzymes in human dermal fibroblasts","volume":"8","author":"L Asp","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Inflamm (Lond)"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.08.041","article-title":"A simplified method to quantify dysregulated tyrosine transport in schizophrenia","volume":"150","author":"R Bongiovanni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monin A, Baumann PS, Griffa A, Xin L, Mekle R, et al. (2014) Glutathione deficit impairs myelin maturation: relevance for white matter integrity in schizophrenia patients. Mol Psychiatry.","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2014.88"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0116686","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T02:04:14Z","timestamp":1717725854000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0116686"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,6]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0116686","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,6]]}}}