{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T05:09:20Z","timestamp":1790485760448,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,25]],"date-time":"2015-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1435190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0131632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,25]],"date-time":"2015-06-25T18:21:01Z","timestamp":1435256461000},"page":"e0131632","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Do Bells Affect Behaviour and Heart Rate Variability in Grazing Dairy Cows?"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Johns","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Patt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edna","family":"Hillmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(93)77489-5","article-title":"Milk-Yield, Milk-Composition, and Behavior of Holstein Cows in Response to Jet Aircraft Noise before Milking","volume":"76","author":"HH Head","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1591(96)01029-5","article-title":"Behavioural and physiological responses of pigs to sound","volume":"48","author":"JC Talling","year":"1996","journal-title":"Appl Anim Behav Sci"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1017\/S1357729800054060","article-title":"Acute and long term effects of intermittent noise stress on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical and symptho-adrenomedullary axis in pigs","volume":"78","author":"W Otten","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anim Sci"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2005.06.017","article-title":"Responses of horses to novel visual, olfactory and auditory stimuli","volume":"93","author":"JW Christensen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl Anim Behav Sci"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2015.02.005","article-title":"Effects of sounds of different quality on the behaviour and heart beat parameters of goats","volume":"165","author":"J Johns","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl Anim Behav Sci"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1080\/AC.67.3.2160722","article-title":"Influence of acute stress on cardiac electrophysiological stability in male goats","volume":"67","author":"JG Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Act Cardiol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1591(98)00211-1","article-title":"The response of beef cattle to noise during handling","volume":"62","author":"DF Waynert","year":"1999","journal-title":"Appl Anim Behav Sci"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2006.07.004","article-title":"The behavioural and physiological responses of dairy heifers to tape-recorded milking facility noise with and without a pre-treatment adaptation phase","volume":"106","author":"NA Arnold","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl Anim Behav Sci"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2007.02.002","article-title":"Avoidance of tape-recorded milking facility noise by dairy heifers in a Y maze choice task","volume":"109","author":"NA Arnold","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl Anim Behav Sci"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livprodsci.2004.12.002","article-title":"Central and peripheral effects of repeated noise stress on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis in pigs","volume":"94","author":"E Kanitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Livest Prod Sci"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(06)72324-4","article-title":"Short Communication: Contribution of Vibration and Noise During Milking to the Somatic Cell Count of Milk","volume":"89","author":"L Gygax","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1591(97)00142-1","article-title":"Sound avoidance by domestic pigs depends upon characteristics of the signal","volume":"58","author":"JC Talling","year":"1998","journal-title":"Appl Anim Behav Sci"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994-&","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1972.346994x","article-title":"Physiological Response of Lambs to Auditory Stimuli","volume":"34","author":"DR Ames","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.97.2.299","article-title":"Hearing in large mammals: Horses (<italic>Equus caballus<\/italic>) and cattle (<italic>Bos taurus<\/italic>)","volume":"97","author":"RS Heffner","year":"1983","journal-title":"Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5067","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2102","article-title":"Repeated ruminal acidosis challenges in lactating dairy cows at high and low risk for developing acidosis: Feeding, ruminating, and lying behavior","volume":"92","author":"TJ DeVries","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.11.015","article-title":"Cortisol levels and anxiety-related behaviors in cattle","volume":"90","author":"DJ Bristow","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phys Behav"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.2527\/1998.761275x","article-title":"Acidosis in cattle: A review","volume":"76","author":"FN Owens","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0720(15)30794-5","article-title":"Ingestion and mastication of feed by dairy cattle","volume":"7","author":"K Beauchemin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2694","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2013-6923","article-title":"Stocking density, milking duration, and lying times of lactating cows on Canadian freestall dairy farms","volume":"97","author":"GL Charlton","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Annex to the EFSA Journal. Parma","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"DLG Expert Knowledge Series","author":"A Pelzer","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.7120\/09627286.21.3.339","article-title":"Automated monitoring of behavioural-based animal welfare indicators","volume":"21","author":"J Rushen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anim Welf"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2004.08.006","article-title":"The effect of reward duration on demand functions for rest in dairy heifers and lying requirements as measured by demand functions","volume":"90","author":"MB Jensen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl Anim Behav Sci"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1591(85)90010-3","article-title":"The Reaction of Cows to a Short-Term Deprivation of Lying","volume":"13","author":"JHM Metz","year":"1985","journal-title":"Appl Anim Behav Sci"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.2527\/1996.744769x","article-title":"Behavioral and pituitary adrenal-axis responses of dairy cows to social isolation and deprivation of lying down","volume":"74","author":"L Munksgaard","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2912","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(04)73422-0","article-title":"Effect of free stall surface on daily activity patterns in dairy cows with relevance to lameness prevalence","volume":"87","author":"NB Cook","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2008.05.020","article-title":"The development, implementation and testing of a lameness control programme based on HACCP principles and designed for heifers on dairy farms","volume":"180","author":"NJ Bell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4365","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2115","article-title":"Using gait score, walking speed, and lying behavior to detect hoof lesions in dairy