{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T06:48:15Z","timestamp":1789195695909,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,13]],"date-time":"2015-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1428883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,15]],"date-time":"2015-04-15T18:43:46Z","timestamp":1429123426000},"page":"e0122307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Landscape Genetics of Schistocephalus solidus Parasites in Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from Alaska"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"C. Grace","family":"Sprehn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Blum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas P.","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Heins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(03)00223-4","article-title":"Parasite local adaptation: Red Queen versus Suicide King","volume":"18","author":"MF Dybdahl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Ecol Evol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-0348-8880-6_10","article-title":"Evolution and ecological correlates of uniparental and biparental reproduction in freshwater snails","volume":"82","author":"SG Johnson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Evol Ecol Freshw Anim"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"2264","article-title":"The geography of coevolution: comparative population structures for a snail and its trematode parasite","volume":"50","author":"MF Dybdahl","year":"1996","journal-title":"Evolution (N Y)"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182001007715","article-title":"Genetic structure in natural populations of flukes and snails: a practical approach and review","volume":"123","author":"P Jarne","year":"2001","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1420-9101.2002.00402.x","article-title":"Local adaptation, evolutionary potential and host-parasite coevolution: interactions between migration, mutation, population size and generation time","volume":"15","author":"S Gandon","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Evol Biol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(98)01585-7","article-title":"Landscape approaches to historical and contemporary gene flow in plants","volume":"14","author":"V Sork","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trends Ecol Evol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0007","article-title":"Can gene flow have negative demographic consequences? Mixed evidence from stream threespine stickleback","volume":"364","author":"J-S Moore","year":"2009","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc London"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Evolutionary Biology of Parasites","author":"PW Price","year":"1980"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/141.3.1007","article-title":"Host movement and the genetic structure of populations of parasitic nematodes","volume":"141","author":"MS Blouin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.2307\/3283821","article-title":"Microevolution and the genetic structure of parasite populations","volume":"81","author":"SA Nadler","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"198","article-title":"Life Cycles Shape Parasite Evolution: Comparative Population Genetics of Salmon Trematodes","volume":"58","author":"CD Criscione","year":"2004","journal-title":"Evolution (N Y)"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/32.1.1","article-title":"Contact zones and the genetics of differentiation in the Pocket Gopher <italic>Thomomys Bottae<\/italic> (Rodentia: Geomyidae)","volume":"32","author":"JC Hafner","year":"1983","journal-title":"Syst Biol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2559","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2004.2930","article-title":"A parasite reveals cryptic phylogeographic history of its host","volume":"271","author":"C Nieberding","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Biol Sci"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.1986.88","article-title":"Electrophoretically detectable protein variation in natural populations of the lone star tick, <italic>Amblyomma americanum<\/italic> (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume":"57","author":"LR Hilburn","year":"1986","journal-title":"Heredity (Edinb)"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.1986.94","article-title":"Are tick populations really less variable and should they be?","volume":"57","author":"LR Hilburn","year":"1986","journal-title":"Heredity (Edinb)"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Introduction to Animal Parasitology","author":"JD Smyth","year":"1962"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2008.06.017","article-title":"Life history determines genetic structure and evolutionary potential of host-parasite interactions","volume":"23","author":"LG Barrett","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Ecol Evol"},{"issue":"80-","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3576198","article-title":"Gene flow and the geographic structure of natural populations","volume":"236","author":"M Slatkin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(03)00008-9","article-title":"Landscape genetics: combining landscape ecology and population genetics","volume":"18","author":"S Manel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Ecol Evol"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"296","article-title":"Dispersal in a parasitic worm and its two hosts: consequence for local adaptation","volume":"59","author":"F Prugnolle","year":"2005","journal-title":"Evolution (N Y)"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2010.08.013","article-title":"Is the population genetic structure of complex life cycle parasites determined by the geographic range of the most motile host?","volume":"10","author":"K-R Louhi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2011.05374.x","article-title":"Swimming against the current: genetic structure, host mobility and the drift paradox in trematode parasites","volume":"21","author":"I Blasco-Costa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1163\/156853908792451412","article-title":"The stickleback\u2013<italic>Schistocephalus<\/italic> host\u2013parasite system as a model for understanding the effect of a macroparasite on host reproduction","volume":"145","author":"DC