{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T21:42:40Z","timestamp":1789422160192,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,23]],"date-time":"2015-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,23]],"date-time":"2015-02-23T19:04:11Z","timestamp":1424718251000},"page":"e0117977","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The Involvement of TLR2 and TLR4 in Cytokine and Nitric Oxide Production in Visceral Leishmaniasis Patients before and after Treatment with Anti-Leishmanial Drugs"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Mariana","family":"Gatto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana Miziara","family":"de Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen Ingrid","family":"Tasca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjorie","family":"de Assis Golim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura Denise Mendes","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Cl\u00e1udio","family":"Sim\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Magno Castelo Branco","family":"Fortaleza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c2ngela Maria Victoriano","family":"de Campos Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sueli Aparecida","family":"Calvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"311","article-title":"New developments in diagnosis of leishmaniasis","volume":"123","author":"S Singh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(99)00050-4","article-title":"Global control and <italic>Leishmania<\/italic> HIV co-infection","volume":"17","author":"P Desjeux","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-003-3139-9","article-title":"Prognostic factors for death from visceral leishmaniasis in Teresina, Brazil","volume":"31","author":"GL Werneck","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)10178-2","article-title":"Leishmaniasis","volume":"354","author":"BL Herwaldt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"UNICEF\/UNDP\/World Bank\/WHO. Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases. Leishmaniasis: Disease Information. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/tdr\/diseases\/leish\/diseaseinfo.htm\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.who.int\/tdr\/diseases\/leish\/diseaseinfo.htm<\/ext-link>. Accessed 22 december 2013."},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Guia de vigil\u00e2ncia epidemiol\u00f3gica","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.77.266","article-title":"Treatment of mucosal leishmaniasis in Latin America: systematic review","volume":"77","author":"VS Amato","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Departamento de Vigil\u00e2ncia Epidemiol\u00f3gica. Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o Geral de Vigil\u00e2ncia Epidemiol\u00f3gica. Leishmaniose Visceral Grave. Normas e Condutas","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16","DOI":"10.1086\/595710","article-title":"Parasite susceptibility to amphotericin B in failures of treatment for visceral leishmaniasis in patients co-infected with HIV type 1 and <italic>Leishmania infantum<\/italic>","volume":"48","author":"L Lachaud","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01090-07","article-title":"Toll-like receptors and leishmaniasis","volume":"76","author":"FF Tuon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X1998000100020","article-title":"Cytokine profile and pathology in human leishmaniasis","volume":"31","author":"A Ribeiro-de-Jesus","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Med Biol Res"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2418","article-title":"Parasitic adaptive mechanisms in infection by <italic>Leishmania<\/italic>","volume":"72","author":"AC Cunningham","year":"2002","journal-title":"Exp Mol Pathol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830270409","article-title":"Interleukin-10 and interleukin-4 inhibit intracellular killing of <italic>Leishmania infantum<\/italic> and <italic>Leishmania major<\/italic> by human macrophages by decreasing nitric oxide generation","volume":"27","author":"I Vouldoukis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2003.02096.x","article-title":"Live <italic>Leishmania<\/italic> promastigotes can directly activate primary human natural killer cells to produce interferon-gamma","volume":"131","author":"S Nylen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5949","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.152.12.5949","article-title":"Restoration of IFN-\u03b3 production and lymphocyte proliferation in visceral leishmanisis","volume":"152","author":"EM Carvalho","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2005.02768.x","article-title":"Dichotomy of protective cellular immune response to human visceral leishmanisis","volume":"140","author":"EAG Khalil","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2626","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116878","article-title":"Potential role for interleukin-10 in the immunosuppression associated with kala azar","volume":"92","author":"BJ Holaday","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116570","article-title":"Interleukin 10 production correlates with pathology in human <italic>Leishmania donovani<\/italic> infections","volume":"92","author":"HW Ghalib","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir461","article-title":"IL-10 neutralization promotes parasite clearance in splenic aspirate cells from patients with visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"204","author":"S Gautam","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2007.00311.x","article-title":"Immune response to <italic>Leishmania<\/italic>: paradox rather than paradigm","volume":"51","author":"P Tripathi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1261","article-title":"A distinct lineage of CD4 T cells regulates tissue inflammation by producing interleukin 17","volume":"6","author":"H