{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T04:32:51Z","timestamp":1782189171293,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,26]],"date-time":"2015-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1435276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,26]],"date-time":"2015-06-26T18:18:06Z","timestamp":1435342686000},"page":"e0129705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Risk Factors for Low Birthweight in Zimbabwean Women: A Secondary Data Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Shingairai A.","family":"Feresu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siob\u00e1n D.","family":"Harlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Godfrey B.","family":"Woelk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"LBW: Country, Regional and Global Estimate","author":"T Wardlaw","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"1","article-title":"The prevalence of stillbirths: a systematic review Reproductive Health","volume":"3","author":"L Say","year":"2006","journal-title":"The prevalence of stillbirths: a systematic review Reproductive Health"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.2.584S","article-title":"Low birth weight in the United States","volume":"85","author":"RL Goldenberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"The American journal of clinical nutrition"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"Kodzi IA, Kravdal \u00d8. Demographic Research Volume 28, Article 25, Pages 713\u2013732 Published 4 April 2013 http:\/\/www.demographic-research.org\/Volumes\/Vol28\/25\/<\/ext-link> 10.4054\/DemRes.2013.28.25"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Disease and Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa: Trends in Child Mortality, 1960 to 2000","author":"K Hill","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"World Health Oganization: The World Health Report 2005 Make Every Mother and Child Count The World Health Report 2005. Geneva: WHO, Publications; 2005:1\u2013243."},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"1","article-title":"The State of the Worlds\u2019s Children 2005: Childhood Under Threat","author":"C Bellamy","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"663","article-title":"Determinants of low birth weight: methodological assessment and meta-analysis","volume":"65","author":"MS Kramer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"323","article-title":"Low birth weight in urban Harare","volume":"42","author":"JA Sanders","year":"1996","journal-title":"The Central African journal of medicine"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2003.00539.x","article-title":"Incidence of and socio-demographic risk factors for stillbirth, preterm birth and low birthweight among Zimbabwean women","volume":"18","author":"SA Feresu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"30","article-title":"Annual distribution of births and deaths outcomes at Harare Maternity Hospital, Zimbabwe","volume":"56","author":"SA Feresu","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Central African journal of medicine"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2004.11.018","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for low birth weight in Northern Zimbabwe","volume":"88","author":"C Ticconi","year":"2005","journal-title":"International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-5-9","article-title":"Incidence of stillbirth and perinatal mortality and their associated factors among women delivering at Harare Maternity Hospital, Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional retrospective analysis","volume":"5","author":"SA Feresu","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC pregnancy and childbirth"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref14","first-page":"1","article-title":"Determinants of perinatal mortality in Marondera district, Mashonaland East Province of Zimbabwe, 2009: a case control study","volume":"8","author":"E Tachiweyika","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pan African Medical Journal"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199712000-00004","article-title":"Small for gestational age and intrauterine growth restriction: definitions and standards","volume":"40","author":"RL Goldenberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clinical obstetrics and gynecology"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-12-11","article-title":"Developmental outcome of very low birth weight infants in a developing country","volume":"12","author":"DE Ballot","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC pediatrics"},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"THE WORLD BANK Zimbabwe Nutrition at a glance. Produced with support from the Japan trust Fund for Scaling up Nutrition 2009. Available: http:\/\/siteresources.worldbank.org\/NUTRITION\/Resources\/281846-1271963823772\/Zimbabwe.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref18","first-page":"123","article-title":"Comparison of exercise-induced hypertension in low birth weight and normal birth weight young black adults in Zimbabwe","volume":"19","author":"J Chifamba","year":"2012","journal-title":"High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200311010-00005","article-title":"Effect of Maternal HIV and Malaria Infection on Pregnancy and Perinatal Outcome in Zimbabwe","volume":"vol. 34","author":"C Ticconi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.2307\/3583404","article-title":"Relation of parity to pregnancy outcome in a rural community in Zimbabwe","volume":"8","author":"FM Majoko","year":"2004","journal-title":"Afr J Reprod Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.1.178","article-title":"Effect of multimicronutrient supplementation on gestational length and birth size: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind effectiveness trial in Zimbabwe1,<\/sup>2,<\/sup>3","volume":"vol. 80","author":"H Friis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr July"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000264527.69954.4c","article-title":"ZVITAMBO Study Group. Child mortality according to maternal and infant HIV status in Zimbabwe","volume":"26","author":"E Marinda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"Issue 5","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001217","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001217","article-title":"Pregnancy and Infant Outcomes among HIV-Infected Women Taking Long-Term ART with and without Tenofovir in the DART Trial","volume":"Volume 9","author":"DM Gibb","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Medicine"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyh120","article-title":"Risk factors for prematurity at Harare Maternity Hospital, Zimbabwe","volume":"33","author":"SA Feresu","year":"2004","journal-title":"International journal of epidemiology"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)82056-6","article-title":"New Ballard Score, expanded to include extremely premature infants","volume":"119","author":"JL Ballard","year":"1991","journal-title":"The Journal of pediatrics"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/28.7.782","article-title":"The insertion tape: a new circumference tape for use in nutritional assessment","volume":"28","author":"AJ Zerfas","year":"1975","journal-title":"The American journal of clinical nutritionmerican Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(21)08152-9","article-title":"Evaluating upper arm anthropometric measurements","volume":"84","author":"CW Bishop","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of the American Dietetic Association"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.1992.10475858","article-title":"Complementary Log Regression for Generalized Linear Models","volume":"Vol. 46","author":"WW Piegorsch","year":"1992","journal-title":"The American Statistician"},{"key":"ref29","unstructured":"Christensen RHB. Analysis of ordinal data with cumulative link models\u2014estimation with the R-package ordinal January 21, 2015. Available: http:\/\/www.cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/ordinal\/vignettes\/clm_intro.