{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T12:39:20Z","timestamp":1778762360213,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,24]],"date-time":"2015-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0119167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,24]],"date-time":"2015-03-24T20:12:52Z","timestamp":1427227972000},"page":"e0119167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Safety and Efficacy of At-Home Robotic Locomotion Therapy in Individuals with Chronic Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: A Prospective, Pre-Post Intervention, Proof-of-Concept Study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"drks00005587","registry":"10.18810\/drks"}],"author":[{"given":"R\u00fcdiger","family":"Rupp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Schlie\u00dfmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harry","family":"Plewa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Schuld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans J\u00fcrgen","family":"Gerner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Weidner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eberhard P.","family":"Hofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Knestel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2012.04.032","article-title":"Locomotor training: as a treatment of spinal cord injury and in the progression of neurologic rehabilitation","volume":"93","author":"SJ Harkema","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410370506","article-title":"Locomotor capacity of spinal cord in paraplegic patients","volume":"37","author":"V Dietz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"Schmidt RA, Lee TD. Motor Control and Learning; A Behavioral Emphasis. 4th Edition ed. Champaign, Illinois, USA Human Kinetics; 2005."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(06)57017-7","article-title":"The education and re-education of the spinal cord","volume":"157","author":"JR Wolpaw","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(75)90401-1","article-title":"How detailed is the central pattern generation for locomotion","volume":"88","author":"S Grillner","year":"1975","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.62.1.723","article-title":"Neural adaptation in the generation of rhythmic behavior","volume":"62","author":"KG Pearson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09062.x","article-title":"Evidence for a spinal central pattern generator in humans","volume":"860","author":"MR Dimitrijevic","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"9781","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60547-3","article-title":"Effect of epidural stimulation of the lumbosacral spinal cord on voluntary movement, standing, and assisted stepping after motor complete paraplegia: a case study","volume":"377","author":"S Harkema","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00891.2006","article-title":"Loading the limb during rhythmic leg movements lengthens the duration of both flexion and extension in human infants","volume":"97","author":"KE Musselman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of neurophysiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.90532.2008","article-title":"Interlimb coordination in rhythmic leg movements: spontaneous and training-induced manifestations in human infants","volume":"100","author":"KE Musselman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of neurophysiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2007.09.002","article-title":"Training locomotor networks","volume":"57","author":"VR Edgerton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-061010-113746","article-title":"Recovery of locomotion after spinal cord injury: some facts and mechanisms","volume":"34","author":"S Rossignol","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2010.1660","article-title":"Role of spared pathways in locomotor recovery after body-weight-supported treadmill training in contused rats","volume":"28","author":"A Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2006.01651.x","article-title":"Spinal control of locomotion\u2014from cat to man","volume":"189","author":"H Hultborn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Physiol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wco.0000200544.29915.cc","article-title":"Motor learning: its relevance to stroke recovery and neurorehabilitation","volume":"19","author":"JW Krakauer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1179\/2045772312Y.0000000036","article-title":"Training to achieve over ground walking after spinal cord injury: A review of who, what, when, and how","volume":"35","author":"JF Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410380621","article-title":"Locomotor training in paraplegic patients","volume":"38","author":"V Dietz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref18","first-page":"183","article-title":"Modulation of locomotor-like EMG activity in subjects with complete and incomplete spinal cord injury","volume":"9","author":"BH Dobkin","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurol Rehabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.1992.61","article-title":"Laufband locomotion with body weight support improved walking in persons with severe spinal cord injuries","volume":"30","author":"A Wernig","year":"1992","journal-title":"Paraplegia"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101154","article-title":"Driven gait orthosis for improvement of locomotor training in paraplegic patients","volume":"39","author":"G Colombo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1177\/154596830101500106","article-title":"An electromechanical gait trainer for restoration of gait in hemiparetic stroke patients: preliminary results","volume":"15","author":"S Hesse","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968312439687","article-title":"Should body weight-supported treadmill training and robotic-assistive steppers for locomotor training trot back to the starting gate","volume":"26","author":"BH Dobkin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000202600.72018.39","article-title":"Weight-supported treadmill vs over-ground training for walking after acute incomplete SCI","volume":"66","author":"B Dobkin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"NSCISC. The 2006 Annual Statistical Report for the Model Spinal Cord Injury Care System: National SCI Statistical Center; 2006. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.uab.edu\/NSCISC\" xlink:type=\"simple\">www.uab.edu\/NSCISC<\/ext-link>. Accessed 31 January 2015."},{"issue":"5","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101710","article-title":"Long-term body-weight-supported treadmill training and subsequent follow-up in persons with chronic SCI: effects on functional walking ability and measures of subjective well-being","volume":"43","author":"AL Hicks","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.08.004","article-title":"Effectiveness of automated locomotor training in patients with chronic incomplete spinal cord injury: a multicenter trial","volume":"86","author":"M Wirz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rupp R, Plewa H, Hofer EP, Knestel M. MotionTherapy@Home\u2014a robotic device for automated locomotion therapy at home,. IEEE 11th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics\u2014ICORR; Kyoto, Japan2009. p. 395\u2013400.