Park","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5986","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1035999100","article-title":"IL-17 production from activated T cells is required for the spontaneous development of destructive arthritis in mice deficient in IL-1 receptor antagonist","volume":"100","author":"S Nakae","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2004.08.018","article-title":"Interleukin-17 family members and inflammation","volume":"21","author":"JK Kolls","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200737409","article-title":"IL-23 and the Th17 pathway promote inflammation and impair antifungal immune resistance","volume":"37","author":"T Zelante","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1086\/599380","article-title":"Interleukin 17 production among patients with american cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"200","author":"O Bacellar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Infec Dis"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3039","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0713598","article-title":"IL-17 promotes progression of cutaneous leishmaniasis in susceptible mice","volume":"182","author":"SL Kostka","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-013-1999-1","article-title":"Alteration of the serum biomarker of visceral leishmanisis during treatment","volume":"33","author":"MS Duthie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"2379","article-title":"IL-17 and IL-22 are associated with protection against human kala azar caused by <italic>Leishmania donovani<\/italic>","volume":"119","author":"MGR Pitta","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2822","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200324128","article-title":"MyD88 is essential for clearance of <italic>Leishmania major<\/italic>: possible role for lipophosphoglycan and Toll-like receptor 2 signaling","volume":"33","author":"MJ de Veer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(03)00160-9","article-title":"<italic>Leishmania<\/italic> lipophosphoglycan (LPG) activates NK cells through Toll-like receptor 2","volume":"130","author":"I Becker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.4.1920-1928.2004","article-title":"Toll-lke receptor 4 contributes to efficient control of infection with the protozoan parasite <italic>Leishmania major<\/italic>","volume":"72","author":"P Kropf","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200535079","article-title":"RNA interference reveals a role for TLR2 and TLR3 in the recognition of <italic>Leishmania donovani<\/italic> promastigotes by interferon-\u03b3-primed macrophages","volume":"36","author":"J Flandin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(02)02289-4","article-title":"How protozoan parasites evade the immune response","volume":"18","author":"S Zambrano-Villa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1003484","article-title":"Infection of C57BL\/10ScCr and C57BL\/10ScNCr mice with <italic>Leishmania major<\/italic> reveals a role for Toll-like receptor 4 in the control of parasite replication","volume":"76","author":"P Kropf","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Leuk Biol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762011000500010","article-title":"Analysis of the expression of Toll-like receptors 2 e 4 and cytokine production during experimental <italic>Leishmania chagasi<\/italic> infection","volume":"106","author":"GAG Cez\u00e1rio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2011.80","article-title":"TGF-\u03b21 re-programs TLR4 signaling in <italic>L. donovani<\/italic> infection: enhancement of SHP-1 and ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20","volume":"90","author":"S Das","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2318","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01468-12","article-title":"Regulatory actions of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 in <italic>Leishmania donovani<\/italic> infection in the liver","volume":"81","author":"HW Murray","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-7-36","article-title":"Toll-like receptors in cellular subsets of human tonsil T cells: altered expression during recurrent tonsilitis","volume":"7","author":"A Mansson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Resp Res"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.11.002","article-title":"TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression on the immune cells of tuberculous pleural fluid","volume":"117","author":"C Prabha","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunol Let"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e88572","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088572","article-title":"Analysis of Toll-like receptors, iNOS and cytokine profiles in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis during anti-tuberculosis treatment","volume":"9","author":"LRC Oliveira","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3234","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-03-079152","article-title":"Exosomes released from macrophages infected with intracellular pathogens stimulate a proinflammatory response <italic>in vitro<\/italic> and <italic>in vivo<\/italic>","volume":"110","author":"S Bhatnagar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2003.tb03404.x","article-title":"Mycobacterial infection in TLR2 and TLR6 knockout mice","volume":"47","author":"I Sugawara","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201242428","article-title":"TLR-mediated distinct IFN-\u03b3\/IL-10 pattern induces protective immunity against murine visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"42","author":"J Paul","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0691.2000.00011.x","article-title":"Circulating levels of sTNFR and discrepancy between cytotoxicity and immunoreactivity of TNF-alpha in patients with visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"6","author":"IM