Heins","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behaviour"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009991466","article-title":"The three-spined stickleback-<italic>Schistocephalus solidus<\/italic> system: an experimental model for investigating host-parasite interactions in fish","volume":"137","author":"I Barber","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"341","article-title":"Sympatry between threespine <italic>Gasterosteus aculeatus<\/italic> and ninespine <italic>Pungitius pungitius<\/italic> sticklebacks in English lowland streams","volume":"40","author":"GH Copp","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Zool Fennici"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022505","article-title":"Distinct lineages of <italic>Schistocephalus<\/italic> parasites in threespine and ninespine stickleback hosts revealed by DNA sequence analysis","volume":"6","author":"N Nishimura","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"10","article-title":"Notes on the life cycle of <italic>Schistocephalus<\/italic> sp., a tapeworm from gulls","volume":"33","author":"LJ Thomas","year":"1947","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000079920","article-title":"Frequency distributions of parasites in a population of three-spined sticklebacks, <italic>Gasterosteus aculeatus<\/italic> L., with particular reference to the negative binomial distribution","volume":"63","author":"L Pennycuick","year":"1971","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.2010.01486.x","article-title":"Evolutionary significance of fecundity reduction in threespine stickleback infected by the diphyllobothriidean cestode <italic>Schistocephalus solidus<\/italic>","volume":"100","author":"DC Heins","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol J Linn Soc"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000071687","article-title":"Host specificity in <italic>Schistocephalus solidus<\/italic>","volume":"56","author":"T Br\u00e5ten","year":"1966","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182097001406","article-title":"The infectivity, growth, and virulence of the cestode <italic>Schistocephalus solidus<\/italic> in its first intermediate host, the copepod <italic>Macrocyclops albidus<\/italic>","volume":"115","author":"C Wedekind","year":"1997","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"The Evolutionary Biology of the Threespine Stickleback","author":"MA Bell","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1163\/1568539X-00003115","article-title":"Site fidelity and localised homing behaviour in three-spined sticklebacks (<italic>Gasterosteus aculeatus<\/italic>)","volume":"150","author":"AJW Ward","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behaviour"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"575","article-title":"Effects of colonization history and landscape structure on genetic variation within and among threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) populations in a single watershed","volume":"10","author":"EJ Caldera","year":"2008","journal-title":"Evol Ecol Res"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"2319","article-title":"How much of the variation in adaptive divergence can be explained by gene flow? An evaluation using lake-stream stickleback pairs","volume":"58","author":"AP Hendry","year":"2004","journal-title":"Evolution (N Y)"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1675\/1524-4695(2002)025[0449:UOSTTI]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Use of satellite telemetry to identify common loon migration routes, staging areas and wintering range","volume":"25","author":"KP Kenow","year":"2002","journal-title":"Waterbirds"},{"key":"ref37","unstructured":"Ruggles AK (1991) Habitat selection by common loons (Gavia immer) in the Matanuska-Susitna Valley, Alaska University of Alaska Fairbanks. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/tulaneuniversity5461.worldcat.org\/title\/habitat-selection-by-common-loons-gavia-immer-in-the-matanuska-susitna-valley-alaska\/oclc\/31105946\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/tulaneuniversity5461.worldcat.org\/title\/habitat-selection-by-common-loons-gavia-immer-in-the-matanuska-susitna-valley-alaska\/oclc\/31105946<\/ext-link>. Accessed 30 April 2014."},{"key":"ref38","unstructured":"Humple DL (2009) Genetic structure and demographic impacts of oil spills in Western and Clark\u2019s Grebes Sonoma State University, California."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s13127-011-0052-4","article-title":"Multilocus population analysis of Gavia immer (Aves: Gaviidae) mtDNA reveals low genetic diversity and lack of differentiation across the species breeding range","volume":"11","author":"C Bartolom\u00e9","year":"2011","journal-title":"Org Divers Evol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.2307\/3802124","article-title":"Local movements of color-marked common loons","volume":"61","author":"WH Piper","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Wildl Manage"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1511\/2011.90.220","article-title":"Marking loons, making progress","volume":"99","author":"W Piper","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am Sci"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00023169","article-title":"Aspects of Common Loon (<italic>Gavia immer<\/italic>) feeding biology on its breeding ground","volume":"321","author":"JF Barr","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2537","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts460","article-title":"GenAlEx 6.5: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research\u2014an update","volume":"28","author":"R Peakall","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0998.2010.02847.x","article-title":"Arlequin suite ver 3.5: a new series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux and Windows","volume":"10","author":"L Excoffier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Ecol Resour"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp187","article-title":"DnaSP v5: a software for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymorphism data","volume":"25","author":"P Librado","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref46","unstructured":"Fluxus Engineering (n.d.). Available: flexus-engineering.com."