{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:54:23Z","timestamp":1791248063997,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,29]],"date-time":"2015-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1435536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,29]],"date-time":"2015-06-29T18:30:38Z","timestamp":1435602638000},"page":"e0132065","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Emergence of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi in Italy"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Aurora","family":"Garc\u00eda-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Gallina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Slawomir","family":"Owczarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Dionisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ildo","family":"Benedetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Decastelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ida","family":"Luzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e32830f453a","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in typhoidal and nontyphoidal <italic>salmonellae<\/italic>","volume":"21","author":"CM Parry","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200310000-00014","article-title":"Antimicrobial drug resistance in <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic>","volume":"16","author":"CM Parry","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0704.017436","article-title":"Enteric fever treatment failures: A global concern","volume":"7","author":"DS Chandel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0911.030317","article-title":"Fluoroquinolone resistance linked to GyrA, GyrB, and ParC mutations in <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic> typhimurium isolates in humans","volume":"9","author":"I Casin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4012","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.10.4012-4015.2004","article-title":"Prevalence of mutations within the quinolone resistance-determining region of <italic>gyrA<\/italic>, <italic>gyrB<\/italic>, <italic>parC<\/italic>, and <italic>parE<\/italic> and association with antibiotic resistance in quinolone-resistant <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic>","volume":"48","author":"DJ Eaves","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1509.090567","article-title":"<italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic> serovar Typhi with CTX-M beta-lactamase, Germany","volume":"15","author":"Y Pfeifer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1605.091917","article-title":"Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Typhoid, South Africa","volume":"16","author":"KH Keddy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.124292","article-title":"Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in typhoidal <italic>Salmonellae<\/italic>: a preliminary report from South India","volume":"32","author":"VK Geetha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"204","article-title":"Resistance to quinolones and beta-lactams in <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic> due to mutations in topoisomerase-encoding genes, altered cell permeability and expression of an active efflux system","volume":"22","author":"E Mir\u00f3","year":"2004","journal-title":"Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-009-0732-6","article-title":"Increasing rates and clinical consequences of nalidixic acid-resistant isolates causing enteric fever in returned travellers: an 18-year experience","volume":"28","author":"S Hume","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2009.10.002","article-title":"Supplement 2003\u20132007 (No. 47) to the White-Kauffmann-Le Minor scheme","volume":"161","author":"M Guibourdenche","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res Microbiol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2807\/esm.08.02.00400-en","article-title":"Antimicrobial drug resistance in isolates of <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic> from cases of salmonellosis in humans in Europe in 2000: results of international multi-centre surveillance","volume":"8","author":"EJ Threlfall","year":"2003","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn470","article-title":"Characterization of plasmids harbouring <italic>qnrS1<\/italic>, <italic>qnrB2<\/italic> and <italic>qnrB19<\/italic> genes in <italic>Salmonella<\/italic>","volume":"63","author":"A Garc\u00eda-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3582","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01574-08","article-title":"<italic>oqxAB<\/italic> encoding a multidrug efflux pump in human clinical isolates of <italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/italic>","volume":"53","author":"HB Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.3.1045-1050.2005","article-title":"Establishment of a universal size standard strain for use with the PulseNet standardized pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocols: converting the national databases to the new size standard","volume":"43","author":"SB Hunter","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0912.030230","article-title":"Ciprofloxacin treatment failure in typhoid fever case, Pakistan","volume":"9","author":"T Butt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.83904","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in typhoidal <italic>salmonellae<\/italic>","volume":"29","author":"BN Harish","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1086\/649541","article-title":"Global trends in typhoid and paratyphoid fever","volume":"50","author":"JA Crump","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.5694\/mja12.10082","article-title":"Twenty-six years of enteric fever in Australia: an epidemiological analysis of antibiotic resistance","volume":"196","author":"RJ Commons","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8305.2012.00665.x","article-title":"Typhoid Fever in an inner city hospital: a 5-year retrospective review","volume":"20","author":"D Farmakiotis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Travel Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.129799","article-title":"Trends in antimicrobial susceptibility of <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> Typhi from North India (2001\u20132012)","volume":"32","author":"L Singhal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-009-0732-6","article-title":"Increasing rates and clinical consequences of nalidixic acid-resistant isolates causing enteric fever in returned travelers: an 18-year experience","volume":"28","author":"S Hume","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg222","article-title":"Mechanisms of resistance to quinolones: Target alterations, decreased accumulation and DNA gyrase protection","volume":"51","author":"J Ruiz","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl333","article-title":"The acquisition of full fluoroquinolone resistance in <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> Typhi by accumulation of point mutations in the topoisomerase targets","volume":"58","author":"AK Turner","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.65.264","article-title":"Antibiotic susceptibility pattern and the indicator of decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibility of <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic> serovar Typhi isolated from Dhulikhel Hospital","volume":"65","author":"D Acharya","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nepal. Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2013.01.002","article-title":"First isolation of ciprofloxacin-resistant <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic> serovar Typhi in Taiwan","volume":"46","author":"CJ Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4315","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00294-07","article-title":"Antimicrobial drug resistance of <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic> serovar Typhi in Asia and molecular mechanism of reduced susceptibility to the fluoroquinolones","volume":"51","author":"TT Chau","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1134933","article-title":"Evolutionary history of <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> Typhi","volume":"31","author":"P Roumagnac","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03546.x","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance trends in blood culture positive <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> Typhi isolates from Pondicherry, India, 2005\u20132009","volume":"18","author":"GA Menezes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0132065","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,27]],"date-time":"2019-08-27T20:20:04Z","timestamp":1566937204000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0132065"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Axel","family":"Cloeckaert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,29]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0132065","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,29]]}}}