{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T09:43:35Z","timestamp":1778838215632,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,11]],"date-time":"2015-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,11]],"date-time":"2015-06-11T17:54:13Z","timestamp":1434045253000},"page":"e0130190","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Effect of Solar Irradiated Vibrio cholerae on the Secretion of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines by the JAWS II Dendritic Cell Line In Vitro"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Cornelius Cano","family":"Ssemakalu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eunice","family":"Ubomba-Jaswa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keolebogile Shirley","family":"Motaung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Pillay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"80","article-title":"Progress on Drinking Water and Saniation: Joint Monitoring Program 2014 Update","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, Health Criteria and Other Supporting Information","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"63","article-title":"Millennium Development Goals and Indigenous Peoples","author":"N Rosellini","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"12","article-title":"Weekly epidemiological record","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6691","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.12.6691-6696.2000","article-title":"<italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/italic> Requires rpoS for Efficient Intestinal Colonization","volume":"68","author":"DS Merrell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2014.158","article-title":"Influence of solar water disinfection on immunity against cholera\u2014A review","volume":"12","author":"CC Ssemakalu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Water and Health"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.85.4.293","article-title":"Solar disinfection of drinking water protects against cholera in children under 6 years of age","volume":"85","author":"RM Conroy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8744","DOI":"10.1021\/es103328j","article-title":"Solar Disinfection of Drinking Water In the Prevention of Dysentery in South African Children Aged under 5 Years: The Role of Participant Motivation","volume":"44","author":"M Du Preez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2012.07.053","article-title":"Solar water disinfection (SODIS): A review from bench-top to roof-top","volume":"235\u2013236","author":"KG McGuigan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2012.128","article-title":"The efficacy of simulated solar disinfection (SODIS) against coxsackievirus, poliovirus and hepatitis A virus","volume":"10","author":"W Heaselgrave","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Water and Health"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2006.01940.x","article-title":"Solar disinfection of poliovirus and Acanthamoeba polyphaga cysts in water\u2014a laboratory study using simulated sunlight","volume":"43","author":"W Heaselgrave","year":"2006","journal-title":"Letters in Applied Microbiology"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.65.5.2025-2031.1999","article-title":"Study of the Response of a Biofilm Bacterial Community to UV Radiation","volume":"65","author":"MO Elasri","year":"1999","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6435","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.11.6435-6443.2004","article-title":"Survival of <italic>Shewanella oneidensis<\/italic> MR-1 after UV Radiation Exposure","volume":"70","author":"X Qiu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2008.08.002","article-title":"Effectiveness of solar disinfection using batch reactors with non-imaging aluminium reflectors under real conditions: Natural well-water and solar light","volume":"93","author":"C Navntoft","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"139","article-title":"Evaluation of the effects of solar ultraviolet radiation on the growth of <italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/italic> and on the secretion of the cholera toxin [Research project]","author":"CC Ssemakalu","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.28617-0","article-title":"Flow-cytometric study of vital cellular functions in <italic>Escherichia coli<\/italic> during solar disinfection (SODIS)","volume":"152","author":"M Berney","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.46.1.44-49.1983","article-title":"Inhibitory Effect of Solar Radiation on Amino Acid Uptake in Chesapeake Bay Bacteria","volume":"46","author":"CA Bailey","year":"1983","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5806","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00597-06","article-title":"Effect of Natural Sunlight on Bacterial Activity and Differential Sensitivity of Natural Bacterioplankton Groups in Northwestern Mediterranean Coastal Waters","volume":"72","author":"L Alonso-S\u00e1ez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.038471-0","article-title":"The respiratory chain is the cell&apos;s Achilles&apos; heel during UVA inactivation in Escherichia coli","volume":"156","author":"F Bosshard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2931","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2010.02268.x","article-title":"Protein oxidation and aggregation in UVA-irradiated Escherichia coli cells as signs of accelerated cellular senescence","volume":"12","author":"F Bosshard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3329\/jhpn.v28i1.4521","article-title":"Quality of Drinking-water at Source and Point-of-consumption\u2014Drinking Cup As a High Potential Recontamination Risk: A Field Study in Bolivia","volume":"28","author":"S Rufener","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Health Popul Nutr"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.2398","article-title":"Investigating the microbial inactivation efficiency of a 25 L batch solar disinfection (SODIS) reactor enhanced with a compound parabolic collector (CPC) for household use","volume":"85","author":"E Ubomba-Jaswa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.22.012703.104538","article-title":"CELL BIOLOGY OF ANTIGEN PROCESSING IN VITRO AND IN VIVO","volume":"23","author":"ES Trombetta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annual Review of Immunology"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2384","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.5.2384","article-title":"Cholera Toxin Promotes the induction of Regulatory T cells Specific for Bystander Antigens by Modulating Dendritic Cell Activation","volume":"171","author":"EC Lavelle","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"840","article-title":"Fundamental Immunology","author":"M Muriel","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.2.503","article-title":"Proinflammatory cytokines","volume":"118","author":"CA Dinarello","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(97)01044-5","article-title":"Apoptosis as a proinflammatory event: What can we learn from bacteria-induced cell death?","volume":"5","author":"A Zychlinsky","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trends in Microbiology"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1104637","article-title":"The live vaccine strain of Francisella tularensis replicates in human and murine macrophages but induces only the human cells to secrete proinflammatory cytokines","volume":"77","author":"CE Bolger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Leukocyte Biology"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4631","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2007.05991.x","article-title":"Transcriptional upregulation of inflammatory cytokines in human intestinal epithelial cells following Vibrio cholerae infection","volume":"274","author":"A Bandyopadhaya","year":"2007","journal-title":"The FEBS Journal"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2392","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01584-07","article-title":"Characterization of Murine Dendritic Cell Line JAWS II and Primary Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells in Chlamydia muridarum Antigen Presentation and Induction of Protective Immunity","volume":"76","author":"X Jiang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2004.02.009","article-title":"Viable