{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T06:31:36Z","timestamp":1781850696876,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,15]],"date-time":"2015-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1431648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,15]],"date-time":"2015-05-15T18:00:04Z","timestamp":1431712804000},"page":"e0126601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Contributions of T Lymphocyte Abnormalities to Therapeutic Outcomes in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Zhenhua","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guohua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xifeng","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dajiang","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfeng","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S68","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2013.03.012","article-title":"Innate and adaptive immunity in immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"50","author":"AH Lazarus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Hematol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra010501","article-title":"Immune thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"346","author":"DB Cines","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1097\/MOH.0b013e32833eaef3","article-title":"Recent progress in understanding the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"17","author":"JW Semple","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Hematol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4307","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-02-267435","article-title":"Contributions of TRAIL-mediated megakaryocyte apoptosis to impaired megakaryocyte and platelet production in immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"116","author":"L Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.05.007","article-title":"Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and dysmegakaryocytopoiesis","volume":"64","author":"L Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-8722-6-28","article-title":"The serum levels of the cytokines involved in the Th17 and Th1 cell commitment are increased in individuals with borderline thrombocytopenia","volume":"6","author":"AM Rocha","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S63","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2013.03.011","article-title":"Immune dysregulation in immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"50","author":"K Yazdanbakhsh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Hematol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2006.09.008","article-title":"Reduced CD4+CD25+ T cells in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"120","author":"M Sakakura","year":"2007","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-01-135335","article-title":"Defective circulating CD25 regulatory T cells in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"112","author":"J Yu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1038\/nm921","article-title":"T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity toward platelets in chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"9","author":"B Olsson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2005.00622.x","article-title":"Cell-mediated lysis of autologous platelets in chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"76","author":"F Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.12889.","article-title":"Increased cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity predominant in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura without platelet autoantibodies","volume":"93","author":"C Zhao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-09-244772","article-title":"A murine model of severe immune thrombocytopenia is induced by antibody- and CD8+ T cell-mediated responses that are differentially sensitive to therapy","volume":"115","author":"L Chow","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.2830370409","article-title":"Suppressed natural killer cell activity in patients with chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"37","author":"JW Semple","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12279","article-title":"Alterations in immune cell subsets and their cytokine secretion profile in childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)","volume":"176","author":"RM Talaat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2013.1386","article-title":"Elevated NKT cell levels in adults with severe chronic immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"7","author":"R Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2003.04547.x","article-title":"Northern Region Haematology Group. Clinically significant newly presenting autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura in adults: a prospective study of a population-based cohort of 245 patients","volume":"122","author":"AJ Neylon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2006.02147.x","article-title":"Prevalence of immune thrombocytopenia: analyses of administrative data","volume":"4","author":"JB Segal","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2549","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V97.9.2549","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality in adults with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"97","author":"JE Portielje","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.22170","article-title":"Characteristics and outcome of immune thrombocytopenia in elderly: results from a single center case-controlled study","volume":"86","author":"M Michel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2386","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-07-162503","article-title":"Standardization of terminology, definitions and outcome criteria in immune thrombocytopenic purpura of adults and children: report from an international working group","volume":"113","author":"F Rodeghiero","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-06-225565","article-title":"International consensus report on the investigation and management of primary immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"115","author":"D Provan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2005.00602.x","article-title":"Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in the elderly: clinical course in 178 patients","volume":"76","author":"L Bizzoni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"Bahoush G, Motamedi D, Vossough P. Initial lymphocyte count in patients with acute immune thrombocytopenic purpura: Can it predict persistence of the disease? Minerva Pediatr. 2014 [Epub ahead of print]."