Medeiros","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/171.2.498","article-title":"Soluble Receptors for tumor necrosis factor as markers of disease activity in visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"171","author":"EE Zijlstra","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762012000600005","article-title":"Cytokines and visceral leishmanisis: a comparison of plasma cytokine profiles between the clinical forms of visceral leishmanisis","volume":"107","author":"ASA Costa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.7.1231","article-title":"Intracellular antimicrobial activity in the absence of interferon-\u03b3: effect of interleukin-12 in experimental visceral leishmaniasis in interferon-\u03b3 gene-disrupted mice","volume":"185","author":"A Taylor","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.153.2.768","article-title":"Role and effect of TNF-alpha in experimental visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"153","author":"MCT Tumang","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2006.03171.x","article-title":"Mixed inflammatory\/regulatory cytokine profile marked by simultaneous raise of interferon-\u03b3 and interleukin-10 and low frequency of tumour necrosis fator-\u03b1<sup>+<\/sup> monocytes are hallmarks of active human visceral leishmaniasis due to <italic>Leishmania chagasi<\/italic> infection","volume":"146","author":"V Peruhype-Magalh\u00e3es","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2010.02586.x","article-title":"Circulating Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR4, and regulatory T cells in patients with chronic hepatitis C","volume":"118","author":"J Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2012.02.002","article-title":"Miltefosine triggers a strong proinflammatory cytokine response during visceral leishmaniasis: Role of TLR4 and TLR9","volume":"12","author":"AK Mukherjee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inter Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2373","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks220","article-title":"Combination of paromomycin and miltefosine promotes TLR4-dependent induction of antileishmanial immune response <italic>in vitro<\/italic>","volume":"67","author":"S Das","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4012","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.6.4012","article-title":"Rapidly fatal leishmanisis in resistant C57BL\/6 mice lacking TNF","volume":"166","author":"P Wilhelm","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3935","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.59.11.3935-3944.1991","article-title":"Role of inorganic nitrogen oxides and tumor necrosis factor alpha in killing <italic>Leishmania donovani<\/italic> amastigotes in gamma interferon-lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages from <italic>Lshr<\/italic> congenic mouse strains","volume":"59","author":"TIA Roach","year":"1991","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63262-2","article-title":"Distinct roles for lymphotoxin-alpha and tumor necrosis factor in the control of <italic>Leishmania donovani<\/italic> infection","volume":"165","author":"CR Engwerda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(98)00187-7","article-title":"Phagocytic killing of microorganisms by radical process: consequences of the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with chloride yelding chlorine atoms","volume":"26","author":"M Saran","year":"1999","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1086\/315330","article-title":"Inhibition of interferon-\u03b3 signaling by <italic>Leishmania donovani<\/italic>","volume":"181","author":"M Ray","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200909-1463OC","article-title":"Reduced Th17 response in patients with tuberculosis correlates with IL-6R expression on CD41 T Cells","volume":"181","author":"X Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1086\/422329","article-title":"Requirement of interleukin-17A for systemic anti-<italic>Candida albicans<\/italic> host defense in mice","volume":"190","author":"W Huang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2007.tb04008.x","article-title":"Interleukin-17 as an effector molecule of innate and acquired immunity against infections","volume":"51","author":"G Matsuzaki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1630","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001630","article-title":"Deficient regulatory T cell activity and low frequency of IL-17-producing T cells correlate with the extent of cardiomyophaty in human Chagas\u2019 disease","volume":"6","author":"PMM Guedes","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis771","article-title":"Successful therapy of visceral leishmaniasis with curdlan involves T-helper 17 cytokines","volume":"207","author":"K Ghosh","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Dis Adv"},{"key":"ref63","first-page":"3754","article-title":"Shift from Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) toward TLR4 dependency in the erosive stage of chronic streptococcal cell wall arthritis coincident with TLR4-meadiate interleukin-17 production","volume":"58","author":"S Abdollahi-Roodsaz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritos and Rheumatism"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2011.38","article-title":"Protective role of Toll-like receptor 4 in experimental gonococcal infection in female mice","volume":"5","author":"M Packiam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1093\/clind\/24.4.684","article-title":"Human leishmaniasis: clinical, disgnostic and chemotherapeutic developments in the last 10 years","volume":"24","author":"JD Berman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.2.447","article-title":"<italic>Leishmania<\/italic> promastigotes evade interleukin-12 (IL-12) induction by macrophages and stimulate a broad range of cytokines from CD4+ T