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.4162\/nrp.2012.6.2.132","article-title":"Maternal anthropometric measurements and other factors: relation with birth weight of neonates","volume":"6","author":"MF Tabrizi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutrition research and practice"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e39957","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039957","article-title":"Wealth status, mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) and antenatal care (ANC) are determinants for low birth weight in Kersa, Ethiopia","volume":"7","author":"N Assefa","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"17","article-title":"Nutrition and low birth weight: from research to practice1\u20135 Am J Clin Nutr","volume":"79","author":"U Ramakrishnan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nutrition and low birth weight: from research to practice1\u20135 Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-3-181","article-title":"Anaemia and low birth weight in Medani, Hospital Sudan","volume":"3","author":"EM Elhassan","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC research notes"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0599","article-title":"Maternal anemia in Benin: prevalence, risk factors, and association with low birth weight","volume":"85","author":"F Bodeau-Livinec","year":"2011","journal-title":"The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref35","first-page":"77","article-title":"Effect of Maternal Anaemia on Birth Weight","volume":"23","author":"MO Ahmad","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03050.x","article-title":"Dose-response relationship between alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy and the risks of low birth weight, preterm birth and small-size-for-gestational age (SGA)\u2014A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"118","author":"J Patra","year":"2011","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"87","article-title":"Prenatal care utilization and foetal outcomes at Harare Maternity Hospital, Zimbabwe","volume":"47","author":"J Galvan","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Central African journal of medicine"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"223","article-title":"Maternal risk factors associated with low birth weight: a case-control study","volume":"17","author":"F Anjum","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annals"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540495","DOI":"10.5402\/2012\/540495","article-title":"Pattern of Maternal Complications and Low Birth Weight: Associated Risk Factors among Highly Endogamous Women","volume":"2012","author":"A Bener","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISRN obstetrics and gynecology"},{"issue":"Special Issue","key":"ref40","first-page":"83","article-title":"The Epidemiology of Low Birth Weight and Preterm Delivery, in Hawa\u00eci, 2000\u20132001 Californian Journal of Health Promotion","volume":"Volume 1","author":"CB Prince","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Epidemiology of Low Birth Weight and Preterm Delivery, in Hawa\u00eci, 2000\u20132001 Californian Journal of Health Promotion"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"838","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of low-birth-weight infants in Zahedan, Islamic Republic of Iran East","volume":"v.13","author":"M Roudbari","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mediterr. health j"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref42","first-page":"207","article-title":"Birth weight variation according to maternal characteristics and gestational weight gain in Brazilian women Nutr Hosp","volume":"24","author":"PDC Padilha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Birth weight variation according to maternal characteristics and gestational weight gain in Brazilian women Nutr Hosp"},{"issue":"Number 2","key":"ref43","first-page":"x24","article-title":"Increasing Low Birth Weight Rates: Deliveries in a Tertiary Hospital in Istanbul Iranian Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"Volume 20","author":"Y Akin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Increasing Low Birth Weight Rates: Deliveries in a Tertiary Hospital in Istanbul Iranian Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-007-0226-z","article-title":"Determinants of Birthweight; Gender Based Analysis","volume":"12","author":"S Halileh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"760","article-title":"Impact of Malaria during Pregnancy on Low Birth Weight in Sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"17","author":"HL Guyatt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Impact of Malaria during Pregnancy on Low Birth Weight in Sub-Saharan Africa"},{"issue":"No. 3","key":"ref46","first-page":"137","article-title":"Risk factors for low birth-weight in areas with varying malaria transmission in Korogwe, Tanzania: implications for malaria control","volume":"Volume 10","author":"BP Mmbando1","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tanzania Journal of Health Research"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-11-71","article-title":"An analysis of timing and frequency of malaria infection during pregnancy in relation to the risk of low birth weight, anaemia and perinatal mortality in Burkina Faso","volume":"11","author":"I Valea","year":"2012","journal-title":"Malaria journal"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2013010","DOI":"10.4084\/mjhid.2013.010","article-title":"Malaria in pregnancy","volume":"5","author":"EN Takem","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mediterranean journal of hematology and infectious diseases"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"229","article-title":"Syphilis in Murewa District, Zimbabwe: an old problem that rages on","volume":"44","author":"RA Kambarami","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Central African journal of medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref50","first-page":"1846","article-title":"Maternal HIV infection associated with small-for-gestational age infants but not preterm births: evidence from rural South Africa Hum","volume":"27","author":"J Ndirangu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reprod"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0129705","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,9]],"date-time":"2024-06-09T18:39:22Z","timestamp":1717958362000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0129705"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Claire","family":"Thorne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,26]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0129705","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,26]]}}}