{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T22:41:15Z","timestamp":1787956875819,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,25]],"date-time":"2015-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120907","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,25]],"date-time":"2015-03-25T14:06:12Z","timestamp":1427292372000},"page":"e0120907","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Differential Effects of Epidural Analgesia on Modes of Delivery and Perinatal Outcomes between Nulliparous and Multiparous Women: A Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Tai-Ho","family":"Hung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T\u2019sang-T\u2019ang","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hung-Pin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"CD009234","article-title":"Pain management for women in labour: an overview of systematic reviews","volume":"3","author":"L Jones","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050802040864","article-title":"The effect of epidural analgesia on labor progress and outcome in nulliparous women","volume":"21","author":"HP O'Hana","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/jmf.16.2.115.118","article-title":"Labor course and delivery in epidural analgesia: a case-control study","volume":"16","author":"L Decca","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38097.590810.7C","article-title":"Rates of caesarean section and instrumental vaginal delivery in nulliparous women after low concentration epidural infusions or opioid analgesia: systematic review","volume":"328","author":"EH Liu","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0b013e3283385492","article-title":"Effect of labor analgesia on labor outcome","volume":"23","author":"SH Halpern","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"CD000331","article-title":"Epidural versus non-epidural or no analgesia in labour","author":"M Anim-Somuah","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-012-1480-9","article-title":"Effects of epidural analgesia on labor length, instrumental delivery, and neonatal short-term outcome","volume":"27","author":"J Hasegawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Anesth"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84S","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000447412.62293.82","article-title":"Length of the second stage of labor: what is the effect of an epidural?","volume":"123","author":"T Worstell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-009-0515-9","article-title":"Epidural analgesia and risks of cesarean and operative vaginal deliveries in nulliparous and multiparous women","volume":"14","author":"US Nguyen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-536X.2011.00486.x","article-title":"Mode of delivery after epidural analgesia in a cohort of low-risk nulliparas","volume":"38","author":"LM Eriksen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Birth"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"310","article-title":"Effect of epidural analgesia on labor times and mode of delivery: a prospective study","volume":"39","author":"U Indraccolo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2005.10.030","article-title":"Use of epidural analgesia and its relation to caesarean and instrumental deliveries-a population\u2014based study of 94,217 primiparae","volume":"128","author":"SL Eriksson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340902763236","article-title":"The need for epidural analgesia is related to birthweight\u2014a population-based register study","volume":"88","author":"C Ekeus","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"579","article-title":"Factors associated with the use of intrapartum epidural analgesia","volume":"84","author":"WJ Hueston","year":"1994","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3182952242","article-title":"Primary cesarean delivery in the United States","volume":"122","author":"A Boyle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2013.03.033","article-title":"Risk factors and perinatal outcomes associated with idiopathic small for gestational age Taiwanese newborns","volume":"122","author":"TH Hung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"395","article-title":"Timing of initiating epidural analgesia and mode of delivery in nulliparas: a retrospective experience using ropivacaine","volume":"31","author":"HL Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chang Gung Med J"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.08.022","article-title":"Advanced maternal age and adverse perinatal outcomes in an Asian population","volume":"148","author":"TT Hsieh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"35","article-title":"The clinical significance of pain and cognitive activity in latent labor","volume":"73","author":"M Wuitchik","year":"1989","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-2243(86)90083-3","article-title":"Lumbar epidural analgesia in hypertensive patients during labour","volume":"22","author":"A Neri","year":"1986","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03079.x","article-title":"Early versus late epidural analgesia and risk of instrumental delivery in nulliparous women: a systematic review","volume":"118","author":"MM Wassen","year":"2011","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2012.06.006","article-title":"Maternal characteristics and satisfaction associated with intrapartum epidural analgesia use in Canadian women","volume":"21","author":"J Koteles","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200001000-00024","article-title":"Predictors of recommendation and acceptance of intrapartum epidural analgesia","volume":"90","author":"E Sheiner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0120907","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T21:36:09Z","timestamp":1540330569000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0120907"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Alexander G","family":"Obukhov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,25]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0120907","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,25]]}}}