cells during initiation of infection","volume":"179","author":"SL Reiner","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.180.3.783","article-title":"Tissue expression in inducible nitric oxide synthase is closely associated with resistence to <italic>Leishmania major<\/italic>","volume":"180","author":"S Stenger","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(97)00169-0","article-title":"The immune response to <italic>Leishmania<\/italic>. Mechanism of parasite control and evasion","volume":"28","author":"NC Bogdan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2001.01551.x","article-title":"Reactive oxygen intermediates, nitrite and IFN-\u03b3 in Indian visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"124","author":"R Kumar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nascimento MS, Carregaro V, Lima-J\u00fanior DS, Costa DL, Ryffel B, et al. (2014) IL-17 acts synergistically with IFN-\u03b3 to promote protection against <italic>Leishmania infantum<\/italic> infection [Epub ahead of print].","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu531"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009990473","article-title":"The involvement of TLR2 in cytokine and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by PBMCs in response to <italic>Leishmania major<\/italic> phosphoglycans (PGs)","volume":"136","author":"G Kavoosi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70577-1","article-title":"The two faces of interleukin 10 in human infectious diseases","volume":"6","author":"JL Mege","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.19.1.683","article-title":"Interleukin-10 and the interleukin-10 receptor","volume":"19","author":"KW Moore","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu Ver Immunol"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2008.07.001","article-title":"Identification of regulatory T cells during experimental <italic>Leishmania infantum<\/italic> infection","volume":"214","author":"OR Rodrigues","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.155.4.2077","article-title":"Transforming growth fator-beta stimulates arginase activity in macrophages. Implications for the regulation of macrophage cytotoxicity","volume":"155","author":"V Boutard","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1993.tb35934.x","article-title":"Modulation of macrophage function by transforming growth fator\u2014beta, interleukin-4 and interleukin-10","volume":"685","author":"C Bogdan","year":"1993","journal-title":"AnnNY Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.194.10.1497","article-title":"The role of interleukin (IL)-10 in the persistence of <italic>Leishmania major<\/italic> in the skin after healing and the therapeutic potential of anti-IL-10 receptor antibody for sterile cure","volume":"194","author":"Y Belkaid","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/173.6.1515","article-title":"Interleukin-12 restores interferon-gamma production and cytotoxic responses in visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"173","author":"O Bacellar","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4325","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.8.4325","article-title":"IL-10 inhibits the synthesis of migration inhibitory factor and migration inhibitory factor-mediated macrophage activation","volume":"151","author":"J Wu","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1636092","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-beta in leishmanial infection: a parasite escape mechanism","volume":"257","author":"M Barral-Netto","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3442","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.8.3442","article-title":"Transforming growth fator-beta as a virulence mechanism for <italic>Leishmania braziliensis<\/italic>","volume":"90","author":"A Barral","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.01.017","article-title":"Elevated levels of interferon-gamma, interleukin-10 and interleukin-6 during active disease in Indian Kala azar","volume":"119","author":"NA Ansari","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20061141","article-title":"Splenic accumulation of IL-10 mRNA in T cells distinct from CD4+CD25+ (Foxp3) regulatory T cells in human visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"204","author":"S Nyl\u00e9n","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2008.03741.x","article-title":"<italic>Leishmania donovani<\/italic> infection down-regulates TLR2-stimulated IL-12p40 and activates IL-10 in cells of macrophage\/monocytic lineage by modulating MAPK pathways through a contact-dependent mechanism","volume":"154","author":"D Chandra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-9255-7-8","article-title":"Suppression of LPS-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages infected with <italic>Leishmania<\/italic>","volume":"7","author":"NJ Lapara","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Inflam"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021909-135926","article-title":"TH17 cells in asthma and COPD","volume":"72","author":"JF Alcorn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2007.10.012","article-title":"The link between IL-23 and Th17 cell-mediated immune pathologies","volume":"19","author":"MJ McGeachy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.4.2001","article-title":"TGF-beta mediates CTLA-4 supression of cellular immunity in murine kala-zar","volume":"164","author":"NA Gomes","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0117977","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,6]],"date-time":"2023-08-06T22:32:34Z","timestamp":1691361154000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0117977"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Proost","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,23]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0117977","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,23]]}}}