{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T11:29:03Z","timestamp":1771327743280,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,3]],"date-time":"2015-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,3]],"date-time":"2015-02-03T18:57:59Z","timestamp":1422989879000},"page":"e0117039","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Comprehensive Evaluation of the Immune Risk Phenotype in Successfully Treated HIV-Infected Individuals"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Patricia","family":"Ndumbi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christos M.","family":"Tsoukas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198112103052401","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and mucosal candidiasis in previously healthy homosexual men: evidence of a new acquired cellular immunodeficiency","volume":"305","author":"MS Gottlieb","year":"1981","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1086\/510746","article-title":"CD4+ cell count 6 years after commencement of highly active antiretroviral therapy in persons with sustained virologic suppression","volume":"44","author":"RD Moore","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e94018","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094018","article-title":"Delay in cART Initiation Results in Persistent Immune Dysregulation and Poor Recovery of T-Cell Phenotype Despite a Decade of Successful HIV Suppression","volume":"9","author":"P Ndumbi","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12096","article-title":"Characteristics and determinants of T-cell phenotype normalization in HIV-1-infected individuals receiving long-term antiretroviral therapy","volume":"15","author":"P Ndumbi","year":"2014","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e77665","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0077665","article-title":"Predictors of CD4:CD8 ratio normalization and its effect on health outcomes in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy","volume":"8","author":"V Leung","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B378","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/50A.6.B378","article-title":"Immune parameters in a longitudinal study of a very old population of Swedish people: a comparison between survivors and nonsurvivors","volume":"50","author":"FG Ferguson","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-6374(00)00240-2","article-title":"The SENIEUR protocol after 16 years","volume":"122","author":"G Pawelec","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/60.5.556","article-title":"An immune risk phenotype, cognitive impairment, and survival in very late life: impact of allostatic load in Swedish octogenarian and nonagenarian humans","volume":"60","author":"A Wikby","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2006.04.003","article-title":"The immune risk phenotype is associated with IL-6 in the terminal decline stage: findings from the Swedish NONA immune longitudinal study of very late life functioning","volume":"127","author":"A Wikby","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.03.004","article-title":"Inflamm-aging: autoimmunity, and the immune-risk phenotype","volume":"3","author":"E Boren","year":"2004","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-6374(00)00210-4","article-title":"Age-related change in peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subpopulations and cytomegalovirus infection in the very old: the Swedish longitudinal OCTO immune study","volume":"121","author":"J Olsson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5565(01)00212-1","article-title":"Expansions of peripheral blood CD8 T-lymphocyte subpopulations and an association with cytomegalovirus seropositivity in the elderly: the Swedish NONA immune study","volume":"37","author":"A Wikby","year":"2002","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4933-8-8","article-title":"Immune risk phenotype is associated with nosocomial lung infections in elderly in-patients","volume":"8","author":"A Plonquet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immun Ageing"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5893","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.11.5893","article-title":"Lack of antibody production following immunization in old age: association with CD8(+)CD28(-) T cell clonal expansions and an imbalance in the production of Th1 and Th2 cytokines","volume":"168","author":"M Saurwein-Teissl","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23397","article-title":"Reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 is associated with cytomegalovirus and age","volume":"84","author":"RP Stowe","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2009.05.012","article-title":"Biomarkers of human immunosenescence: impact of Cytomegalovirus infection","volume":"21","author":"E Derhovanessian","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.1996.d01-689.x","article-title":"Expansion of cytotoxic CD8+ CD28- T cells in healthy ageing people, including centenarians","volume":"88","author":"FF Fagnoni","year":"1996","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.05.001","article-title":"Aging of the immune system: how much can the adaptive immune system adapt?","volume":"24","author":"NP Weng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0809566","article-title":"CD57+ T lymphocytes and functional immune deficiency","volume":"87","author":"D Focosi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5565(03)00160-8","article-title":"Marked increase with age of type 1 cytokines within memory and effector\/cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in humans: a contribution to understand the relationship between inflammation and immunosenescence","volume":"38","author":"F Zanni","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(65)90211-9","article-title":"The in vitro lifetime of human diploid cell strains","volume":"37","author":"L Hayflick","year":"1965","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3417","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903442","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus infection reduces telomere length