{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T07:37:23Z","timestamp":1781077043930,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,24]],"date-time":"2015-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1440374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,24]],"date-time":"2015-08-24T18:12:33Z","timestamp":1440439953000},"page":"e0135061","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A Population-Structured HIV Epidemic in Israel: Roles of Risk and Ethnicity"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Zehava","family":"Grossman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boaz","family":"Avidor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zohar","family":"Mor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Chowers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Itzchak","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Shahar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaris","family":"Riesenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zev","family":"Sthoeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shlomo","family":"Maayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margalit","family":"Lorber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Olstein-Pops","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Elbirt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hila","family":"Elinav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilan","family":"Asher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Averbuch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valery","family":"Istomin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bat Sheva","family":"Gottesman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eynat","family":"Kedem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirley","family":"Girshengorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zipi","family":"Kra-Oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonat","family":"Shemer Avni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Radian Sade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Maldarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32833d207d","article-title":"Global HIV surveillance among MSM: is risk behavior seriously underestimated?","volume":"24","author":"L Bengtsson","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir468","article-title":"Transmission clustering drives the onward spread of the HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men in Quebec","volume":"204","author":"BG Brenner","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1086\/432916","article-title":"Prevalence of drug-resistant HIV-1 variants in untreated individuals in Europe: Implications for clinical management","volume":"192","author":"AMJ Wensing","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-6-49","article-title":"Tracing the HIV-1 subtype B mobility in Europe: a phylogeographic approach","volume":"6","author":"D Paraskevis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1086\/644505","article-title":"Transmission of drug-resistant HIV-1 is stabilizing in Europe","volume":"200","author":"J Vercauteren","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir244","article-title":"Men who have sex with men, risk behavior, and HIV infection: integrative analysis of clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory databases","volume":"52","author":"I Levy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e57789","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057789","article-title":"Transmission Patterns of HIV-Subtypes A\/AE versus B: Inferring Risk-Behavior Trends and Treatment-Efficacy Limitations from Viral Genotypic Data Obtained Prior to and during Antiretroviral Therapy","volume":"8","author":"B Avidor","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"2","article-title":"The epidemiology of adult AIDS and HIV infection in Israel","volume":"29","author":"PE Slater","year":"1993","journal-title":"Isr J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1258\/0956462041944321","article-title":"Epidemiology of adult and adolescent HIV infection in Israel: a country of immigration","volume":"15","author":"D Chemtob","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Thirty years of HIV in Israel: current epidemiology and future challenges","volume":"3","author":"Z Mor","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Epidemiological Periodic Reports 1998\u20132014"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200108170-00001","article-title":"Genotypic variation of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and protease: comparative analysis of clade C and clade B","volume":"15","author":"Z Grossman","year":"2001","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkg100","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase and protease sequence database","volume":"31","author":"SY Rhee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"Stanford University HIV Drug-Resistance Database (2013) Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/hivdbstanfordedu\/pages\/webservices\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/hivdbstanfordedu\/pages\/webservices<\/ext-link>, version 6.3.1."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.04.032","article-title":"Automated subtyping of HIV-1 genetic sequences for clinical and surveillance purposes: Performance evaluation of the new REGA version 3 and seven other tools","volume":"19","author":"ACP Pe\u00f1a","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infectious Genetics and Evolution"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.1.152-160.1999","article-title":"Full-length human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genomes from subtype C-infected seroconverters in India, with evidence of intersubtype recombination","volume":"73","author":"KS Lole","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4724","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004724","article-title":"Drug resistance mutations for surveillance of transmitted HIV-1 drug-resistance: 2009 update","volume":"4","author":"DE Bennett","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"(2014) Los Alamos database. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.hiv.lanl.gov\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.hiv.lanl.gov\/<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2109","article-title":"jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing","volume":"9","author":"D Darriba","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics","author":"M Nei","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150390235520","article-title":"A simple, fast, and accurate algorithm to estimate large phylogenies by maximum likelihood","volume":"52","author":"S Guindon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Syst Biol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01731581","article-title":"A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences","volume":"16","author":"M Kimura","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Mol Evol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst197","article-title":"MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0","volume":"30","author":"K Tamura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"Rambaut A (2012) FigTree v1.4.0: Tree Figure Drawing Tool. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/treebioedacuk\/software\/figtree\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/treebioedacuk\/software\/figtree\/<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-7-214","article-title":"BEAST: Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees","volume":"7","author":"AJ Drummond","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Evol Biol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mss075","article-title":"Bayesian phylogenetics with BEAUti and the BEAST 1.7","volume":"29","author":"AJ Drummond","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-10-36","article-title":"Limited cross-border infections in patients newly diagnosed with HIV in Europe","volume":"10","author":"D Frentz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-9-81","article-title":"Treatment-associated polymorphisms in protease are significantly associated with higher viral load and lower CD4 count in newly diagnosed drug-naive HIV-1 infected patients","volume":"9","author":"K Theys","year":"2012","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e86239","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086239","article-title":"Comparable Long-Term Efficacy of Lopinavir\/Ritonavir and Similar Drug-Resistance Profiles in Different HIV-1 Subtypes","volume":"9","author":"Z Grossman","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"e112","article-title":"Impact of HIV-1 subtype and antiretroviral therapy on protease and reverse transcriptase genotype: results of a global collaboration","volume":"2","author":"R Kantor","year":"2005","journal-title":"PlosMed"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e79691","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079691","article-title":"Tuberculosis Incidence in HIV\/AIDS Patients in Israel, 1983\u20132010","volume":"8","author":"Z Mor","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"The impact of clinical, demographic and risk factors on rates of HIV transmission. A population-based phylogenetic analysis in British Columbia, Canada","author":"AF Poon","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5472.1789","article-title":"Timing the ancestor of the HIV-1 pandemic strains","volume":"288","author":"B Korber","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3","DOI":"10.4081\/idr.2013.s1.e3","article-title":"The intra-host evolutionary and population dynamics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: a phylogenetic perspective","volume":"5","author":"M Salemi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect Dis Rep"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F9","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32832faf61","article-title":"Spatial phylodynamics of HIV-1 epidemic emergence in east Africa","volume":"23","author":"RR Gray","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E16","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0712128105","article-title":"Reply to Pape et al.: the phylogeography of HIV-1 group M subtype B","volume":"105","author":"M Worobey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22449","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022449","article-title":"The spread of HIV in Pakistan: bridging of the epidemic between populations","volume":"6","author":"MR Khanani","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref38","unstructured":"Katchman E, Savyon M, Chemtob D, Avidor B, Mor O, Wasserman A, et al. (2013) An Outbreak of Primary HIV Infection among Injecting Drug Users in Tel Aviv, Israel Associated with Changes in the Illicit Drug Use Practices. 14th European AIDS Conference; Oct 16\u201319, 2013; Brussels Belgium PS 11\/4."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000383","article-title":"Phylogenetic analyses reveal HIV-1 infections between men misclassified as heterosexual transmissions","volume":"28","author":"S Hue","year":"2014","journal-title":"AIDS"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0135061","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]],"date-time":"2022-05-20T21:37:41Z","timestamp":1653082661000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0135061"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Cecilio","family":"L\u00f3pez-Gal\u00edndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,24]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0135061","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,24]]}}}