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.24628","article-title":"Absolutelymphocyte counts as prognostic indicators for immune thrombocytopenia outcomes in children","volume":"60","author":"MD Deel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.22570","article-title":"Initial lymphocyte count and the development of persistent\/chronic immune thrombocytopenicpurpura","volume":"55","author":"I Ahmed","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-014-2014-3","article-title":"Absolutelymphocyte count and risk of short-term infection in patients with immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"93","author":"MH Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1097\/MBC.0000000000000155","article-title":"Lymphocyte subsets in primary immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"25","author":"W Rong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198205273062102","article-title":"Transient reversal of thrombocytopenia in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura by high-dose intravenous gamma globulin","volume":"306","author":"J Fehr","year":"1982","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-03-079947","article-title":"Expansion of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells by intravenous immunoglobulin: a critical factor in controlling experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"111","author":"A Ephrem","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-05-1530","article-title":"Intravenously applied IgG stimulates complement attenuation in a complement-dependent autoimmune disease at the amplifying C3 convertase level","volume":"103","author":"HU Lutz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5388.490","article-title":"Inhibition of toxic epidermal necrolysis by blockade of CD95 with human intravenous immunoglobulin","volume":"282","author":"I Viard","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1416","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin ameliorates ITP via activating Fc gamma receptors on dendritic cells","volume":"12","author":"V Siragam","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.12.1102","article-title":"Inhibition of differentiation, amplification, and function of human TH17 cells by intravenous immunoglobulin","volume":"127","author":"MS Maddur","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.08.042","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin induces a functional silencing program similar to anergy in human B cells","volume":"133","author":"JF S\u00e9\u00eft\u00e9","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2011.08.004","article-title":"B cells are resistant to immunomodulation by 'IVIg-educated' dendritic cells","volume":"11","author":"MS Maddur","year":"2011","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1291373","article-title":"Piecing together the humoral and cellular mechanisms of immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"37","author":"LJ Toltl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-0502(03)00041-7","article-title":"T cell and cytokine abnormalities in patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"28","author":"JW Semple","year":"2003","journal-title":"Transfus Apher Sci"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S62","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-012-9752-6","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of IVIG on IL-17 production by Th17 cells is independent of anti-IL-17 antibodies in the immunoglobulin preparations","volume":"33","author":"MS Maddur","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2011.02.007","article-title":"Comparison of different IVIg preparations on IL-17 production by human Th17 cells","volume":"10","author":"MS Maddur","year":"2011","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.111123","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin expands regulatory T cells in autoimmune rheumatic disease","volume":"39","author":"J Bayry","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maddur MS, Trinath J, Rabin M, Bolgert F, Guy M, Vallat JM, et al. Intravenous immunoglobulin-mediated expansion of regulatory T cells in autoimmune patients is associated with increased prostaglandin E2 levels in the circulation. Cell Mol Immunol. 2014 [Epub ahead of print].","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2014.117"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-11-468264","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin expands regulatory T cells via induction of cyclooxygenase-2-dependent prostaglandin E2 in human dendritic cells","volume":"122","author":"J Trinath","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2004.04896.x","article-title":"Alpha galactosylceramide driven expansion of human natural killer T cells is inhibited by prednisolone treatment","volume":"125","author":"U Johansson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2009.09.006","article-title":"Exposure of NK cells to intravenous immunoglobulin induces IFN gamma release and degranulation but inhibits their cytotoxic activity","volume":"133","author":"C Jacobi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V83.3.870.870","article-title":"Natural killer cell numbers and activity in patients with chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"83","author":"JW Semple","year":"1994","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2008.04.004","article-title":"Multidrug resistance-1 in T lymphocytes and natural killer cells of adults with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: effect of prednisone treatment","volume":"39","author":"X L\u00f3pez-Karpovitch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Med Res"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10134","article-title":"Intravenous gammaglobulin suppresses inflammation through a novel T(H)2 pathway","volume":"475","author":"RM Anthony","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3401-c1","article-title":"IVIG pluripotency and the concept of Fc-sialylation: challenges to the scientist","volume":"14","author":"S von Gunten","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201142260","article-title":"IVIg-mediated amelioration of ITP in mice is dependent on sialic acid and SIGNR1","volume":"42","author":"I Schwab","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2011.03517.x","article-title":"Sialylation-independent mechanism involved in the amelioration of murine immune thrombocytopenia using intravenous gammaglobulin","volume":"52","author":"D Leontyev","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21246","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021246","article-title":"Enrichment of sialylated IgG by lectin fractionation does not enhance the efficacy of immunoglobulin G in a murine model of immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"6","author":"T Guhr","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-011-0084-3","article-title":"Prevalence of diagnosed adult immune thrombocytopenia in the United Kingdom","volume":"28","author":"D Bennett","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2549","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V97.9.2549","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality in adults with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"97","author":"JE Portielje","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V77.1.31.31","article-title":"High risk of severe bleeding in aged patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"77","author":"S Cortelazzo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"963506","article-title":"Comorbidities of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: a population-based study","volume":"2009","author":"MA FeudjoTepie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv Hematol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-002-0488-x","article-title":"Overview of 321 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Retrospective analysis of the clinical features and response to therapy","volume":"81","author":"GE Pamuk","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199411033311807","article-title":"Chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"331","author":"JN George","year":"1994","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)12118-8","article-title":"Autoimmune (idiopathic) thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"349","author":"S Karpatkin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0126601","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]],"date-time":"2020-09-02T06:56:03Z","timestamp":1599029763000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0126601"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jagadeesh","family":"Bayry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,15]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0126601","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,15]]}}}