{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T11:39:24Z","timestamp":1776685164065,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,17]],"date-time":"2015-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,17]],"date-time":"2015-02-17T18:52:02Z","timestamp":1424199122000},"page":"e0117385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Burden and Correlates of HIV Risk among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Nagaland, India: Analysis of Sentinel Surveillance Data"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Malay Kumar","family":"Saha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanmay","family":"Mahapatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Subrata","family":"Biswas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piyali","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Medo","family":"Kire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Annual Report 2012\u20132013 (2013) National AIDS Control Organization; Ministry of Health &amp; Family Welfare, Government of India. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/nacoonline.org\/NACO\/Quick_Links\/Publication\/Annual_Report\/NACO_Annual_Report\/Annual_Report_2012-13\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/nacoonline.org\/NACO\/Quick_Links\/Publication\/Annual_Report\/NACO_Annual_Report\/Annual_Report_2012-13\/<\/ext-link> Accessed 1 July, 2013."},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"A Tale of Two States: The Evolution of the HIV Epidemic and Response in Manipur and Nagaland","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"Annual Report 2011\u20132012 (2012) National AIDS Control Organization; Ministry of Health &amp; Family Welfare, Government of India. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/nacoonline.org\/NACO\/Quick_Links\/Publication\/Annual_Report\/NACO_Annual_Report\/NACO_Annual_Report_2011-12__English\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/nacoonline.org\/NACO\/Quick_Links\/Publication\/Annual_Report\/NACO_Annual_Report\/NACO_Annual_Report_2011-12__English\/<\/ext-link>. Accessed 28 June, 2013."},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"HIV Sentinel Surveillance 2010\u201311","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1080\/13691050701816714","article-title":"Secondary HIV prevention among Kothi identified MSM in Chennai, India","volume":"10","author":"V Chakrapani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cult Health Sex"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000163938.01188.e4","article-title":"Sex behaviour of men who have sex with men and risk of HIV in Andhra Pradesh, India","volume":"19","author":"L Dandona","year":"2005","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1080\/15574090902942015","article-title":"Cultural Dimension of Male Sexual Behavior and HIV Risk in South Asia with Special Emphasis on India: A Commentary","volume":"4","author":"S Banik","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of LGBT Health Research"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(00)00167-2","article-title":"The social construction of male \u2018homosexuality\u2019in India: implications for HIV transmission and prevention","volume":"52","author":"S Asthana","year":"2001","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S45","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000343763.54831.15","article-title":"Sexual practices, HIV and sexually transmitted infections among self-identified men who have sex with men in four high HIV prevalence states of India","volume":"22","author":"GN Brahmam","year":"2008","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1177\/095646249100200611","article-title":"Sexual behaviour and HIV infection risks in Indian homosexual men: a cross-cultural comparison","volume":"2","author":"B Kumar","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5916.92637","article-title":"HIV in Indian MSM: Reasons for a concentrated epidemic &amp; strategies for prevention","volume":"134","author":"B Thomas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2009.21.4.372","article-title":"Unseen and unheard: predictors of sexual risk behavior and HIV infection among men who have sex with men in Chennai, India","volume":"21","author":"B Thomas","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS Educ Prev"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200403010-00014","article-title":"High HIV prevalence and risk behaviors in men who have sex with men in Chennai, India","volume":"35","author":"VF Go","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"4","article-title":"Males who have sex with males (MSM) and HIV\/AIDS in India: the hidden epidemic","volume":"16","author":"G Pappas","year":"2001","journal-title":"AIDS Public Policy Journal"},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"Nagaland Population Census Data (2011) Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.census2011.co.in\/census\/state\/nagaland.html\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.census2011.co.in\/census\/state\/nagaland.html\/<\/ext-link>. Accessed 21 November, 2014."},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Nagaland Population Census Data","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1258\/0956462001915796","article-title":"Marriage, monogamy and HIV: a profile of HIV-infected women in south India","volume":"11","author":"S Newmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3126\/saarctb.v6i1.3058","article-title":"A Population Based Survey on HIV Prevalence in Nagaland, India","volume":"6","author":"D Bechani","year":"2009","journal-title":"SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV\/AIDS"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"HIV Sentinel Surveillance 2012\u201313","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Annual Report 2010\u20132011 (2011). National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.niced.org.in\/annualreports\/agr2010-2011.htm\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.niced.org.in\/annualreports\/agr2010-2011.htm\/<\/ext-link>. Accessed 21 November, 2014."