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICORR.2009.5209497"},{"issue":"Pt 12","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2626","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf273","article-title":"Locomotor activity in spinal man: significance of afferent input from joint and load receptors","volume":"125","author":"V Dietz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)01104-7","article-title":"Voluntary neuromuscular activation is enhanced when paired with a mechanical stimulus to human plantar soles","volume":"334","author":"CS Layne","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-012-0333-8","article-title":"Augmented visual, auditory, haptic, and multimodal feedback in motor learning: a review","volume":"20","author":"R Sigrist","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychon Bull Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1515\/bmt.2010.051","article-title":"MotionTherapy@Home\u2014First results of a clinical study with a novel robotic device for automated locomotion therapy at home","volume":"56","author":"R Rupp","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomed Tech (Berl)"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1179\/204577211X13207446293695","article-title":"International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury (revised 2011)","volume":"34","author":"SC Kirshblum","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101223","article-title":"Walking index for spinal cord injury (WISCI II): scale revision","volume":"39","author":"PL Dittuno","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref34","first-page":"52","article-title":"Motorisches Training f\u00fcr inkomplett Querschnittgel\u00e4hmte","volume":"27","author":"R Rupp","year":"2009","journal-title":"Paraplegiker"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"773","article-title":"The Artificial Muscle as an Innovative Actuator in Rehabilitation Robotics","author":"M Knestel","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"175","article-title":"Model-Based Feedback Control of a Rehabilitation Robot","author":"M Knestel","year":"2008"},{"issue":"8 Suppl","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.12.017","article-title":"Small sample research designs for evidence-based rehabilitation: issues and methods","volume":"93","author":"JE Graham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e3181c560eb","article-title":"Walking index for spinal cord injury version 2 (WISCI-II) with repeatability of the 10-m walk time: Inter- and intrarater reliabilities","volume":"89","author":"RJ Marino","year":"2010","journal-title":"American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation \/ Association of Academic Physiatrists"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.02.010","article-title":"Assessing walking ability in subjects with spinal cord injury: validity and reliability of 3 walking tests","volume":"86","author":"HJ van Hedel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101853","article-title":"Improving walking assessment in subjects with an incomplete spinal cord injury: responsiveness","volume":"44","author":"HJ van Hedel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1179\/107902611X13186000420242","article-title":"Reference for the 2011 revision of the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury","volume":"34","author":"SC Kirshblum","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2012.149","article-title":"Effect of formal training in scaling, scoring and classification of the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury","volume":"51","author":"C Schuld","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2011.2085","article-title":"Computer implementation of the international standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury for consistent and efficient derivation of its subscores including handling of data from not testable segments","volume":"29","author":"C Schuld","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-200203000-00008","article-title":"Clinical measurement of muscle tone using a velocity-corrected modified Ashworth scale","volume":"81","author":"AW Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation \/ Association of Academic Physiatrists"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1080\/10400435.2000.10132015","article-title":"Item analysis of the Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology (QUEST)","volume":"12","author":"L Demers","year":"2000","journal-title":"Assistive technology: the official journal of RESNA"},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","author":"Y Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B (Methodological)"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"89","article-title":"Pressure sores: classification and management","volume":"112","author":"JD Shea","year":"1975","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2008.0760","article-title":"Conversion in ASIA impairment scale during the first year after traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"26","author":"MR Spiess","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"ref50","unstructured":"Hofer EP, Knestel M, Rupp R, Vosseler M.Device for moving limbs. European Patent No. EP000001959909A1. 2008."},{"issue":"2","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.3109\/17518420903321767","article-title":"Safety of robotic-assisted treadmill therapy in children and adolescents with gait impairment: a bi-centre survey","volume":"13","author":"I Borggraefe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Developmental neurorehabilitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968310376756","article-title":"The reproducibility and convergent validity of the walking index for spinal cord injury (WISCI) in chronic spinal cord injury","volume":"25","author":"AS Burns","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morawietz C, Moffat F. Effects of Locomotor Training After Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2013.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.06.023"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"CD006676","article-title":"Locomotor training for walking after spinal cord injury","volume":"11","author":"J Mehrholz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.01.024","article-title":"Balance and ambulation improvements in individuals with chronic incomplete spinal cord injury using locomotor training-based rehabilitation","volume":"93","author":"SJ Harkema","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/80.7.688","article-title":"Locomotor training after human spinal cord injury: a series of case studies","volume":"80","author":"AL Behrman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.23752","article-title":"Combined use of body weight support, functional electric stimulation, and treadmill training to improve walking ability in individuals with chronic incomplete spinal cord injury","volume":"82","author":"EC Field-Fote","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2009.107","article-title":"Modified Ashworth scale reliability for measurement of lower extremity spasticity among patients with SCI","volume":"48","author":"BC Craven","year":"2010","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3102132","article-title":"Comparison of gait performance on different environmental settings for patients with chronic spinal cord injury","volume":"46","author":"LE Olmos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126999","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,20]],"date-time":"2015-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1429488000000}}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0119167","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]],"date-time":"2020-08-31T04:20:26Z","timestamp":1598847626000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0119167"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Felix","family":"Schlachetzki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,24]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0119167","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126999","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,24]]}}}