{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T06:11:12Z","timestamp":1788588672747,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,20]],"date-time":"2015-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1429488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0119077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,20]],"date-time":"2015-04-20T18:40:16Z","timestamp":1429555216000},"page":"e0119077","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Concerning Malaria in Pregnancy: Results from a Qualitative Study in Madang, Papua New Guinea"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Erin V. W.","family":"Andrew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Pell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angeline","family":"Angwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alma","family":"Auwun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Job","family":"Daniels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivo","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suparat","family":"Phuanukoonnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Pool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000221","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000221","article-title":"Quantifying the number of pregnancies at risk of malaria in 2007: a demographic study","volume":"7","author":"S Dellicour","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS medicine"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"WHO Malaria: High Risk Groups. Available: http:\/\/wwwwhoint\/malaria\/high_risk_groups\/en\/<\/ext-link>. Accessed: 2013 May 2."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(11)70339-5","article-title":"Adverse effects of falciparum and vivax malaria and the safety of antimalarial treatment in early pregnancy: a population-based study","volume":"12","author":"R McGready","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70022-1","article-title":"Malaria in pregnancy: pathogenesis and immunity","volume":"7","author":"SJ Rogerson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet infectious diseases"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)09247-2","article-title":"Effects of Plasmodium vivax malaria in pregnancy","volume":"354","author":"F Nosten","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-706X(94)90020-5","article-title":"Recognition, treatment seeking behaviour and perception of cause of malaria among rural women in Uganda","volume":"58","author":"JF Kengeya-Kayondo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2005.12.008","article-title":"The importance of understanding the local context: women's perceptions and knowledge concerning malaria in pregnancy in rural Malawi","volume":"98","author":"A Launiala","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07318-8","article-title":"Intermittent sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine to prevent severe anaemia secondary to malaria in pregnancy: a randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"353","author":"C Shulman","year":"1999","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1086\/315449","article-title":"The impact of placental malaria on gestational age and birth weight","volume":"181","author":"C Menendez","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of infectious diseases"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"World Health Organization: Papua New Guinea Country Profile","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"Government of Papua New Guinea. (June 2010) National Health Plan 2011\u20132020: Back to Basics Strengthened primary health care for all and improved service delivery for the rural majority and urban disadvantaged."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(03)00091-6","article-title":"The epidemiology of malaria in Papua New Guinea","volume":"19","author":"I M\u00fcller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends in Parasitology"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1986.35.3","article-title":"The epidemiology of malaria in a population surrounding Madang, Papua New Guinea","volume":"35","author":"J Cattani","year":"1986","journal-title":"The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1995.11812965","article-title":"The epidemiology of malaria in the Wosera area, East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea, in preparation for vaccine trials. I. Malariometric indices and immunity","volume":"89","author":"B Genton","year":"1995","journal-title":"Annals of tropical medicine and parasitology"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1995.11812966","article-title":"The epidemiology of malaria in the Wosera area, East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea, in preparation for vaccine trials. II. Mortality and morbidity","volume":"89","author":"B Genton","year":"1995","journal-title":"Annals of tropical medicine and parasitology"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1990.11812428","article-title":"Failure of chloroquine prophylaxis for falciparum malaria in pregnant women in Madang, Papua New Guinea","volume":"84","author":"B Brabin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Annals of tropical medicine and parasitology"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"12","article-title":"A review of the current state of malaria among pregnant women in Papua New Guinea","volume":"51","author":"I Mueller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Papua and New Guinea medical journal"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(11)70315-2","article-title":"Malaria in pregnancy in the Asia-Pacific region","volume":"12","author":"MJ Rijken","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":""Indifferent to disease": A qualitative investigation of the reasons why some Papua New Guineans who own mosquito nets choose not to use them","author":"J Pulford","year":"2012","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2009) WHO World Malaria Report, Papua New Guinea. Available: http:\/\/www.who.int\/malaria\/world_malaria_report_2009\/country_profiles\/mal2009_papuang_0035.pdf<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932000025190","article-title":"Lactation and birth spacing in highland New Guinea","volume":"17","author":"JW Wood","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Biosocial Science"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2011.08.002","article-title":"Research challenges and gaps in malaria knowledge in Papua New Guinea","volume":"121","author":"JW Kazura","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22452","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022452","article-title":"Social and Cultural Factors Affecting Uptake of Interventions for Malaria in Pregnancy in Africa: A Systematic Review of the Qualitative Research","volume":"6","author":"C Pell","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-9-268","article-title":"Seeking treatment for symptomatic malaria in Papua New Guinea","volume":"9","author":"C Davy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Malaria Journal"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-9-369","article-title":"Community response to intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in infants (IPTi) in Papua New Guinea","volume":"9","author":"C Pell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Malaria Journal"},{"key":"ref26","unstructured":"Heggenhougen K, Hackethal, V, Vivek P (2003) The behavioural and social aspects of malaria and its control: an introduction and annotated bibliography. Geneva, UNDP\/World Bank\/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), (TDR\/STR\/SEB\/VOL\/031)."