cows","volume":"92","author":"N Chapinal","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3970","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2767","article-title":"Behavior during transition differs for cows diagnosed with claw horn lesions in mid lactation","volume":"93","author":"KL Proudfoot","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2007.03.010","article-title":"Restlessness behaviour, heart rate and heart-rate variability of dairy cows milked in two types of automatic milking systems and auto-tandem milking parlours","volume":"109","author":"L Gygax","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl Anim Behav Sci"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"1","article-title":"Infrared thermography and heart rate variability for non-invasive assessment of animal welfare","volume":"21","author":"M Stewart","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anzccart News"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2007.01.007","article-title":"Heart rate variability as a measure of autonomic regulation of cardiac activity for assessing stress and welfare in farm animals\u2014A review","volume":"92","author":"E von Borell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phys Behav"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7824","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007824","article-title":"Survey of the Quality of Experimental Design, Statistical Analysis and Reporting of Research Using Animals","volume":"4","author":"C Kilkenny","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"ref34","unstructured":"Manci KM, Gladwin DN, Villella R, Cavendish MG (1988) Effects of Aircraft Noise and Sonic Booms on Domestic Animals and Wildlife: A Literature Synthesis. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Ecology Research Center, Ft. Collins, CO. NERC-88\/29. 88 pp."},{"key":"ref35","unstructured":"Helmreich S, Wechsler B, Jungbluth T, Hauser R (2009) Validation of a novel data logger for recording lying behaviour of dairy cows and its application on robotic milking farms. ISAE, Proceedings of the 43rd International Congress, Cairns, Australia, p. 203."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2012.02.012","article-title":"The introduction of individual goats into small established groups has serious negative effects on the introduced goat but not on resident goats","volume":"138","author":"A Patt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl Anim Behav Sci"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2013.03.009","article-title":"Behavioural and physiological reactions of goats confronted with an unfamiliar group either when alone or with two peers","volume":"146","author":"A Patt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl Anim Behav Sci"},{"key":"ref38","unstructured":"MSR Electronics GmbH (2011) MSR PC-Software. MSR Electronics GmbH, Seuzach, Switzerland. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.msr.ch\/de\/support\/pcsoftware.html\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.msr.ch\/de\/support\/pcsoftware.html<\/ext-link>. Accessed 6 January 2015."},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"60","article-title":"Automatisches Messen der Kaubewegungen bei Wiederk\u00e4uern mit Hilfe eines Drucksensors","volume":"2","author":"F Nydegger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Agrarforschung Schweiz"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-9-164","article-title":"Evaluation of eating and rumination behaviour in cows using a noseband pressure sensor","volume":"9","author":"U Braun","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"ref41","unstructured":"Scheidegger A (2008) Klassifikation des Fressverhaltens von K\u00fchen. Diploma Thesis, Z\u00fcrcher Hochschule f\u00fcr Angewandte Wissenschaften."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511810893","article-title":"Measuring behaviour","author":"P Martin","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2004.05.007","article-title":"Visual discrimination learning in dwarf goats and associated changes in heart rate and heart rate variability","volume":"82","author":"J Langbein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phys Behav"},{"key":"ref45","unstructured":"Bates D, Maechler M, Bolker B, Walker S (2014) lme4: Linear mixed-effects models using Eigen and S4. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=nlme\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=nlme<\/ext-link>. Accessed 6 January 2015."},{"issue":"9","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v059.i09","article-title":"A Kenward-Roger approximation and parametric bootstrap methods for tests in linear mixed models; the R package pbkrtest","volume":"59","author":"U Halekoh","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"111","article-title":"Effect of noise on performance, stress and behaviour of animals","volume":"47","author":"J Broucek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Slovak J Anim Sc"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.7557\/2.16.4.1244","article-title":"Modeling energy and reproductive costs in caribou exposed to low flying military jet aircraft","volume":"9","author":"BR Luick","year":"1996","journal-title":"Rangifer"},{"issue":"10\/11","key":"ref49","first-page":"795","article-title":"Effect of noise on the milking efficiency of cows","volume":"16","author":"K Kovalcik","year":"1971","journal-title":"[Vplyvhluku na mliekovu uzitkovost krav.] Zivocisna Vyroba"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2312","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3639","article-title":"Short-term effects of regrouping on behavior of prepartum dairy cows","volume":"94","author":"K Schirmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3212","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-4741","article-title":"Rumination and its relationship to feeding and lying behavior in Holstein dairy cows","volume":"95","author":"K Schirmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(07)71601-6","article-title":"Two- or four-hour lying deprivation on the behavior of lactating dairy cows","volume":"90","author":"MD Cooper","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"ref53","first-page":"295","article-title":"Innere Medizin und Chirurgie des Rindes","author":"M St\u00f6ber","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19610048","article-title":"Saliva secretion and its relation to feeding in cattle","volume":"15","author":"CB Bailey","year":"1961","journal-title":"Brit J Nutr"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.4141\/A99-084","article-title":"Behavioural indicators of cow comfort: activity and resting behaviour of dairy cows in two types of housing","volume":"80","author":"DB Haley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Can J Anim Sci"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2014.12.002","article-title":"The effects of body posture and temperament on heart rate variability in dairy cows","volume":"139","author":"L Frondelius","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys Behav"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0131632","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,27]],"date-time":"2019-08-27T18:31:23Z","timestamp":1566930683000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0131632"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Alan","family":"McElligott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,25]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0131632","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,25]]}}}