but non-culturable forms of food and waterborne bacteria: Quo Vadis?","volume":"15","author":"NJ Rowan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends in Food Science & Technology"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"Immortalized dendritic cells","author":"VL Mackay","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17278","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017278","article-title":"Assessing Protein Immunogenicity with a Dendritic Cell Line-Derived Endolysosomal Degradome","volume":"6","author":"M Egger","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1590\/sajs.2013\/20130061","article-title":"Impact of solar irradiation on cholera toxin secretion by different strains of Vibrio cholerae","volume":"109","author":"CC Ssemakalu","year":"2013","journal-title":"South African Journal of Science"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.38.1.21-26.1982","article-title":"Effect of chemical and heat inactivation on the antigenicity and immunogenicity of Vibrio cholerae","volume":"38","author":"SJJ Cryz","year":"1982","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-3623(96)00419-3","article-title":"The mechanisms of action of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: A review with emphasis on macrophage signal transduction and the induction of proinflammatory cytokines","volume":"29","author":"B Jan","year":"1997","journal-title":"General Pharmacology: The Vascular System"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"168","article-title":"Proinflammatory Cytokines in HIV disease-A Review and Rationale for New Therapeutic Approaches","author":"CC Nancy","year":"2005","journal-title":"AIDS Reviews"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"355","article-title":"DNA Vaccines","author":"H Ertl","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref39","article-title":"IL-6 Production by Dendritic Cells Is Dispensable for CD8+ Memory T-Cell Generation","author":"J-F Daudelin","year":"2012","journal-title":"BioMed Research International 2013"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"30","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans stimulates production of interleukin-1\u03b2, tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in human whole blood","volume":"34","author":"IJ Schytte Blix","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontal Research"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.4.1730","article-title":"Cholera Toxin B Pretreatment of Macrophages and Monocytes Diminishes Their Proinflammatory Responsiveness to Lipopolysaccharide","volume":"168","author":"V Burkart","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2834","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.069641","article-title":"Physiological levels of TNF alpha stimulation induce stochastic dynamics of NF-kappaB responses in single living cells","volume":"123","author":"DA Turner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Science"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4351","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.7.4351-4357.2001","article-title":"Dendritic Cell Activation and Cytokine Production Induced by Group B Neisseria meningitidis: Interleukin-12 Production Depends on Lipopolysaccharide Expression in Intact Bacteria","volume":"69","author":"GL Dixon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.08.007","article-title":"Activation and suppression of the proinflammatory immune response by <italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/italic> toxins","volume":"5","author":"J Karla","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microbes and Infection"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17098","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.24.17098","article-title":"Transient exposure to HIV-1 Tat protein results in cytokine production in macrophages and astrocytes. A hit and run phenomenon","volume":"274","author":"A Nath","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1159\/000163729","article-title":"The role of monocyte\/macrophages and cytokines in the pathogenesis of HIV infection","volume":"60","author":"G Poli","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pathobiology"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2007.01049.x","article-title":"Macrophage tolerance response to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide induces differential regulation of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, interleukin-1\u03b2 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 secretion","volume":"43","author":"S Tanabe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontal Research"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4359","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0915164107","article-title":"Reactogenicity of live-attenuated Vibrio cholerae vaccines is dependent on flagellins","volume":"107","author":"H Rui","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2236","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200939759","article-title":"A novel immunoregulatory function for IL-23: Inhibition of IL-12-dependent IFN-\u03b3 production","volume":"40","author":"AN Sieve","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4299","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.408302","article-title":"<italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/italic> O395 outer membrane vesicles modulate intestinal epithelial cells in a NOD1 protein-dependent manner and induce dendritic cell-mediated Th2\/Th17 cell responses","volume":"288","author":"D Chatterjee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2005.10.003","article-title":"Understanding the IL-23-IL-17 immune pathway","volume":"27","author":"BS McKenzie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2905","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00356-12","article-title":"Neutrophils Are Essential for Containment of Vibrio cholerae to the Intestine during the Proinflammatory Phase of Infection","volume":"80","author":"J Queen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.49.4.526","article-title":"MIP-2 secreted by epithelial cells increases neutrophil and lymphocyte recruitment in the mouse intestine","volume":"49","author":"Y Ohtsuka","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.2.1037","article-title":"Macrophage inflammatory protein-2 is a mediator of polymorphonuclear neutrophil influx in ocular bacterial infection","volume":"164","author":"KA Kernacki","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1097\/01.LAB.0000063928.91314.9F","article-title":"Role of macrophage inflammatory peptide-2 in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis and pancreatitis-associated lung injury","volume":"83","author":"CM Pastor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2003.04561.x","article-title":"Serum levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1alpha) correlate with the extent of bone disease and survival in patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"123","author":"E Terpos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2806","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.4.2806","article-title":"The role of MIP-1 alpha in the development of systemic inflammatory response and organ injury following trauma hemorrhage","volume":"181","author":"CH Hsieh","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(98)00040-4","article-title":"Immunocytochemical detection of cytokines and chemokines in Langerhans cells and in vitro derived dendritic cells","volume":"214","author":"K Lore","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"67","article-title":"Immunogenicity and protective capacity of inactivated &quot;vibrio cholerae&quot; whole cell vaccines","volume":"53","author":"SJ Cryz","year":"1983","journal-title":"Developments in Biological Standardization"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0130190","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,3]],"date-time":"2020-09-03T09:31:23Z","timestamp":1599125483000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0130190"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Shrikant","family":"Anant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,11]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0130190","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,11]]}}}