{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:28:28Z","timestamp":1791354508377,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,4]],"date-time":"2015-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,4]],"date-time":"2015-03-04T18:51:38Z","timestamp":1425495098000},"page":"e0118591","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["A Protocol to Assess Insect Resistance to Heat Waves, Applied to Bumblebees (Bombus Latreille, 1802)"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Baptiste","family":"Martinet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Lecocq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00e9my","family":"Smet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Rasmont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5466","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.091093698","article-title":"The current biodiversity extinction event: scenarios for mitigation and recovery","volume":"98","author":"MJ Novacek","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0477(2000)081<0443:IOEWAC>2.3.CO;2","article-title":"Impacts of extreme weather and climate on terrestrial biota","volume":"81","author":"C Parmesan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bull Am Meteorol Soc"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.37.091305.110100","article-title":"Ecological and Evolutionary Responses to Recent Climate Change","volume":"37","author":"C Parmesan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05449.x","article-title":"The conservation and restoration of wild bees","volume":"1195","author":"R Winfree","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1098704","article-title":"More intense, more frequent, and longer lasting heat waves in the 21st century","volume":"305","author":"GA Meehl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2009.0702","article-title":"Climate change increases the likelihood of catastrophic avian mortality events during extreme heat waves","volume":"6","author":"AE McKechnie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Lett"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.12145","article-title":"Heat stress and the fitness consequences of climate change for terrestrial ectotherms","volume":"27","author":"JG Kingsolver","year":"2013","journal-title":"Funct Ecol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2006.00986.x","article-title":"Thermal range predicts bird population resilience to extreme high temperatures","volume":"9","author":"F Jiguet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ecol Lett"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2010.08.024","article-title":"Heat waves measured with MODIS land surface temperature data predict changes in avian community structure","volume":"115","author":"TP Albright","year":"2011","journal-title":"Remote Sens Environ"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2013.09.004","article-title":"Thermal biology, population fluctuations and implications of temperature extremes for the management of two globally significant insect pests","volume":"59","author":"C Nyamukondiwa","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Insect Physiol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2007.1385","article-title":"Climate change and the effects of temperature extremes on Australian flying-foxes","volume":"275","author":"JA Welbergen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1095-8312.2003.00154.x","article-title":"Resistance to temperature extremes in sub-Antarctic weevils: interspecific variation, population differentiation and acclimation","volume":"78","author":"CJ Klok","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol J Linn Soc"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1910(97)00001-2","article-title":"Critical thermal limits, temperature tolerance and water balance of a sub-Antarctic caterpillar, Pringleophaga marioni (Lepidoptera: Tineidae)","volume":"43","author":"Klok C Jaco","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Insect Physiol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1080\/00379271.2012.10697776","article-title":"The Bumblebees Scarcity Syndrome: Are heat waves leading to local extinctions of bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus)","volume":"48","author":"P Rasmont","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Entomol Fr (n.s.)"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-011-0197-7","article-title":"How threatened are alpine environments? a cross taxonomic study","volume":"21","author":"M Franz\u00e9n","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biodivers Conserv"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2311.1931.tb00696.x","article-title":"Insects and climate","volume":"79","author":"BP Uvarov","year":"1931","journal-title":"Trans Entomol Soc London"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref17","first-page":"367","article-title":"The concept of critical thermal maximum","volume":"237","author":"VH Hutchison","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1139\/z97-783","article-title":"The critical thermal maximum: History and critique","volume":"75","author":"WI Lutterschmidt","year":"1997","journal-title":"Can J Zool"},{"key":"ref19","author":"JR Brett","year":"1944"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"205","article-title":"The lethal temperature as a tool in taxonomy","volume":"33","author":"FEJ Fry","year":"1957","journal-title":"Ann\u00e9e Biol"},{"key":"ref21","author":"B Heinrich","year":"1979"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150801898912","article-title":"Historical biogeography, divergence times, and diversification patterns of bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus)","volume":"57","author":"HM Hines","year":"2008","journal-title":"Syst Biol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-13-263","article-title":"Scent of a break-up: phylogeography and reproductive trait divergences in the red-tailed bumblebee (Bombus lapidarius)","volume":"13","author":"T Lecocq","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Evol Biol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1080\/0005772X.1986.11098871","article-title":"Environmental change and the distributions of British bumble bees (Bombus Latr.)","volume":"67","author":"PH Williams","year":"1986","journal-title":"Bee World"},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"Core Writing Team, Pachauri RK, Pachauri RA (IPCC). Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Geneva. 2007. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/pdf\/assessment-report\/ar4\/syr\/ar4_syr_fr.