of the circulating T cell pool","volume":"184","author":"PJ van de Berg","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/30.10.e47","article-title":"Telomere measurement by quantitative PCR","volume":"30","author":"RM Cawthon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.2144\/000112761","article-title":"A quantitative real-time PCR method for absolute telomere length","volume":"44","author":"N O'Callaghan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biotechniques"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.51.1.245","article-title":"Age-associated increased interleukin-6 gene expression, late-life diseases, and frailty","volume":"51","author":"WB Ershler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1159\/000213568","article-title":"Age-related differences in cytokine secretion","volume":"40","author":"JA Riancho","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2711","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-07-2103","article-title":"Expression of CD57 defines replicative senescence and antigen-induced apoptotic death of CD8+ T cells","volume":"101","author":"JM Brenchley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1200646","article-title":"Programmed death-1 is a marker for abnormal distribution of naive\/memory T cell subsets in HIV-1 infection","volume":"191","author":"G Breton","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3698","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-02-0657","article-title":"Lack of proliferative capacity of human effector and memory T cells expressing killer cell lectinlike receptor G1 (KLRG1)","volume":"100","author":"D Voehringer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj346","article-title":"Leukocyte telomere length and cardiovascular disease in the cardiovascular health study","volume":"165","author":"AL Fitzpatrick","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-008-9138-6","article-title":"The immune risk profile is associated with age and gender: findings from three Swedish population studies of individuals 20\u2013100 years of age","volume":"9","author":"A Wikby","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M357","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/54.7.M357","article-title":"A high plasma concentration of TNF-alpha is associated with dementia in centenarians","volume":"54","author":"H Bruunsgaard","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"E294","article-title":"Advancing age and insulin resistance: role of plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha","volume":"275","author":"G Paolisso","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(03)00329-2","article-title":"Elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha and mortality in centenarians","volume":"115","author":"H Bruunsgaard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e44454","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044454","article-title":"Inflammation, coagulation and cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected individuals","volume":"7","author":"DA Duprez","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000437171.00504.41","article-title":"Associations of inflammatory markers with AIDS and non-AIDS clinical events after initiation of antiretroviral therapy: AIDS clinical trials group A5224s, a substudy of ACTG A5202","volume":"65","author":"GA McComsey","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1089\/08892220050195847","article-title":"T cell responses to recall antigens, alloantigen, and mitogen of HIV-infected patients receiving long-term combined antiretroviral therapy","volume":"16","author":"V Blazevic","year":"2000","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2007.12.002","article-title":"T cell subset-specific susceptibility to aging","volume":"127","author":"M Czesnikiewicz-Guzik","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2006.11.016","article-title":"Aging and T-cell diversity","volume":"42","author":"JJ Goronzy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3675","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.6.3675-3683.2005","article-title":"Long-term cytomegalovirus infection leads to significant changes in the composition of the CD8+ T-cell repertoire, which may be the basis for an imbalance in the cytokine production profile in elderly persons","volume":"79","author":"G Almanzar","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3826","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(03)00309-8","article-title":"Association between cytomegalovirus infection, enhanced proinflammatory response and low level of anti-hemagglutinins during the anti-influenza vaccination\u2014an impact of immunosenescence","volume":"21","author":"P Trzonkowski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200737687","article-title":"Proliferation and interleukin 5 production by CD8hi CD57+ T cells","volume":"38","author":"LK Chong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6088","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.10.6088","article-title":"Expression of killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 on antigen-specific human CD8+ T lymphocytes during active, latent, and resolved infection and its relation with CD57","volume":"174","author":"CC Ibegbu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.03.034","article-title":"Leukocyte telomere shortening in elderly Type2DM patients with previous myocardial infarction","volume":"206","author":"F Olivieri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.897","article-title":"Telomere length and risk of incident cancer and cancer mortality","volume":"304","author":"P Willeit","year":"2010","journal-title":"Jama"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0117039","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]],"date-time":"2018-10-24T02:16:52Z","timestamp":1540347412000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0117039"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Naglaa H.","family":"Shoukry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,3]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0117039","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,3]]}}}