{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:40:31Z","timestamp":1791268831396,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,5]],"date-time":"2015-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,5]],"date-time":"2015-03-05T18:48:38Z","timestamp":1425581318000},"page":"e0118704","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Urinary Thrombin: A Novel Marker of Glomerular Inflammation for the Diagnosis of Crescentic Glomerulonephritis (Prospective Observational Study)"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Yasunori","family":"Kitamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Arizono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyoshi","family":"Fukui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimio","family":"Tomita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kitamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshio","family":"Taguma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahisa","family":"Imamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/15.10.1593","article-title":"Incidence and outcome of pauci-immune rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in Wessex, UK: a 10-year retrospective study","volume":"15","author":"N Hedger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"987","article-title":"Brenner & Rector\u2019s the kidney","author":"PH Nachman","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Reports of medical cases","volume":"Vol. 1","author":"R Bright","year":"1827","journal-title":"Gower [for] The Royal Society of Medicine, London"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"263","article-title":"Richard Bright at Guy\u2019s","volume":"107","author":"HC Cameron","year":"1958","journal-title":"Guys Hosp Rep."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197804132981507","article-title":"Molecular basis of proteinuria of glomerular origin","volume":"298","author":"BM Brenner","year":"1978","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2009.67","article-title":"ANCA-negative pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis","volume":"5","author":"M Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00843.x","article-title":"Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis","volume":"63","author":"JC Jennette","year":"2003","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S26","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181c98d21","article-title":"Inflammation and coagulation","volume":"38","author":"M Levi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12034","article-title":"Natural resolution of inflammation","volume":"63","author":"MO Freire","year":"2013","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"727","article-title":"Glomerulonephritis","volume":"Pt 2","author":"TH Mathew","year":"1972"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112112","article-title":"Macrophage-induced glomerular fibrin deposition in experimental glomerulonephritis in the rabbit","volume":"76","author":"SR Holdsworth","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"1736","article-title":"Glomerular tissue factor expression in crescentic glomerulonephritis. Correlations between antigen, activity and mRNA","volume":"147","author":"PG Tipping","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"156","article-title":"Procoagulant activity in glomeruli and urine of rabbits with nephrotoxic nephritis","volume":"53","author":"RC Wiggins","year":"1985","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113282","article-title":"Glomerular procoagulant activity in human proliferative glomerulonephritis","volume":"81","author":"PG Tipping","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"873","article-title":"Tissue factor initiates glomerular fibrin deposition and promotes major histocompatibility complex class II expression in crescentic glomerulonephritis","volume":"150","author":"JH Erlich","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.191.3.455","article-title":"Protease-activated receptor 1 mediates thrombin-dependent, cell-mediated renal inflammation in crescentic glomerulonephritis","volume":"191","author":"MA Cunningham","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"101","article-title":"Constitutive expression and modulation of the functional thrombin receptor in the human kidney","volume":"146","author":"Y Xu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6836310","article-title":"Monocyte chemotaxis: stimulation by specific exosite region in thrombin","volume":"220","author":"R Bar-Shavit","year":"1983","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1998.00169.x","article-title":"The role of thrombin in mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis","volume":"54","author":"Y Kitamoto","year":"1998","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1258\/000456304322880023","article-title":"Assessment of thrombin in the urine of glomerulonephritic patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay","volume":"41","author":"Y Kitamoto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.5414\/CNP64249","article-title":"Characteristics of acute glomerulonephritis associated with human parvovirus B19 infection","volume":"64","author":"N Ieiri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1006\/cimm.1993.1317","article-title":"Role of macrophage tissue factor in the development of the delayed hypersensitivity reaction in monkey skin","volume":"152","author":"T Imamura","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1646768","article-title":"Determination of human thrombin-antithrombin III complex in plasma with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay","volume":"59","author":"H Pelzer","year":"1988","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"37","article-title":"The clinical approach of plasma total and free hemoglobin measurements on hemodialysis patients","volume":"39","author":"T Abe","year":"1998","journal-title":"Wakayama Med Rep"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198806233182504","article-title":"Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies with specificity for myeloperoxidase in patients with systemic vasculitis and idiopathic necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis","volume":"318","author":"RJ Falk","year":"1988","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(90)90350-5","article-title":"An ELISA for the detection of anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ANCA)","volume":"127","author":"N Rasmussen","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.12.034","article-title":"Revised equations for estimated GFR from serum creatinine in Japan","volume":"53","author":"S Matsuo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"389","article-title":"Heptinstall\u2019s pathology of the kidney","volume":"Vol. 1","author":"FG Silva","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109973","article-title":"Clearance of thrombin from circulation in rabbits by high-affinity binding sites on endothelium. Possible role in the inactivation of thrombin by antithrombin III","volume":"66","author":"P Lollar","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1987.93","article-title":"Leukocyte analysis using monoclonal antibodies in human glomerulonephritis","volume":"31","author":"DH Hooke","year":"1987","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1159\/000187441","article-title":"Pattern of interleukins in minimal-change nephrotic syndrome of childhood","volume":"65","author":"S Saxena","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(12)80742-6","article-title":"Elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the nephrotic syndrome in humans","volume":"21","author":"MG Suranyi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1159\/000057602","article-title":"Prognosis of asymptomatic hematuria and\/or proteinuria in men","volume":"91","author":"K Yamagata","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-011-0430-4","article-title":"Japan Renal Biopsy Registry: the first nationwide, web-based, and prospective registry system of renal biopsies in Japan","volume":"15","author":"H Sugiyama","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Exp Nephrol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2008.00664.x","article-title":"Glucocorticoids reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines and tissue factor in vitro and improve function of transplanted human islets in vivo","volume":"21","author":"T Lund","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1084","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00597.2011","article-title":"Increased urinary excretion of nephrin, podocalyxin, and \u03b2ig-h3 in women with preeclampsia","volume":"302","author":"Y Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3311","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfm391","article-title":"Establishment of a sandwich ELISA for human megsin, a kidney-specific serine protease inhibitor","volume":"22","author":"R Inagi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(12)70293-7","article-title":"Influence of clinical and histological features on actuarial renal survival in adult patients with idiopathic IgA nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis: survey of the recent literature","volume":"20","author":"G D\u2019Amico","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0118704","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,21]],"date-time":"2019-08-21T18:02:20Z","timestamp":1566410540000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0118704"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Utpal","family":"Sen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,5]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0118704","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,5]]}}}