{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T18:36:39Z","timestamp":1789151799320,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,13]],"date-time":"2015-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1426204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0119326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,13]],"date-time":"2015-03-13T18:07:21Z","timestamp":1426270041000},"page":"e0119326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Schistosoma haematobium Infection and CD4+ T-Cell Levels: A Cross-Sectional Study of Young South African Women"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Kleppa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kari F.","family":"Klinge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hashini Nilushika","family":"Galaphaththi-Arachchige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigve D.","family":"Holmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristine","family":"Lilleb\u00f8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Onsrud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svein Gunnar","family":"Gundersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myra","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Ndhlovu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eyrun F.","family":"Kjetland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"519","article-title":"Below the belt: new insights into potential complications of HIV-1\/schistosome coinfections","volume":"20","author":"WE Secor","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"311","article-title":"Simple clinical manifestations of genital Schistosoma haematobium infection in rural Zimbabwean women","volume":"72","author":"EF Kjetland","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"593","article-title":"Association between genital schistosomiasis and HIV in rural Zimbabwean women","volume":"20","author":"EF Kjetland","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"364","article-title":"Urogenital schistosomiasis in women of reproductive age in Tanzania\u2019s Lake Victoria region","volume":"84","author":"JA Downs","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"HIV and Schistosoma haematobium prevalences correlate in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"18","author":"ML Ndeffo Mbah","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"254","article-title":"The effects of schistosomiasis on HIV\/AIDS infection, progression and transmission","volume":"7","author":"WE Secor","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"1","article-title":"AIDS in Africa: the impact of coinfections on the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection","volume":"48","author":"SD Lawn","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"CD006419","article-title":"Treatment of helminth co-infection in HIV-1 infected individuals in resource-limited settings","author":"J Walson","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61949-2","article-title":"Human schistosomiasis","author":"DG Colley","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"1881","article-title":"Persistent immune activation in HIV-1 infection is associated with progression to AIDS","volume":"17","author":"MD Hazenberg","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"58","article-title":"A review of female genital schistosomiasis","volume":"28","author":"EF Kjetland","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"1781","article-title":"Schistosomiasis and HIV in rural Zimbabwe: efficacy of treatment of schistosomiasis in individuals with HIV coinfection","volume":"42","author":"P Kallestrup","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"1311","article-title":"Schistosomiasis and HIV-1 infection in rural Zimbabwe: implications of coinfection for excretion of eggs","volume":"191","author":"P Kallestrup","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"420","article-title":"Interactions between Schistosoma haematobium and human immunodeficiency virus type 1: the effects of coinfection on treatment outcomes in rural Zambia","volume":"69","author":"V Mwanakasale","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"515","article-title":"Studies on schistosomiasis in western Kenya: I. Evidence for immune-facilitated excretion of schistosome eggs from patients with Schistosoma mansoni and human immunodeficiency virus coinfections","volume":"56","author":"DM Karanja","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"The 2011 National Antenatal Sentinel HIV & Syphilis Prevalence Survey in South Africa.; 2011."},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"620","article-title":"Prevalence of HIV, HSV-2 and pregnancy among high school students in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a bio-behavioural cross-sectional survey","volume":"90","author":"Q Abdool Karim","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"667","article-title":"Circadian varation of ova secretion, proteinuria, hematuria and leukocyturia in urinary schistosomiasis","volume":"27","author":"E Doehring","year":"1985"},{"key":"ref19"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"e2104","article-title":"S. haematobium as a common cause of genital morbidity in girls: a cross-sectional study of children in South Africa","volume":"7","author":"IEA Hegertun","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"1956","article-title":"Schistosomiasis and HIV-1 infection in rural Zimbabwe: effect of treatment of schistosomiasis on CD4 cell count and plasma HIV-1 RNA load","volume":"192","author":"P Kallestrup","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"1648","article-title":"Treatment of Schistosoma mansoni infection increases helminth-specific type 2 cytokine responses and HIV-1 viral loads in coinfected Ugandan adults","volume":"191","author":"M Brown","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"1869","article-title":"Helminth infection is not associated with faster progression of HIV disease in coinfected adults in Uganda","volume":"190","author":"M Brown","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"414","article-title":"Decreased CD4 and increased CD8 counts with T cell activation is associated with chronic helminth infection","volume":"114","author":"A Kalinkovich","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"56","article-title":"Treatment of intestinal worms is associated with decreased HIV plasma viral load","volume":"31","author":"D Wolday","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"127","article-title":"Determinants of CD4 counts among HIV-negative Ethiopians: role of body mass index, gender, cigarette smoking, khat (Catha Edulis) chewing, and possibly altitude?","volume":"25","author":"C Abuye","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"CD006419","article-title":"Deworming helminth co-infected individuals for delaying HIV disease progression","author":"JL Walson","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"1546","article-title":"Species-specific treatment effects of helminth\/HIV-1 co-infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"138","author":"LR Sangar\u00e9","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"57","article-title":"Syphilis co-infection does not affect HIV disease progression","volume":"21","author":"AC Weintrob","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"149","article-title":"Repeatability and reproducibility of egg counts of Schistosoma haematobium in urine","volume":"43","author":"RA Braun-Munzinger","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"69","article-title":"Immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis by determination of the circulating antigens CAA and CCA, in particular in individuals with recent or light infections","volume":"77","author":"L Van Lieshout","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"733","article-title":"Immune regulation by helminth parasites: cellular and molecular mechanisms","volume":"3","author":"RM Maizels","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"1012","article-title":"Chronic immune activation associated with chronic helminthic and human immunodeficiency virus infections: role of hyporesponsiveness and anergy","volume":"17","author":"G Borkow","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"1060","article-title":"HIV target cells in Schistosoma haematobium-infected female genital mucosa","volume":"85","author":"PM Jourdan","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"e98593","article-title":"Effect of Female Genital Schistosomiasis and Anti-Schistosomal Treatment on Monocytes, CD4+ T-Cells and CCR5 Expression in the Female Genital Tract","volume":"9","author":"E Kleppa","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"472","article-title":"Proportions of CD4+ memory T cells are altered in individuals chronically infected with Schistosoma haematobium","volume":"2","author":"N Nausch","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"155","article-title":"Intestinal parasitic infections in relation to HIV\/AIDS status, diarrhea and CD4 T-cell count","volume":"9","author":"S Assefa","year":"2009"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0119326","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]],"date-time":"2018-10-24T01:50:20Z","timestamp":1540345820000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0119326"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Clive","family":"Shiff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,13]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0119326","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,13]]}}}