},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"HIV Sentinel Surveillance 2010, Operational Manual HRG Sentinel Sites","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Manual on quality standards for HIV testing laboratories","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181c354d8","article-title":"Bisexuality, sexual risk taking, and HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men accessing voluntary counseling and testing services in Mumbai, India","volume":"53","author":"S Kumta","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.29338","article-title":"Men who have sex with men and transgenders in Mumbai, India: An emerging risk group for STIs and HIV","volume":"72","author":"MS Setia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e339","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040339","article-title":"Elevated risk for HIV infection among men who have sex with men in low-and middle-income countries 2000\u20132006: a systematic review","volume":"4","author":"S Baral","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32835ad504","article-title":"HIV among MSM in a large middle-income country","volume":"27","author":"LR Kerr","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18848","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.17.1.18848","article-title":"HIV prevalence and high-risk sexual behaviours among MSM repeat and first-time testers in China: implications for HIV prevention","volume":"17","author":"X Bai","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-012-0275-4","article-title":"Demographic and behavioral correlates of HIV risk among men and transgender women recruited from gay entertainment venues and community-based organizations in Thailand: implications for HIV prevention","volume":"13","author":"PA Newman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prev Sci"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-009-9598-y","article-title":"High HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men in Soweto, South Africa: results from the Soweto men\u2019s study","volume":"15","author":"T Lane","year":"2011","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e318211b41e","article-title":"Persistently high prevalence and unrecognized HIV infection among men who have sex with men in Baltimore: the BESURE study","volume":"57","author":"D German","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e59072","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059072","article-title":"Prevalence of HIV, STIs, and risk behaviors in a cross-sectional community- and clinic-based sample of men who have sex with men (MSM) in Lima, Peru","volume":"8","author":"AG Perez-Brumer","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0218.55285","article-title":"Sexual Practice and Perception of HIV\/AIDS Amongst Men who have Sex with Men in Kolkata","volume":"34","author":"S Deb","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Community Med"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-006-9129-z","article-title":"Sexual behavior among men who have sex with women, men, and Hijras in Mumbai, India\u2014multiple sexual risks","volume":"10","author":"AL Hernandez","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200208160-00011","article-title":"Increases in HIV incidence among men who have sex with men undergoing repeat diagnostic HIV testing in Ontario, Canada","volume":"16","author":"L Calzavara","year":"2002","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000243097.27029.b7","article-title":"Same-sex behavior and high rates of HIV among men attending sexually transmitted infection clinics in Pune, India (1993\u20132002)","volume":"43","author":"A Gupta","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-010-9711-2","article-title":"The emerging HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men in Tamil Nadu, India: geographic diffusion and bisexual concurrency","volume":"14","author":"SS Solomon","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"ref37","unstructured":"Annual Report 2008\u201309 (2009) National AIDS Control Organization; Ministry of Health &amp; Family Welfare, Government of India. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/nacoonline.org\/NACO\/Quick_Links\/Publication\/Annual_Report\/NACO_Annual_Report\/Annual_Report_2008-09\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/nacoonline.org\/NACO\/Quick_Links\/Publication\/Annual_Report\/NACO_Annual_Report\/Annual_Report_2008-09\/<\/ext-link>. Accessed 21 June, 2013."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2006.18.4.323","article-title":"A survey of MSM HIV prevention outreach workers in Chennai, India","volume":"18","author":"SA Safren","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS Educ Prev"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2012.24.6.483","article-title":"Ensuring it works: a community-based approach to HIV prevention intervention development for men who have sex with men in Chennai, India","volume":"24","author":"B Thomas","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS Educ Prev"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-013-0413-4","article-title":"Factors associated with unprotected anal intercourse among men who have sex with men: results from a respondent driven sampling survey in Nanjing, China, 2008","volume":"17","author":"W Tang","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"ref41","unstructured":"Das A, Li J, Zhong F, Ouyang L, Mahapatra T, et al. (2014) Factors associated with HIV and syphilis co-infection among men who have sex with men in seven Chinese cities. Int J STD AIDS Epub: 2014\/04\/17. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/std.sagepub.com\/content\/early\/2014\/04\/15\/0956462414531560.long\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/std.sagepub.com\/content\/early\/2014\/04\/15\/0956462414531560.long<\/ext-link>. Accessed 23 November 2014."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200409030-00014","article-title":"Homosexual activity among rural Indian men: implications for HIV interventions","volume":"18","author":"RK Verma","year":"2004","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2008.031484","article-title":"Correlates of paid sex among men who have sex with men in Chennai, India","volume":"84","author":"P Newman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0117385","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,30]],"date-time":"2022-04-30T00:21:38Z","timestamp":1651278098000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0117385"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Paraskevis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,17]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0117385","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,17]]}}}