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6377(02)00185-2","article-title":"On Steiner trees and minimum spanning trees in hypergraphs","volume":"31","author":"T Polzin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oper Res Lett"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-294x.2000.01073-5.x","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from the tapeworm <italic>Schistocephalus solidus<\/italic>","volume":"9","author":"T Binz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-8286.2003.00351.x","article-title":"Microsatellite analyser (MSA): a platform independent analysis tool for large microsatellite data sets","volume":"3","author":"D Dieringer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Ecol Notes"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-8286.2007.01931.x","article-title":"genepop\u2019007: a complete re-implementation of the genepop software for Windows and Linux","volume":"8","author":"F Rousset","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Ecol Resour"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/155.2.945","article-title":"Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data","volume":"155","author":"JK Pritchard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"350","article-title":"Tangled Trees: Phylogeny, Cospeciation, and Coevolution","author":"MS Hafner","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2005.02587.x","article-title":"Molecular ecology of parasites: elucidating ecological and microevolutionary processes","volume":"14","author":"CD Criscione","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1139\/f04-069","article-title":"Population genetic differentiation of sea lice (<italic>Lepeophtheirus salmonis<\/italic>) parasitic on Atlantic and Pacific salmonids: analyses of microsatellite DNA variation among wild and farmed hosts","volume":"61","author":"CD Todd","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can J Fish Aquat Sci"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182099004722","article-title":"Host-parasite population genetics: a cross-sectional comparison of <italic>Bulinus globosus<\/italic> and <italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/italic>","volume":"119","author":"CM Davies","year":"1999","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0633.2011.00525.x","article-title":"Genetic estimates of population structure and dispersal in a benthic stream fish","volume":"21","author":"B a. Lamphere","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ecol Freshw Fish"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.03.008","article-title":"Geography and host specificity: two forces behind the genetic structure of the freshwater fish parasite Ligula intestinalis (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae)","volume":"38","author":"W Bouzid","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X00025906","article-title":"Enzyme analyses of natural populations of Schistocephalus solidus and Ligula intestinalis","volume":"59","author":"DP McManus","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Helminthol"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"470","article-title":"Unusual population genetics of a parasitic nematode: mtDNA variation within and among populations","volume":"56","author":"MS Blouin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Evolution (N Y)"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.5962\/p.347128","article-title":"Observations of loons (<italic>Gavia immer<\/italic> and <italic>G<\/italic>. <italic>stellata<\/italic>) at a bog lake on the Queen Charlotte Islands","volume":"94","author":"TE Reimchen","year":"1980","journal-title":"Can Field-Naturalist"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"553","article-title":"Minimal Selfing, Few Clones, and No Among-Host Genetic Structure in a Hermaphroditic Parasite with Asexual Larval Popagation","volume":"60","author":"CD Criscione","year":"2006","journal-title":"Evolution (N Y)"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2008153439","article-title":"Parasite co-structure: broad and local scale approaches","volume":"15","author":"CD Criscione","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118201000048X","article-title":"Host mortality and variability in epizootics of Schistocephalus solidus infecting the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus","volume":"137","author":"DC Heins","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-33","article-title":"Hybridization between two cestode species and its consequences for intermediate host range","volume":"6","author":"T Henrich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2013.10.019","article-title":"In vitro leukocyte response of three-spined sticklebacks (<italic>Gasterosteus aculeatus<\/italic>) to helminth parasite antigens","volume":"36","author":"F Franke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2012.01791.x","article-title":"Divergent selection on locally adapted major histocompatibility complex immune genes experimentally proven in the field","volume":"15","author":"C Eizaguirre","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ecol Lett"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2699.2004.01078.x","article-title":"The distribution of divergent mitochondrial DNA lineages of threespine stickleback (<italic>Gasterosteus aculeatus<\/italic>) in the northeastern Pacific Basin: post-glacial dispersal and lake accessibility","volume":"31","author":"LS Johnson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biogeogr"},{"key":"ref68","first-page":"608","article-title":"Global survey of mitochondrial DNA sequences in the threespine stickleback: evidence for recent migrations","volume":"48","author":"G Orti","year":"1994","journal-title":"Evolution (N Y)"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2007.01028.x","article-title":"A synthesis of experimental work on parasite local adaptation","volume":"10","author":"M a Greischar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ecol Lett"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0122307","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]],"date-time":"2024-06-08T12:05:32Z","timestamp":1717848332000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0122307"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Britton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,13]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0122307","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,13]]}}}