{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T11:48:04Z","timestamp":1791460084390,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,27]],"date-time":"2015-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1432684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,27]],"date-time":"2015-05-27T18:08:01Z","timestamp":1432750081000},"page":"e0127949","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Characterization of Regulatory B Cells in Graves\u2019 Disease and Hashimoto\u2019s Thyroiditis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Birte","family":"Kristensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laszlo","family":"Heged\u00fcs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven K.","family":"Lundy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie K.","family":"Brimnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terry J.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claus H.","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2594","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp0801880","article-title":"Graves\u2019 disease","volume":"358","author":"GA Brent","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04318.x","article-title":"Twin studies as a model for exploring the aetiology of autoimmune thyroid disease","volume":"76","author":"TH Brix","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Endocrin"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R241","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0047","article-title":"Mechanisms in endocrinology: autoimmune thyroid disease: old and new players","volume":"170","author":"G Effraimidis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"788","article-title":"Autoimmune thyroid disease: Further developments in our understanding","volume":"15","author":"AP Weetman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.7.7.1061","article-title":"B-cell depletion with rituximab in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy the latest addition to an expanding family","volume":"7","author":"CH Nielsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert Opin Biol Ther"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1992.tb24615.x","article-title":"IL-10 production by CD5 B cells","volume":"651","author":"A O'Garra","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1038\/ni833","article-title":"B cells regulate autoimmunity by provision of IL-10","volume":"3","author":"S Fillatreau","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20021293","article-title":"Prevention of arthritis by Interleukin 10-producing B cells","volume":"197","author":"C Mauri","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2011.00333","article-title":"Multiple mechanisms of immune suppression by B lymphocytes","volume":"18","author":"MW Klinker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Med. (Camb Mass)"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-07-294249","article-title":"Characterization of a rare IL-10-competent B-cell subset in man that parallels mouse regulatory B10 cells","volume":"117","author":"Y Iwata","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2686","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201040673","article-title":"IL-10 produced by activated human B cells regulates CD4<sup>+<\/sup> T-cell activation in vitro","volume":"40","author":"JD Bouaziz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2012.07.004","article-title":"B-cell exposure to self-antigen induces IL-10 producing B cells as well as IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 producing B cell subsets in healthy humans","volume":"145","author":"A Langkj\u00e6r","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2006.166","article-title":"Establishment of reference distributions and decision values for thyroid antibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb), thyroglobulin (TgAb) and the thyrotropin receptor (TRAb)","volume":"44","author":"EA Jensen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2004.136","article-title":"Establishment of a serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) reference interval in healthy adults. The importance of environmental factors, including thyroid antibodies","volume":"42","author":"E Jensen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9120(97)00049-0","article-title":"Removal of Endotoxin from Protein Preparations","volume":"30","author":"S Lui","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4537","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-05-1525","article-title":"Human CD5 promotes B-cell survival through stimulation of autocrine IL-10 production","volume":"100","author":"H Gary-Gouy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34364","article-title":"Increased Numbers of CD5<sup>+<\/sup> B Lymphocytes with a Regulatory Phenotype in Spondylarthritis","volume":"64","author":"T Cantaert","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2011.11.018","article-title":"Human CD19<sup>+<\/sup>CD25<sup>high<\/sup> B regulatory cells suppress proliferation of CD4<sup>+<\/sup> T cells and enhance FOXP3 and CTLA-4 expression in T-regulatory cells","volume":"11","author":"A Kessel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.003","article-title":"New regulatory CD19<sup>+<\/sup>CD25<sup>+<\/sup> B cell-subset in clinically isolated syndrome and multiple sclerosis relapse. Changes after glucocorticoids","volume":"270","author":"C De Andres","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e89236","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089236","article-title":"IL-10-producing B cells are induced early in HIV-1 infection and suppress HIV-1-specific T cell responses","volume":"9","author":"J Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3645","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI46274","article-title":"Regulatory