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/pdf\/assessment-report\/ar4\/syr\/ar4_syr_fr.pdf<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s10841-011-9410-y","article-title":"Climate-driven changes in pollinator assemblages during the last 60 years in an Arctic mountain region in Northern Scandinavia","volume":"16","author":"M Franz\u00e9n","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Insect Conserv"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-011-0197-7","article-title":"How threatened are alpine environments? a cross taxonomic study","volume":"21","author":"M Franz\u00e9n","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biodivers Conserv"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1051\/apido:2007052","article-title":"A simplified subgeneric classification of the bumblebees (genus Bombus)","volume":"39","author":"PH Williams","year":"2008","journal-title":"Apidologie"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00706595","article-title":"Thermoregulation in bumblebees","volume":"96","author":"B Heinrich","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Comp Physiol B"},{"key":"ref30","author":"N Pottier","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref31","unstructured":"Jacq F, Berne C, Pineaud A. Bulletin Climatique Juillet 2012. MeteoFrance.2012. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr\/donnees_libres\/bulletins\/BCM\/201207.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr\/donnees_libres\/bulletins\/BCM\/201207.pdf<\/ext-link>. Accessed 2014 Sep 5."},{"key":"ref32","unstructured":"Infoclimat. Pourcentage d&apos; Humidit\u00e9 relative. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.infoclimat.fr\/cartes\/observations%20-meteo\/temps-reel\/humidite-relative\/france.html\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.infoclimat.fr\/cartes\/observations%20-meteo\/temps-reel\/humidite-relative\/france.html<\/ext-link>. Accessed 2014 Sep 5."},{"key":"ref33","unstructured":"Infoclimat. Temp\u00e9ratures maximales Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.infoclimat.fr\/cartes\/observations-meteo\/archives\/temperature-maximale-journaliere\/1er\/janvier\/1881\/00h\/france.html\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.infoclimat.fr\/cartes\/observations-meteo\/archives\/temperature-maximale-journaliere\/1er\/janvier\/1881\/00h\/france.html<\/ext-link>. Accessed 2014 Sep 5."},{"key":"ref34","unstructured":"Weatheronline Ltd. Climate Data Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.weatheronline.co.uk\/Europe.htm\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.weatheronline.co.uk\/Europe.htm<\/ext-link>. Accessed 2014 Sep 5."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00987845","article-title":"Marking pheromones ofAlpinobombus males","volume":"5","author":"BG Svensson","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Chem Ecol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00338215","article-title":"\u00dcber die Temperaturabhangigkeit von Insekten. ii. Die Abh\u00e4ngigkeit der Aktivit\u00e4t bei der Ernteameise Messor semirufus, E. Andr\u00e9 von Temperatur und anderen Faktoren","volume":"11","author":"FS Bodenheimer","year":"1930","journal-title":"Z Vgl Physiol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2005.11.032","article-title":"Thermal tolerance and altitudinal distribution of two Sphenomorphus lizards in Taiwan","volume":"31","author":"S-P Huang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"139","article-title":"Critical thermal maxima and minima of Sardinops sagax caeruleus Girard 1854 and the analyses of behavioral responses to establish adequate endpoints","volume":"23","author":"M Mart\u00ednez-Porchas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trop Zool"},{"key":"ref39","author":"S Siegel","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"Computer Science and Data Analysis Series: R Graphics","author":"P Murrell","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref41","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"595","article-title":"Ueber die Verh\u00e4ltnisse der W\u00e4rme\u00f6konomie der Thiere zu ihrer Gr\u00f6sse","volume":"3","author":"C Bergmann","year":"1847","journal-title":"Gottinger Stud"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"Aspects of Zoogeography","author":"P Muller","year":"1974"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.2007.00784.x","article-title":"A comprehensive phylogeny of the bumble bees (Bombus)","volume":"91","author":"SA Cameron","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol J Linn Soc"},{"key":"ref45","unstructured":"Rasmont P. Monographie \u00e9cologique et zoog\u00e9ographique des Bourdons de France et de Belgique (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombinae). PhD.Sc.Thesis Gembloux: Facult\u00e9 des Sciences agronomiques de l&apos;Etat. 1988. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.zoologie.umh.ac.be\/hymenoptera\/biblio\/Rasmont_1988_PhD_compact.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.zoologie.umh.ac.be\/hymenoptera\/biblio\/Rasmont_1988_PhD_compact.pdf<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref46","unstructured":"Rasmont P, Iserbyt S. Tertiary Atlas of the European bees: genus Bombus. STEP Project. Status Trends Eur. Pollinators. 06 Sep 2014. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.atlashymenoptera.net\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.atlashymenoptera.net<\/ext-link>. Accessed 12014 Sep 5."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1080\/00379271.2012.10697776","article-title":"The Bumblebees Scarcity Syndrome: Are heat waves leading to local extinctions of bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus)","volume":"48","author":"P Rasmont","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann la Soc Entomol Fr"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"10","article-title":"Factors influencing thermal tolerances of individual organisms","volume":"8","author":"VH Hutchison","year":"1976","journal-title":"Proc Therm Ecol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2935","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2007.0985","article-title":"Critical thermal limits depend on methodological context","volume":"274","author":"JS Terblanche","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0981(00)00299-9","article-title":"Upper thermal tolerances of the beachflea Orchestia gammarellus (Pallas) (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae) associated with hot springs in Iceland","volume":"255","author":"D Morritt","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Exp Mar Bio Ecol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32083","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032083","article-title":"Considerations for assessing maximum critical temperatures in small ectothermic animals: insights from leaf-cutting ants","volume":"7","author":"PL Ribeiro","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00696519","article-title":"Energetics of temperature regulation and foraging in a bumblebee,Bombus terricola kirby","volume":"77","author":"B Heinrich","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Comp Physiol"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0118591","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T11:53:50Z","timestamp":1651406030000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0118591"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Giancarlo","family":"L\u00f3pez-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,4]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0118591","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,4]]}}}