{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T10:18:17Z","timestamp":1784197097133,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,7]],"date-time":"2015-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,7]],"date-time":"2015-08-07T18:08:45Z","timestamp":1438970925000},"page":"e0135273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Three-Dimensional Evaluation of the Upper Airway Morphological Changes in Growing Patients with Skeletal Class III Malocclusion Treated by Protraction Headgear and Rapid Palatal Expansion: A Comparative Research"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Xueling","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongxu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zizhong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongtao","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiantian","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shijie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.2319\/072408-391.1","article-title":"Effects of maxillary protraction and fixed appliance therapy on the pharyngeal airway","volume":"79","author":"E Kaygisiz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjs018","article-title":"Three-dimensional evaluation of facial morphology in children aged 5\u20136 years with a Class III malocclusion","volume":"36","author":"B Krneta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2003.01200.x","article-title":"The airway in patients with craniofacial abnormalities","volume":"14","author":"C Nargozian","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatric Anesthesia"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref4","first-page":"15","article-title":"Upper airway obstruction in craniofacial anomalies: diagnosis and management","volume":"21","author":"SD Handler","year":"1985","journal-title":"Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref5","first-page":"298","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in a family with Crouzon's syndrome","volume":"21","author":"S Hui","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.02.017","article-title":"Oropharyngeal airway in children with Class III malocclusion evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"136","author":"T Iwasaki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref7","first-page":"43","article-title":"Effects of maxillary protraction on craniofacial structures and upper-airway dimension","volume":"72","author":"S Hiyama","year":"2002","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.2319\/122806-535.1","article-title":"Maxillary protraction appliance effect on the size of the upper airway passage","volume":"78","author":"H Oktay","year":"2008","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"290964","article-title":"Changes in the upper and lower pharyngeal airway spaces associated with rapid maxillary expansion","volume":"2012","author":"F Aloufi","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISRN Dent"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.11.021","article-title":"Effects of maxillary protraction with or without expansion on the sagittal pharyngeal dimensions in Class III subjects","volume":"135","author":"M Mucedero","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.04.043","article-title":"Comparison of airway space with conventional lateral headfilms and 3-dimensional reconstruction from cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"135","author":"C Aboudara","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2008.05.001","article-title":"Cone-beam CT: applications in orthodontics","volume":"52","author":"SL Hechler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/98032356","article-title":"Comparison of conventional and cone beam CT synthesized cephalograms","volume":"36","author":"V Kumar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2010.01482.x","article-title":"An analysis of different approaches to the assessment of upper airway morphology: a CBCT study","volume":"13","author":"MG Lenza","year":"2010","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2011.06.017","article-title":"Cone-beam computerized tomography imaging and analysis of the upper airway: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"40","author":"R Guijarro-Martinez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16520","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016520","article-title":"Accuracy and reproducibility of voxel based superimposition of cone beam computed tomography models on the anterior cranial base and the zygomaticarches","volume":"6","author":"RM Nada","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref17","first-page":"179","article-title":"Mandibular growth changes and maturation of cervical vertebrae\u2014a longitudinal cephalometric study","volume":"58","author":"MT O'Reilly","year":"1988","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.2319\/060513-430.1","article-title":"Three-dimensional alterations in pharyngeal airway and maxillary sinus volumes in Class III maxillary deficiency subjects undergoing orthopedic facemask treatment","volume":"84","author":"P Pamporakis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.2319\/110211-675.1","article-title":"Effect of large incisor retraction on upper airway morphology in adult bimaxillary protrusion patients","volume":"82","author":"Y Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.2319\/012313-71.1","article-title":"Three-dimensional evaluation of upper airway following rapid maxillary expansion: a CBCT study","volume":"84","author":"H El","year":"2014","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e94378","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094378","article-title":"CBCT evaluation of the upper airway morphological changes in growing patients of class II division 1 malocclusion with mandibular retrusion using twin block appliance: a comparative research","volume":"9","author":"L Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.01.018","article-title":"Superimposition of 3-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography models of growing patients","volume":"136","author":"LH Cevidanes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e95544","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0095544","article-title":"A three dimensional study of upper airway in adult skeletal Class II patients with different vertical growth patterns","volume":"9","author":"T Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e43405","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043405","article-title":"Three dimensional assessment of the pharyngeal airway in individuals with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate","volume":"7","author":"T Cheung","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.2319\/082610-499.1","article-title":"Correlation between skeletal changes by maxillary protraction and upper airway dimensions","volume":"81","author":"JW Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.2319\/112106-477.1","article-title":"Cephalometric analysis of nonobese snorers either with or without obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"77","author":"HH Tsai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(83)90322-6","article-title":"The analysis of errors in orthodontic measurements","volume":"83","author":"WJ Houston","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(79)90278-1","article-title":"Experimental response to anteriorly directed extraoral force in young Macacanemestrina","volume":"75","author":"GW Jackson","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(99)70294-5","article-title":"The effectiveness of protraction face mask therapy: a meta-analysis","volume":"115","author":"JH Kim","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.07.011","article-title":"Three-dimensional analysis of maxillary changes associated with facemask and rapid maxillary expansion compared with bone anchored maxillary protraction","volume":"144","author":"CT Hino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjm076","article-title":"Effects on the sagittal pharyngeal dimensions of protraction and rapid palatal expansion in Class III malocclusion subjects","volume":"30","author":"AS Kilin\u00e7","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cji095","article-title":"Sagittal airway dimensions following maxillary protraction: a pilot study","volume":"28","author":"K Sayinsu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.022","article-title":"The effect of maxillary advancement and impaction on the upper airway after bimaxillary surgery to correct Class III malocclusion","volume":"139","author":"G Jakobsone","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2010.10.013","article-title":"Influence of tongue\/mandible volume ratio on oropharyngeal airway in Japanese male patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"111","author":"Y Shigeta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2007.02.024","article-title":"The effect of pharyngeal soft tissue components on snoring","volume":"31","author":"E Ozturk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2014.03.009","article-title":"Morphological changes in the pharyngeal airway of female skeletal class III patients following bimaxillary surgery: a cone beam computed tomography evaluation","volume":"43","author":"YM Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.014","article-title":"Tongue posture improvement and pharyngeal airway enlargement as secondary effects of rapid maxillary expansion: a cone-beam computed tomography study","volume":"143","author":"T Iwasaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2011.06.022","article-title":"Measurements of normal upper airway assessed by 3-dimensional computed tomography in Chinese children and adolescents","volume":"75","author":"H Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S169","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-7406.114325","article-title":"Early correction of class III malocclusion with rapid maxillary expansion and face mask therapy","volume":"5","author":"M Karthi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pharm Bioallied Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.2319\/083112-700.1","article-title":"Three-dimensional changes of the hyoid bone and airway volumes related to its relationship with horizontal anatomic planes after bimaxillary surgery in skeletal Class III patients","volume":"83","author":"MA Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357.2014.978366","article-title":"Gender-related difference in the upper airway dimensions and hyoid bone position in Chinese Han children and adolescents aged 6\u201318 years using cone beam computed tomography","volume":"73","author":"Y Jiang Y","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.10.013","article-title":"Airway growth and development: a computerized 3-dimensional analysis","volume":"70","author":"SA Schendel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Oral and Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.2319\/122811-801.1","article-title":"Three-dimensional airway evaluation in 387 subjects from one university orthodontic clinic using cone beam computed tomography","volume":"82","author":"CC Chiang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0135273","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T01:47:28Z","timestamp":1588988848000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0135273"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Chung-Jung","family":"Chiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,7]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0135273","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,7]]}}}