B cells are identified by expression of TIM-1 and can be induced through TIM-1 ligation to promote tolerance in mice","volume":"121","author":"Q Ding","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2004.0109.x","article-title":"Peripheral development of B cells in mouse and man","volume":"197","author":"R Carsetti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.11.009","article-title":"CD19(+)CD24(hi)CD38(hi) B cells exhibit regulatory capacity in healthy individuals but are functionally impaired in systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients","volume":"32","author":"PA Blair","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20101499","article-title":"Human B1 cells in umbilical cord and adult peripheral blood express the novel phenotype CD20<sup>+<\/sup>CD27<sup>+<\/sup>CD43<sup>+<\/sup>CD70<sup>-<\/sup>","volume":"208","author":"DO Griffin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2012.00203","article-title":"Human \u201corchestrator\u201d CD11b<sup>+<\/sup> B1 cells spontaneously secrete IL-10 and regulate T cell activity","volume":"18","author":"DO Griffin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2006.03283.x","article-title":"Production of interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-10 accompanies T helper cell type 1 (Th1) cytokine responses to a major thyroid self-antigen, thyroglobulin, in health and autoimmune thyroid disease","volume":"147","author":"CH Nielsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e49835","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049835","article-title":"Decrease in Proportion of CD19<sup>+<\/sup>CD24<sup>+<\/sup>CD27<sup>+<\/sup> B cells and Impairment of their suppressive function in Graves\u2019 disease","volume":"7","author":"B Zha","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173ra23","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3005407","article-title":"CD19<sup>+<\/sup>CD24<sup>hi<\/sup>CD38<sup>hi<\/sup> B cells maintain regulatory T cells while limiting Th1 and Th17 differentiation","volume":"5","author":"F Flores-Borja","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38666","article-title":"Regulatory B10 cells are decreased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and are inversely correlated with disease activity","volume":"66","author":"CI Daien","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400738","article-title":"Splenic B cells from Hymenolepis diminuta-infected mice ameliorate colitis independent T cells and via cooperation with macrophages","volume":"194","author":"JL Reyes","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200737461","article-title":"PD-L2 expression extends beyond dendritic cells\/macrophages to B1 cells enriched for V(H)11\/V(H)12 and phosphatidylcholine binding","volume":"37","author":"X Zhong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830260332","article-title":"Activated B cells express functional Fas ligand","volume":"26","author":"M Hahne","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70131","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070131","article-title":"Interleukin-5 Supports the Expansion of Fas Ligand-Expressing Killer B Cells that Induce Antigen-Specific Apoptosis of CD4<sup>+<\/sup> T Cells and Secrete Interleukin-10","volume":"8","author":"MW Klinker","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12557","article-title":"Altered balance between self-reactive Th17 cells and Th10 cells and between full-length FOXP3 and FOXP3 splice variants in Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis","volume":"180","author":"B Kristensen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1038\/312641a0","article-title":"Human interleukin-2 promotes proliferation of activated B cells via surface receptors similar to those of activated T cells","volume":"312","author":"MC Mingari","year":"1984","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17113","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0508643102","article-title":"T cell Ig and mucin 1 (TIM-1) is expressed on in vivo-activated T cells and provides a costimulatory signal for T cell activation","volume":"102","author":"AJ De Souza","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2366","article-title":"New roles for TIM family members in immune regulation","volume":"8","author":"VK Kuchroo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4390","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-11-4284","article-title":"Identification and characterization of circulating human transitional B cells","volume":"105","author":"GP Sims","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198008073030603","article-title":"Carbimazole and the autoimmune response in Graves\u2019 disease","volume":"303","author":"AM McGregor","year":"1980","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-53-6-1223","article-title":"Inhibition of immunoglobulin-secreting cells by antithyroid cells","volume":"53","author":"I Weiss","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.107.132407","article-title":"Thionamides inhibit the transcription factor nuclear factor-\u03baB by suppression of Rac1 and inhibitor of \u03baB kinase \u03b1","volume":"324","author":"M Humar","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0127949","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,25]],"date-time":"2019-08-25T17:29:42Z","timestamp":1566754182000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0127949"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Yolande","family":"Richard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,27]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0127949","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,27]]}}}