},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"Primary Health Care: Knowledge Development and Application in Papua New Guinea","author":"C Davy","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F135","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.79.2.F135","article-title":"Causes of preterm delivery and intrauterine growth retardation in a malaria endemic region of Papua New Guinea","volume":"79","author":"SJ Allen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.75.597","article-title":"Placental malaria in women with South-East Asian ovalocytosis","volume":"75","author":"B Ariadna","year":"2006","journal-title":"The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2004.06.007","article-title":"Malaria in pregnancy and the endemicity spectrum: what can we learn?","volume":"20","author":"F Nosten","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends in parasitology"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Grounded theory in practice","author":"A Strauss","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(95)00293-6","article-title":"Local terminology for febrile illnesses in Bagamoyo District, Tanzania and its impact on the design of a community-based malaria control programme","volume":"42","author":"PJ Winch","year":"1996","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932005007108","article-title":"Treatment-seeking practices for malaria in pregnancy among rural women in Mukono District, Uganda","volume":"38","author":"AK Mbonye","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal Of Biosocial Science"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czj002","article-title":"Preventing malaria in pregnancy: a study of perceptions and policy implications in Mukono district, Uganda","volume":"21","author":"AK Mbonye","year":"2006","journal-title":"Health Policy And Planning"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-257","article-title":"Local illness concepts and their relevance for the prevention and control of malaria during pregnancy in Ghana, Kenya and Malawi: findings from a comparative qualitative study","volume":"12","author":"A Menaca","year":"2013","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(01)00179-4","article-title":"Medical syncretism with reference to malaria in a Tanzanian community","volume":"55","author":"S Hausmann Muela","year":"2002","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"Antenatal care in The Gambia: Missed opportunity for information, education and communication","volume":"8","author":"A Samuel","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.2307\/3583148","article-title":"Experiences of mothers with antenatal, delivery and postpartum care in rural Gambia","author":"ML Telfer","year":"2002","journal-title":"African Journal of Reproductive Health"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2005.12.008","article-title":"The importance of understanding the local context: Women's perceptions and knowledge concerning malaria in pregnancy in rural Malawi","volume":"98","author":"A Launiala","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2000.00611.x","article-title":"Maternity care in rural Nepal: a health service analysis","volume":"5","author":"A Jahn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine & International health"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-10-292","article-title":"Use of mefloquine in children\u2014a review of dosage, pharmacokinetics and tolerability data","volume":"10","author":"P Schlagenhauf","year":"2011","journal-title":"Malaria Journal"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2002.00919.x","article-title":"Barriers to prompt and effective treatment of malaria in northern Sri Lanka","volume":"7","author":"B Reilley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine and International Health"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"180","article-title":"The right to health: Overcoming inequalities and barriers to women's health in Papua New Guinea","volume":"33","author":"R Hinton","year":"2010","journal-title":"The right to health: Overcoming inequalities and barriers to women's health in Papua New Guinea"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"32","article-title":"The Anthropology of Medicine: From Culture to Method","author":"RL Welsch","year":"1983"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.5172\/hesr.2010.19.1.005","article-title":"'I worry so much I think it will kill me': Psychosocial health and the links to the conditions of women's lives in Papua New Guinea","volume":"19","author":"R Hinton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health Sociology Review"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8373.2011.01449.x","article-title":"Assessing women's understandings of health in rural Papua New Guinea: Implications for health policy and practice","volume":"52","author":"R Hinton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asia Pacific Viewpoint"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/13.1.94","article-title":"The use of formal and informal services for antenatal care and malaria treatment in rural Uganda","volume":"13","author":"R Ndyomugyenyi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Health Policy And Planning"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980007382554","article-title":"Factors that affect the adoption and maintenance of weekly vitamin A supplementation among women in Ghana","volume":"10","author":"Z Hill","year":"2007","journal-title":"Public Health Nutrition"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.4314\/ajbr.v8i1.35755","article-title":"Malaria prevention: Knowledge, attitude and practice in a southwestern Nigerian community","volume":"8","author":"W Erhun","year":"2006","journal-title":"African Journal of Biomedical Research"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.331.7519.737","article-title":"Healer shopping in Africa: new evidence from rural-urban qualitative study of Ghanaian diabetes experiences","volume":"331","author":"Ad-G Aikins","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"ref51","unstructured":"(2002) World Health Organization WHO antenatal care randomized trial: manual for the implementation of the new model."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04722-X","article-title":"WHO antenatal care randomised trial for the evaluation of a new model of routine antenatal care","volume":"357","author":"J Villar","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"ref53","first-page":"17","article-title":"National Department of Health","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2006.093641","article-title":"Indigenous ways of knowing: Implications for participatory research and community","volume":"98","author":"PA Cochran","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0119077","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]],"date-time":"2019-08-23T20:50:11Z","timestamp":1566593411000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0119077"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Takafumi","family":"Tsuboi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,20]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0119077","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,20]]}}}